CN100567935C - A kind of gear global error measuring apparatus and method - Google Patents
A kind of gear global error measuring apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100567935C CN100567935C CNB2008101157264A CN200810115726A CN100567935C CN 100567935 C CN100567935 C CN 100567935C CN B2008101157264 A CNB2008101157264 A CN B2008101157264A CN 200810115726 A CN200810115726 A CN 200810115726A CN 100567935 C CN100567935 C CN 100567935C
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of gear global error measuring apparatus and method, belongs to precision measurement technology and instrument, mechanical transmissioning technology field.The present invention as measuring sensor, realizes the rolling point scanning measurement to whole gear teeth of the tested gear of different size by the monodentate prototype gear.By sensor the angular displacement signal that monodentate prototype gear and tested gear produce is become electric signal in transmission process, behind preposing signal process circuit and data collecting card, import computing machine, computing and data processing obtain four kinds of global error curves, each individual event geometrical deviation, three-dimensional flank of tooth topology deviation and the contact region aspect graph of tested gear by analysis, and can show and print error result and graph of errors.The present invention finishes measurement to the tested gear of different size with same prototype gear, has realized the flexible measuring of gear global error.The monodentate prototype gear is easy to make, cost is low, precision is high, applied widely, guaranteed measuring accuracy, enlarged measurement range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gear global error measuring apparatus and method, belong to precision measurement technology and instrument, mechanical transmissioning technology field.
Background technology
The gear global error measuring method by China in rate initiative at the beginning of the seventies in last century, it can extract individual error and other useful information from composite measurement, its appearance has solved a difficult problem in gear measurement field, promptly obtains whole control informations of gear on an instrument fast.
Through more than 30 years improve and popularization, the gear global error measuring method has developed into the motion geometric measurement method of actuated element in China, its basic thought is that measurand is made gear motion as the function element of a rigidity or actuated element and another standard component, and the gear motion error is counter asks measured error by measuring.The characteristics of global error curve are to have reflected the meshed transmission gear process visually, and have accurately disclosed the Changing Pattern of gear individual error and the relation between error, are particularly suitable for the forecast of gear process error analysis and dynamic property.The advantage that adopts the instrument of this method is that efficiency of measurement height, metrical information are abundant, measuring process is more near user mode, and instrument is less demanding to environmental baseline in addition, is specially adapted to produce in enormous quantities the accuracy detection and the quality control of middle gear product.Require under 100% situation that all detects at automobile gear, the gear global error measuring method has special value.Abroad, German gearing mesh rolling point scanning surveying instrument of introducing to the market has in recent years adopted complete class technology together.
The gear integrated error tester device can be divided into Worm type gear integrated error tester and gear type global error measuring instrument according to the difference of the measurement standard element that is adopted.Worm type gear integrated error tester development comparative maturity, typical instrument is the CZ450 that has Chengdu Tool Research Institute to produce, this instrument obtains national invention second prize, but there is following defective in such gear integrated error tester:
1. the measuring workpieces of different size all must make that the measurement of measuring instrument is flexible poor, the cost height with the measuring sensor of different size.
2. high-precision measurement worm screw is made difficulty, and especially big modulus is measured worm screw processing difficulty more.
3. what record when measuring spiral gear is the normal direction engaging tooth shape and the end face involute profile disunity of custom in the world, influences its popularization and transmitting accuracy.
4. be difficult to measure than gear wheel, mainly be that gear wheel is difficult when promoting with worm screw, thereby limit its measurement range.
Gear type global error measuring method adopts usually and has a kind of gear of special measurement rib band as prototype gear, this prototype gear is rejected and is made measuring rib band remainder in addition from the original gear flank of tooth by machining, electromachining, chemical process or their combinations.There are three problems in this method:
1. when adopting machining and electric processing method to make prototype gear, because of the machining shape component difficulty is big, the processing charges height, uneconomical.
2. when adopting chemical process, simple and easy to operate, but in manufacturing process, need acid-base solution, and environment is paid no attention to, have because of manually-operated, in case make mistakes, be difficult to replenish.
3. for the tested gear of different size, all to make independent prototype gear, the waste lot of manpower and material resources.
The patent No. is that 03,132,055 1 kinds of gear error measuring methods and device thereof propose a kind of bonding agent that adopts with the sheet metal of the definite shape size measurement rib band as prototype gear, sticks on to make on the select location of the selected gear teeth of prototype gear parent to have special measurement rib band prototype gear.This method is easy to make, and cost is low, but is not suitable for the little gear measurement of gearing mesh sideshake, and the process of bonded metal thin slice is manually-operated, and precision and reliability are difficult to guarantee.In addition,, all to make independent prototype gear for the tested gear of different size, the waste lot of manpower and material resources, this situation makes this method be very restricted in actual applications.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome in the existing gear global error measurement: the measuring workpieces of different size must be used the defective of the measuring sensor of different size, has proposed a kind of single tooth type gear global error measuring apparatus and method.The enough same prototype gears of this method energy are finished the measurement to the tested gear of specification, have realized the flexible measuring of gear global error, have also improved efficiency of measurement simultaneously, have guaranteed measuring accuracy, have enlarged measurement range.
The present invention is directed to the defective of existing gear global error measuring method, carry out principle innovation, basic thought is: design and manufacturing only contain the monodentate prototype gear of gear teeth, the structure of monodentate prototype gear as shown in Figure 2, be only to design gear teeth as measuring the gear teeth on the canonical measure gear, these gear teeth both sides are the standard involute profile.Realize all rolling point scanning of gear teeth measurements on the tested gear by these gear teeth.
To achieve these goals, the present invention has taked following technical scheme.The present invention includes first motor, the first circle grating, only contain monodentate prototype gear, second motor, first precise guide rail, first linear grating, tested gear, the second circle grating, second linear grating, second precise guide rail and the 3rd motor of gear teeth; Wherein: monodentate prototype gear, the first circle grating and first motor is coaxial successively is connected on the first accurate dense ball bearing shafting, form main drive shaft system, the main shaft and the first servo-drive system D of main drive shaft system
1Connect; Main drive shaft system is connected on the worktable of first precise guide rail, and whole main drive shaft is to do translation motion along directions X with this worktable; First precise guide rail and second motor and the second servo-drive system D
2Connect, first linear grating is installed in and is used for measuring the straight-line displacement of this guide rail along directions X on first precise guide rail; Grating is coaxial is connected on the second accurate dense ball bearing shafting for the tested gear and second circle, forms driven axle system; Driven axle system is connected on the worktable of second precise guide rail, and whole driven axle is to do translation motion along the Y direction with this worktable; Second precise guide rail and the 3rd motor and the 3rd servo-drive system D
3Coaxial connection, second linear grating are installed in and are used for measuring the straight-line displacement of this guide rail along the Y direction on second precise guide rail; The first circle grating, the second circle grating are connected with computing machine with data collecting card by a series of pre processing circuits with first linear grating, second linear grating.
Use above-mentioned single tooth type gear global error measuring apparatus to measure, its measuring method is as follows:
1) the measurement cross section of the tested gear of selection is specially: sent instructions by computing machine, by the 3rd servo-drive system D
3Control the 3rd motor, make the worktable of second precise guide rail drive tested gear along Y direction rectilinear motion;
2) initial position of initialization monodentate prototype gear;
3) Survey Software in the computing machine is calculated the mounting center distance of tested gear and monodentate prototype gear according to gear parameter, is sent instructions to the second servo-drive system D by computing machine
2, control second motor and rotate, make main drive shaft system with worktable along the directions X moving linearly, the distance between tested gear and monodentate prototype gear is the mounting center distance;
4) by the first servo-drive system D
1Control gear teeth of the first motor-driven monodentate prototype gear and tested gear and make the single face gear motion, until breaking away from engagement;
5) in the single face engagement process, detect the angular displacement of monodentate prototype gear by the first circle grating
Detect the angular displacement of tested gear by the second circle grating
6) obtain the global error δ of these gear teeth on the tested gear, be specially:
Wherein i is the ratio of gear of tested gear and monodentate prototype gear, i=d
2/ d
1, d
1, d
2Be respectively the reference diameter of tested gear and monodentate prototype gear;
7) by the second servo-drive system D
2Controlling second motor makes main drive shaft system and driven axle system break away from;
8) repeating step 2)～7), all measure until whole gear teeth of tested gear and to finish;
9) repeat 1)～8), the gear global error δ on the different cross section of whole gear teeth of tested gear measured;
10) the first servo-drive system D
1Control the counter-rotating of first motor 1, repeat 1)～9), the gear global error δ of another flank of tooth of tested gear measured.
The present invention has proposed by design first and has made and have only the measuring sensor of the monodentate prototype gear of gear teeth as gear global error, realized with of the measurement of same prototype gear the tested gear of different size, overcome in the gear global error measurement in the past: the measuring workpieces of different size must be used the defective of the measuring sensor of different size, has realized the flexible measuring of gear integrated error tester.Monodentate prototype gear among the present invention is easy to make, and cost is low, and the precision height is applied widely, has guaranteed measuring accuracy, has enlarged measurement range.The single tooth type gear global error method that the present invention proposes has adopted the monodentate prototype gear as the canonical measure element, and no longer be to measure worm screw as the canonical measure element, overcome the problem of high-precision measurement worm screw manufacturing difficulty in the conventional worm formula gear integrated error tester, what overcome that the Worm type gear integrated error tester records when measuring spiral gear is the normal direction engaging tooth shape, the little shortcoming of the skimble-scamble problem of Xi Guan contrate tooth profile, and Worm type gear integrated error tester measurement range in the world.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the structural representation of monodentate prototype gear
Fig. 1 (b) is the front view of monodentate prototype gear
Fig. 1 (c) is the left view of monodentate prototype gear
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 3 is a process flow diagram of the present invention
Fig. 4 is the first accurate dense ball bearing shafting structural drawing
Fig. 5 software general frame of the present invention
Fig. 6 is that gear error index of the present invention is handled framework
Among the figure: 1. first motor, 2. first circle grating, the 3. first accurate dense ball bearing shafting, 4. monodentate prototype gear, 5. second motor, 6. first precise guide rail, 7. measured gear, 8. second justifies grating, 9. first linear grating, 10. second linear grating, 11. the second accurate dense ball bearing shafting, 12. second precise guide rail, 13. the 3rd motors, D
1. first servo-drive system, D
2. second servo-drive system, D
3. the 3rd servo-drive system, 14. main shafts, 15. O-ring seals, 16. head-shield, 17. collars, 18. end face retaining rings, 19. retainer, 20. balls, 21. collar bushes, 22. axle sleeve, 23. shafting foundations, 24. axially adjust ring, 25. axial pressure ring, 26. double nuts, 27. grating fixed mounts, 28. motor fixing frame, 29. circle gratings tighten nut, 30. shaft couplings.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Present embodiment design and manufacturing only contain the monodentate prototype gear of gear teeth, and enough this gears of energy are finished the measurement to the tested gear of specification, have realized the flexible measuring of gear global error.Present embodiment can be measured gear teeth realization by this monodentate the rolling point scanning of whole gear teeth of tested gear is measured, by angular encoder the angular displacement signal that monodentate prototype gear and tested gear produce is become electric signal in transmission process, behind preposing signal process circuit and data collecting card, import computing machine, computing and data place obtain four kinds of global error curves, each individual event geometrical deviation, three-dimensional flank of tooth topology deviation and the contact region aspect graph of tested gear by analysis, and can show and print error result and graph of errors.
1. monodentate prototype gear
In order to realize the flexible measuring of gear integrated error tester, overcome gear global error measurement in the past: the measuring workpieces of different size must be used the defective of the measuring sensor of different size, present embodiment is made monodentate prototype gear shown in Figure 1, and the monodentate prototype gear only keeps complete gear teeth as measuring the gear teeth on the canonical measure gear.
2. mechanical hook-up
Monodentate prototype gear 4, the first circle grating 2 (the RON287 type circle grating that German HEIDENHAIN (Heidenhain) company produces) and first motor 1 (the MINAS-A4-100W type servomotor of MAT) is coaxial successively is connected on the first accurate dense ball bearing shafting 3, form main drive shaft system, the main shaft and the first servo-drive system D of main drive shaft system
1(FALDIC-W of Fuji series and MINAS series of servo system of Panasonic) connects; Main drive shaft system is connected on the worktable of first precise guide rail 6, and whole main drive shaft is to do translation motion along directions X with this worktable.First precise guide rail 6 and second motor 5 and the second servo-drive system D
2Connect, first linear grating 9 (Changchun ray machine the long grating of SGC 4 types) is installed in and is used for measuring the straight-line displacement of this guide rail along directions X on first precise guide rail 6.
Tested gear 7 and the second circle grating, 8 coaxial being connected on the second accurate dense ball bearing shafting 11 are formed driven axle system; Driven axle system is connected on the worktable of second precise guide rail 12, and whole driven axle is to do translation motion along the Y direction with this worktable; Second precise guide rail 12 and the 3rd motor 13 and the 3rd servo-drive system D
3Connect, second linear grating 10 is installed in and is used for measuring the straight-line displacement of this guide rail along the Y direction on second precise guide rail 12.
The first circle grating 2, the second circle grating 8 are connected with computing machine with data collecting card by a series of pre processing circuits with first linear grating 9, second linear grating 10.
The rotary axis system of present embodiment adopts sealed bead bearing axle system.Mainly by main shaft 14, axle sleeve 22 and intensively form in the ball with interference fit 20 between the two.Because the dense distribution and the interference fit of ball help to reduce the influence of each building block foozle to axle system, be that rotating accuracy improves thereby make axle.Dense distribution is exactly that ball is by the helix dense arrangement, promptly all be covered with ball in each radial and axial cross section of bearing, the raceway along oneself during each ball revolution rolls, and does not repeat mutually, " homogenizing " and reduced the raceway face wearing and tearing improved the rotating accuracy and the serviceable life of axle system.Interference fit is equivalent to preload, all exists the magnitude of interference between main shaft, ball, this three of axle sleeve, by the elastic deformation of trace, play and eliminate the gap, reduce the influence of error in geometrical form, not only improving axle is rotating accuracy, and also having increased axle is rigidity.Fig. 4 is the structural drawing of the first accurate dense ball bearing shafting 3, main shaft diameter 50mm, ball diameter 6mm, quantity 66, ball 20 is placed in the retainer 19, is bipitch helical line and distributes, and the thrust ball is placed in the end face retaining ring 18, installation shaft is adjusted axial pre tightening force by double nut through axial pressure ring to adjusting ring 24 between end face retaining ring 18 and main shaft 14.Test data is: the circularity of main shaft, axle sleeve is less than 0.3um, and ball is " 00 grade " steel ball, after the assembling radially rotating accuracy be 1.5 μ m.
3. measuring process
This method is undertaken by step shown in Figure 3.
1) tested gear 7 is installed;
2) the measurement cross section of the tested gear 7 of selection is specially: sent instructions by computing machine, by the 3rd servo-drive system D
3Controlling the 3rd motor 13 makes tested gear along Y direction rectilinear motion;
4) initial position of initialization monodentate prototype gear is specially: system adjusts its position by main drive shaft, and it can be meshed with the gear teeth in the tested gear;
5) Survey Software is sent instructions to the second servo-drive system D by computing machine according to the mounting center distance of gear parameter calculating prototype gear 4 and tested gear 7
2, control second motor 5 and regulate centre distance between diaxon system along the directions X rectilinear motion, be the mounting center distance, and with first linear grating 9 and the real-time display centre of digital display device thereof apart from value.
6) by the first servo-drive system D
1Control gear teeth of first motor, 1 driving monodentate prototype gear 4 and tested gear 7 and make the single face gear motion, until breaking away from engagement.
7) in the single face engagement process, detect the angular displacement of monodentate prototype gear 2 by the first circle grating 2
Detect the angular displacement of tested gear 7 by the second circle grating 8
8) obtain the global error δ of these gear teeth on the tested gear 7, be specially:
Wherein i is the ratio of gear i=d of tested gear and monodentate prototype gear
2/ d
1, d
1, d
2Reference diameter for tested gear and monodentate prototype gear;
9) by servo-drive system D
2Controlling second motor 5 makes main drive shaft system withdraw from along directions X.
10) repeating step 4)～step 9), extremely whole gear teeth of tested gear are all measured and are finished.
11) show with preserve this cross section of tested gear on each error criterion and graph of errors mutually.
12) repeating step 2)～step 11), measure the gear global error on the different cross section.
13) the first servo-drive system D
1Control the counter-rotating of first motor 1 and measure repeating step 2)～step 12), measure the gear global error of tested another flank of tooth of gear.
4. electric machine control system
Control system in the present embodiment comprises rotation three parts of the adjusting of centre distance between adjusting, the diaxon system in tested gear measurement cross section with gear shaft, adopts servo-drive system that above-mentioned controlled device is carried out rotating control and speed regulating control.
5. data acquisition system (DAS) and error evaluation software
The software general frame of present embodiment totally is divided into three big functional modules: system flow administration module, error information acquisition module and data processing algorithm generic module as shown in Figure 5.Wherein, the system flow administration module is the administration and supervision authorities to whole Survey Software.It comprises that user interactions, agent structure, data schema and the result of software export many contents such as design, and this Module Design is directly connected to the usability of software and the size of development amount.
The error information acquisition module is the core link of Survey Software, is the basis of Survey Software.The respectively corresponding data collecting work module of every measurement function.The data processing algorithm module adopts up-to-date accuracy of gear standards and norms to carry out the processing of the every error information of gear.It is the main body of Survey Software, also is the soul place of Survey Software.
When tested gear and master gear are done the single face engagement and are rotated under reference center distance, by coaxial mounted high precision circle grating output orthogonal A, B two-phase square-wave signal and one road zero pulse signal R, respectively to signal nurse one's health, segmentation, sensing, two-way grating subdivision sensing signal is sent to respectively behind card extender among the data collecting card G (as grinding magnificent PCI-1784 computer card) carries out data processing.By computer programming realize integrated circuit board initialization, frequency division counter, than three functions such as calculating mutually.
According to GB/T 10095.1～2-2001 and cylindrical gear check implementation specification, the data processing framework of each measurement project of Survey Software as shown in Figure 6.Data processing basic ideas for JZ measurement and SJZ curved measurement are: obtain Method of Gear Integrated Error Curve by error acquisition interface software earlier, by the arrangement of this curve and the extraction of error point are obtained corresponding graph of errors, obtain corresponding gear error desired value more on this basis then.The data processing that tooth alignment error is measured is simpler relatively, after measurement finishes, by the calibration of tooth alignment error curve ranges, obtains the effectively graph of errors of section, can calculate every index of tooth alignment error more on this basis.At last each graph of errors is carried out frequency analysis, draw the reason and a variety of causes effect that influence this gear error.Simultaneously, in order to adapt to the quality requirements of Gear Production in enormous quantities, realization is controlled the quality of Gear Production operation, and the Survey Software of present embodiment has been done data statistic analysis (Spc analysis) to the deviation index of gear, provides the quality control chart (x-R figure) of this index.
Present embodiment has that the metrical information amount is big, applied widely, prototype gear is easy to make, cost is low, the precision advantages of higher.The Survey Software of measuring method correspondence can be evaluated the analysis and the diagnosis of gear quality and Gear Processing technology simultaneously more comprehensively, accurately, and has functions such as error statistics, processing, analysis, can realize the SPC statistical Process Control to the batch Gear Production.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of gear global error measuring apparatus is characterized in that: include first motor (1), the first circle grating (2), only contain monodentate prototype gear (4), second motor (5), first precise guide rail (6), first linear grating (9), tested gear (7), the second circle grating (8), second linear grating (10), second precise guide rail (12) and the 3rd motor (13) of gear teeth; The gear both sides of described monodentate prototype gear (4) are the standard involute profile; Wherein: monodentate prototype gear (4), the first circle grating (2) and first motor (1) is coaxial successively is connected on the first accurate dense ball bearing shafting (3), form main drive shaft system, the main shaft and the first servo-drive system (D that main drive shaft is
1) connect; Main drive shaft system is connected on the worktable of first precise guide rail (6), and whole main drive shaft is to do translation motion along directions X with this worktable; First precise guide rail (6) and second motor (5) and the second servo-drive system (D
2) connect, first linear grating (9) is installed in and is used for measuring the straight-line displacement of this guide rail along directions X on first precise guide rail (6); Tested gear (7) and coaxial being connected on the second accurate dense ball bearing shafting (11) of the second circle grating (8) are formed driven axle system; Driven axle system is connected on the worktable of second precise guide rail (12), and whole driven axle is to do translation motion along the Y direction with this worktable; Second precise guide rail (12) and the 3rd motor (13) and the 3rd servo-drive system (D
3) connect, second linear grating (10) is installed in and is used for measuring the straight-line displacement of this guide rail along the Y direction on second precise guide rail (12); The first circle grating (2), the second circle grating (8) are connected with computing machine with data collecting card G by a series of pre processing circuits with first linear grating (9), second linear grating (10).
2, the method for using the described a kind of gear global error measuring apparatus of claim 1 to measure is characterized in that this method realizes according to the following steps:
1) selects the measurement cross section of tested gear (7), be specially: send instructions by computing machine, by the 3rd servo-drive system (D
3) control the 3rd motor (13), make the worktable of second precise guide rail (12) drive tested gear (7) along Y direction rectilinear motion;
2) initial position of initialization monodentate prototype gear (4);
3) Survey Software in the computing machine is calculated the mounting center distance of tested gear (7) and monodentate prototype gear (4) according to gear parameter, is sent instructions to the second servo-drive system (D by computing machine
2), control second motor (5) and rotate, make main drive shaft system with worktable along the directions X moving linearly, the distance between tested gear (7) and monodentate prototype gear (4) is a reference center distance;
4) by the first servo-drive system (D
1) control first motor (1) gear teeth driving monodentate prototype gear (4) and tested gear (7) make the single face gear motion, mesh until breaking away from;
5) in the single face engagement process, detect the angular displacement of monodentate prototype gear (4) by the first circle grating (2)
, justify the angular displacement that grating (8) detects tested gear (7) by second
6) obtain the global error δ that tested gear (7) is gone up these gear teeth, be specially:
Wherein i is the ratio of gear of tested gear (7) and monodentate prototype gear (4);
7) by the second servo-drive system (D
2) control second motor (5) makes main drive shaft be and driven axle system breaks away from;
8) repeating step 2)～step 7), all measure until whole gear teeth of tested gear (7) and to finish;
9) repeating step 1)～step 8), measure the gear global error δ on the different cross section of whole gear teeth of tested gear (7);
10) the first servo-drive system (D
1) control first motor (1) counter-rotating, repeat 1)～9), the gear global error δ of another flank of tooth of tested gear (7) measured.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101915667A (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2010-12-15 | 北京工业大学 | Integrated error measuring technology and method thereof of gear pair |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101294868A (en) | 2008-10-29 |
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