A kind of normal moveout correction stacking method of avoiding nmo stretching
Technical field
The present invention relates to geological exploration techniques, is the normal moveout correction stacking method of avoiding nmo stretching during a kind of geological data is handled.
Background technology
In oil or other destination seismic explorations, with near the focus earthquake-wave-excitings face of land such as explosive, vibroseis, air guns, receive seismic event through the reflection wave of formation wave impedance interface biography with seismoreceiver to the face of land, and with its digitizing, subsequently data are handled, extracted subsurface geology information and be used to describe the subsurface geology aspect.
Because focus has destructiveness and adopts multi-fold technology, geophone station and focus can not be in same position, and the road that belongs to same CMP in the resulting seismic data has multiple geophone offset relation.In order to represent the degree of depth at corresponding interface and to utilize the method that repeatedly covers by stack to obtain higher signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) with the seismic event whilst on tour of the shot point-interface under the self excitation and self receiving situation-receiving station uniformly, when data processing, need become the data that obtains under the hypothesis self excitation and self receiving situation to data reduction, the writing time under the self excitation and self receiving situation of the physical record time conversion of record one-tenth hypothesis with certain geophone offset.Because the time formerly is subjected to the effect correction amount of geophone offset just big, later time adjustment amount is less, so the waveform of seismologic record can be elongated, produces stretch distortion, i.e. nmo stretching effect.
Traditional with the serious part that stretches in the nmo stretching excision method removal data, yet, still there is the stretching of less degree to be retained, particularly outstanding at middle-shallow layer, show as middle-shallow layer frequency anomaly step-down, even be lower than the more data of deep layer, resolution is low, and the authenticity of ripple group form reduces.
Rupert in 1975 and Chun propose (Rupert, G.B., and Chun, J.H., 1975, Theblock move sum normal moveout correction:Geophysics, 40,17-24), Brouwer improved (Brouwer, J.H., 2002 in 2002, Improved NMO correction with aspecific application to shallow-seismic data:Geophysical Prospecting, 50, the method for the correction NMO stretching that is called as BMS (block-move-sum) 225-237) is according to a series of data blocks of the staggered division of the distribution of lineups, different pieces is implemented static translation, then the piece after the translation is joined again.This method has realized not having the normal moveout correction that stretches in each data block, but is limited in discontinuous part.Bazelaire had proposed hyperbolic curve translation (shiftedhyperbolae) method (de Bazelaire in 1988, E., 1988, Normal moveoutrevisited-Inhomogeneous media and curved interfaces:Geophysics, 53,143-157), this method is proofreaied and correct apart from hyperbolic curve and translated line thereof in local self excitation and self receiving time range on time, this method can be accomplished the good correction of stretching of not having to determining a layer isolated reflection line-ups that forms, yet the reflection wave that occurs that interlocks continuously is not well suited for.Perroud in 2004 and Tyge propose to be called method (Perroud, H., and Tyge, the M. of no stretching normal moveout correction (Nonstretch NMO), 2004, Nonstretch NMO:Geophysics, 69,599-607), start with, realize local inhibition stretching from the parameter of regulating the speed.Its application mode is fit to traditional processing custom, but in fact still realizing partly not having stretches, and has local contradiction with accurate normal moveout correction.More than each method all be to realize not having the normal moveout correction of stretching partly, and do not satisfy on the contrary in the requirement of so local normal moveout correction, can not be whole when avoiding stretching, finish normal moveout correction consistently.These methods show the data mandatory modification, to the style of processing procedure human intervention, do not have stretching and can not reach synchronously with normal correction, attend to one thing and lose sight of another, and effect is bad.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of normal moveout correction stacking method of avoiding nmo stretching that improves the frequency and the longitudinal frame of middle-shallow layer on the stacked section.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
The present invention is according to each the sampling time t in the following steps calculating self excitation and self receiving record
iRecord value (use t
iThe writing time of expression self excitation and self receiving seismic trace, subscript i represents corresponding i sampled point), wherein utilize the effect of common CMP stack and finished stack.
The concrete following steps that adopt:
1) gathers seismic event with common multi-fold technology;
2) carrying out early stage with common technology handles;
3) with the time-speed data on the common technology acquisition different CMP, calculate the temporal speed of the needs of each CMP with method of interpolation;
4) ask for the self excitation and self receiving record that will form on arbitrary CMP and go up t
iThe t ' of record
iComponent;
Wherein: i represents corresponding i sampled point,
t
iThe writing time of expression self excitation and self receiving seismic trace,
T '
iThe self excitation and self receiving time of arrival of expression wavelet,
With the t ' on this CMP
i=t
iSpeed v (the t of-m τ
i-m τ) asks for each road self excitation and self receiving time t '
i=t
iThe dynamic correction value at-m τ place, it is t ' that the self excitation and self receiving time is separately used in each road of full CMP road collection
i=t
iThe dynamic correction value at-m τ place carries out whole equivalent time shift, selects existing filtering technique to subdue composition outside the horizontal lineups then, strengthens horizontal lineups, again t
iThe record value in each road on writing time is according to the stack of the method for common stack, and obtaining this CMP self excitation and self receiving record last time of arrival is t
iThe wavelet of-m τ is to t
iContribution amount s (the t of place's record value
i, t
i-m τ), i.e. t
iThe t ' of record
iComponent;
Wherein: τ is the step-length with variable search time of arrival wavelet component,
M is the maximum step number of searching for forward,
V (t
i-m τ) for step 2) self excitation and self receiving time of being obtained is t '
iBe t
iThe pairing speed of-m τ;
S represents seismologic record and component value thereof;
5) with t '
iValue t
i-m τ becomes t
i-(m-1) τ repeats above calculating, obtains s (t
i, t
i-(m-1) τ), i.e. t
iThe t of record
i-(m-1) τFen Liang;
6) change t '
iValue t
i-(m-1) τ is t
i-(m-2) τ repeats above calculating, obtains s (t
i, t
i-(m-2) τ), i.e. t
iThe t of record
i-(m-2) τFen Liang;
7) continue to change t '
iValue, make t ' respectively
i=t
i-(m-3) τ, t
i-(m-4) τ ..., t
i-(m-m) τ repeats to replace t ' with these values respectively
iValue t
iThe step 4) of-m τ obtains s (t respectively
i, t
i-(m-3) τ), s (t
i, t
i-(m-4) τ) ..., s (t
i, t
i);
8) use t '
i=t
i+ 1 τ, t
i+ 2 τ ..., t
i+ n τ, repeating step 4), obtain s (t
i, t
i+ 1 τ), s (t
i, t
i+ 2 τ) ..., s (t
i, t
i+ n τ);
Wherein: n is the maximum step number of searching for backward;
9) the above t that obtains
iWrite down different t '
iComponent s (t
i, t
i-m τ), s (t
i, t
i-(m-1) τ) ..., s (t
i, t
i), s (t
i, t
i+ 1 τ), s (t
i, t
i+ 2 τ) ..., s (t
i, t
i+ n τ) addition, divided by m+n+1 as the t on the self excitation and self receiving record
iRecord s (t
i) be t
iThe record value at place;
10) change t respectively
iRepeating step 4), obtains the record on the other times that self excitation and self receiving writes down on this CMP to step 9);
11) obtain self excitation and self receiving record on other CMP, finish the section stack.
The present invention also provides following technical scheme:
Described step 1) described is in earlier stage handled and to be comprised: known recording geometry information is added the trace header of seismologic record or remove ground roll or remove high energy and disturb or carry out editor and remove bad track or do the geometric divergence compensation and earth's surface-consistent amplitude compensation or do deconvolution or do static correction.
The described method of interpolation of step 3)
: interpolation can be asked in advance and store for future use, and also can ask for when using.
Step 4) selects existing filtering technique to subdue composition outside the horizontal lineups, strengthens horizontal lineups.
It is O that step 4) exceeds the record value of physical record outside the time in the step 9).
Step 4) in the step 9) parameter m or n with t
iIn time, become.
Do not form the stretching of record or seismic event in the processing procedure of the present invention, finish repeatedly the stack of cover data, the record of finally obtaining is a normal moveout correction superposition of data of having avoided nmo stretching, with respect to classic method, the frequency of avoiding nmo stretching to cause reduces and longitudinal frame reduces, and improves the frequency and the longitudinal frame of middle-shallow layer on the stacked section.
The present invention replaces normal moveout correction and CMP road collection stack altogether in the seismic data conventional process flow, is guaranteeing not make reflection wave that the distortion that stretches takes place again when every group of reflection wave can both correctly be proofreaied and correct.On the section that produces, see, contrast traditional result, improved frequency and longitudinal frame and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).The application approach of other treatment technologies is provided.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the stacked profile map of conventional normal moveout correction and overlap-add procedure;
Fig. 2 replaces the normal moveout correction stacked profile map of the normal moveout correction in the traditional process and the gained that superposes for the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is according to each the sampling time t in the following steps calculating self excitation and self receiving record
iRecord value (use t
iThe writing time of expression self excitation and self receiving seismic trace, subscript i represents corresponding i sampled point), finished stack with the effect of CMP stack altogether.
The concrete following steps that adopt:
1) gathers seismic event with common multi-fold technology;
2) carrying out early stage with common technology handles; Handle described early stage and comprise: the trace header that known recording geometry information is added seismologic record; Remove ground roll; Removal high energy disturbs; Carry out editor and remove bad track; Do geometric divergence compensation and earth's surface-consistent amplitude compensation; Do deconvolution; Do static correction;
3) with the time-speed data on the common technology acquisition different CMP, upward needed time one speed is right to calculate each CMP with method of interpolation;
Described method of interpolation: interpolation can be asked in advance and store for future use, and also can ask for when using.
4) ask for the self excitation and self receiving record that will form on arbitrary CMP and go up t
iThe t ' of record
iComponent;
Wherein: i represents corresponding i sampled point,
t
iThe writing time of expression self excitation and self receiving seismic trace,
T '
iThe self excitation and self receiving time of arrival of expression wavelet,
With the t ' on this CMP
i=t
iSpeed v (the t of-m τ
i-m τ) asks for each road self excitation and self receiving time t '
i=t
iThe dynamic correction value at-m τ place, it is t ' that the self excitation and self receiving time is separately used in each road of full CMP road collection
i=t
iThe dynamic correction value at-m τ place carries out whole equivalent time shift, t
iThe record value in each road on writing time is according to the stack of the method for common stack, and obtaining this CMP self excitation and self receiving record last time of arrival is t
iThe wavelet of-m τ is to t
iContribution amount s (the t of place's record value
i, t
i-m τ), i.e. t
iThe t ' of record
iComponent;
Wherein: τ is the step-length with variable search time of arrival wavelet component,
M is the maximum step number of searching for forward,
V (t
i-m τ) for step 2) self excitation and self receiving time of being obtained is t '
iBe t
iThe pairing speed of-m τ;
Described step 4) selects existing filtering technique to subdue composition outside the horizontal lineups, strengthens horizontal lineups.
5) with t '
iValue t
i-m τ becomes t
i-(m-1) τ repeats above calculating, obtains s (t
i, t
i-(m-1) τ), i.e. t
iThe t of record
i-(m-1) τFen Liang;
6) change t '
iValue t
i-(m-1) τ is t
i-(m-2) τ repeats above calculating, obtains s (t
i, t
i-(m-2) τ), i.e. t
iThe t of record
i-(m-2) τFen Liang;
7) continue to change t '
iValue, make t ' respectively
i=t
i-(m-3) τ, t
i-(m-4) τ ..., t
i-(m-m) τ repeats to replace t ' with these values respectively
iValue t
iThe step 4) of-m τ obtains s (t respectively
i, t
i-(m-3) τ), s (t
i, t
i-(m-4) τ) ..., s (t
i, t
i);
8) use t '
i=t
i+ 1 τ, t
i+ 2 τ ..., t
i+ n τ, repeating step 4), obtain s (t
i, t
i+ 1 τ), s (t
i, t
i+ 2 τ) ..., s (t
i, t
i+ n τ);
Wherein: n is the maximum step number of searching for backward;
9) the above t that obtains
iWrite down different t '
iComponent s (t
i, t
i-m τ), s (t
i, t
i-(m-1) τ) ..., s (t
i, t
i), s (t
i, t
i+ 1 τ), s (t
i, t
i+ 2 τ) ..., s (t
i, t
i+ n τ) addition, divided by m+n+1 as the t on the self excitation and self receiving record
iRecord s (t
i) be t
iThe record value at place;
10) change t respectively
iRepeating step 4), obtains the record on the other times that self excitation and self receiving writes down on this CMP to step 9);
11) obtain self excitation and self receiving record on other CMP, finish the section stack.
Exceeding the record value of physical record outside the time in step 4) in the step 9) is 0.
Step 4) in the step 9) parameter m or n with t
iIn time, become.
Equivalent time shift described in the step 4) can not done yet, but need replace with the data object after the time shift in handling the data object before their pairing time shifts.In the prediction scope, doing does not like this have any overall benefit, but also may recover after local difficulty is temporarily introduced time-shifting method during the course for avoiding again.
Implement on the CMP line of 135 bundles of the present invention in certain seismic prospecting project.Data on this CMP line has been made stacked section with conventional flow process and method, as shown in Figure 1, the frequency at the stacked section 1.7s place of as seen conventional normal moveout correction and overlap-add procedure is on the contrary than more deep layer is low, then with normal moveout correction and stack in the method replacement old process of the present invention, obtained stacked section, as shown in Figure 2.The normal moveout correction stacked section ratio that replaces the normal moveout correction in the traditional process and the gained that superposes with the present invention
The section of conventional process, the frequency at the 1.7s place obviously improves.
The present invention at first carries out compiling the velocity analysis conventional processing of (comprising velocity analysis) from separating to implementation data, and it is right to obtain conventional time speed, when the velocity amplitude outside the time of using time speed centering, then carries out simple linear interpolation.The velocity variations of horizontal space does not consider that all CMP use the speed of same CMP.
Calculate each the sampling time t in the self excitation and self receiving record of hypothesis at each CMP place according to step
iRecord value, get τ=20ms, m=10, n=30.
Use t '
i=t
i-m τ=t
iSpeed v (the t of-200ms
i-200ms) calculating full CMP road, to concentrate each road be t in the self excitation and self receiving time
iThe dynamic correction value at-200ms place.With this correcting value on each road this road is carried out whole time shift.Utilization FK filtering technique is subdued the lineups outside the horizontal lineups, strengthens horizontal lineups relatively.Then t
iThe record value in each road on the sampling time obtains a value and is designated as s (t according to the method stack of common stack
i, t
i-200).
Change t ' then
iBe t
i-180ms repeats above work, obtains s (t
i, t
i-180ms).
Change t '
iBe t
i-160ms repeats above work, obtains s (t
i, t
i-160ms).
......
Repeat to accomplish t ' always
i=t
i, obtain s (t
i, t
i).
Use t ' then
i=t
i+ 20ms, t
i+ 40ms ..., t
i+ 600ms repeats above work, obtains s (t
i, t
i+ 20ms), s (t
i, t
i+ 40ms) ..., s (t
i, t
i+ 600ms).
The above s (t that obtains
i, t
i-200ms), s (t
i, t
i-160ms) ..., s (t
i, t
i), s (t
i, t
i+ 20ms), s (t
i, t
i+ 40ms) ..., s (t
i, t
i+ 600ms) addition is as self excitation and self receiving t writing time that will obtain
iOn record value s (t
i).
Exceeding the record value of physical record outside the time handles by 0.