CN100556509C - A method and device for recovering fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas - Google Patents

Abstract

The method for recovering fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas provided by the present invention is: use microwave to excite industrial organic waste gas to discharge to generate atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet, and after the jet is heated by high-frequency induction and contacts with cooling cover, the jet contains The carbon ions or carbon atoms in the active state quickly lose their activity to form fine carbon powder, and at the same time, the organic waste gas is decomposed into harmless gases. The device provided by the invention is provided with an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet source, which includes a microwave source (1), a microwave deployment and monitoring system (3), a waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber (5) and a nozzle (12) mounted thereon ), microwave field compression enhancing screw (13), coupling antenna (15) and microwave anti-current structure (19); there is also a high-frequency induction heating coil (20) and a cooling cover (8) and a cooling chamber (10). collector(6). The invention can complete the decomposition and separation treatment of industrial organic waste gas and recycle fine carbon powder.

Description

A method and device for recovering fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas

technical field

The invention relates to the field of atmospheric pressure plasma application technology and industrial organic waste gas treatment, in particular to a method and device for recovering fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas by using atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet.

Background technique

Plasma is an ionized gas, composed of electrons, ions and neutral particles, which is electrically neutral macroscopically, and is called the fourth state of matter different from solids, liquids and gases. Since the beginning of mankind's understanding of plasma, it has been widely used in the fields of material processing, preparation and environmental protection. At present, atmospheric pressure plasma is generally used in the field of environmental protection, including radio frequency, arc, corona, dielectric barrier discharge, etc. Among them, the treatment effect of plasma high-temperature pyrolysis furnace is the most outstanding, which can completely decompose all solid pollutants and eliminate them. No harmful residues.

In the treatment of industrial waste gas, commonly used plasmas include corona plasma and dielectric barrier discharge plasma, but they have the disadvantages of low efficiency and poor stability. At the same time, because industrial organic waste gas often contains a large amount of highly oxidizing active free radicals such as fluorine, chlorine, and oxygen after plasma dissociation, it is difficult for existing plasma treatment technologies to efficiently recover elemental products from industrial organic waste gas.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and device for recovering fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas, so as to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art. This method can quickly deactivate the active particles in the plasma produced by industrial organic waste gas, and obtain solid products. At the same time, the device designed based on the principle of this method can well treat the industrial organic waste gas and obtain fine carbon as a by-product. pink.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme for solving its technical problem:

The present invention provides a method for recovering fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas by using atmospheric microwave plasma jets, that is: first, using microwaves with a frequency of 2.45 GHz or 0.915 GHz to excite industrial organic waste gas discharge to generate atmospheric pressure microwave plasma After the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet is heated by high-frequency induction at a frequency of 50kHz-30MHz and then contacts the cooling cover of the collector, the carbon ions or carbon atoms in the active state contained in the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet lose rapidly. Activated to form fine carbon powder, while organic waste gas is decomposed into harmless gas.

The device for recovering fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas provided by the present invention is a device for recovering fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas by using atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet, including atmospheric pressure plasma jet source, high frequency induction heating and A collector with a cooling cover, wherein: the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet source includes a microwave source, a microwave deployment and monitoring system, a waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber, and a nozzle, a microwave field compression enhancing screw, a coupling Antenna and microwave anti-current structure; high-frequency induction heating includes high-frequency induction heating coil; collector is composed of cooling cover and cooling cavity, which are processed by metal with shielding effect on microwaves, and there are loops in it. cooling medium.

Among the above components: microwaves generated by the microwave source with a frequency of 2.45 GHz or 0.915 GHz are input into the waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber after the microwave deployment and monitoring system and the quartz microwave window, and the microwave establishes a strong electric field at the nozzle connected to the coupling antenna , break down the normal-pressure microwave plasma jet produced by the discharge of industrial organic waste gas ejected from the nozzle, the normal-pressure microwave plasma jet is heated by high-frequency induction at a frequency of 50kHz-30MHz, and then interacts with the cooling cover to make the plasma jet The carbon ions or carbon atoms contained in the active state quickly lose their activity, thus forming fine carbon powder.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has beneficial effects mainly as follows: the method provided by the present invention can complete the decomposition and separation treatment of industrial organic waste gas, and can prepare fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas, and the particle size of fine carbon powder is 50nm-2μm. The device provided by the invention can well process the industrial organic waste gas according to the technical requirements, and the recovery rate of carbon in the industrial organic waste gas can reach 80%.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the device for recovering fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the structure of the waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber 5 in FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3 is an enlarged top view of the collector in Fig. 1 .

In the figure: 1. Microwave source; 2. Waveguide connecting flange; 3. Microwave allocation and monitoring system; 4. Quartz microwave window; 5. Waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber; 6. Collector; 7. Circulating coolant inlet; 8. Cooling cover; 9. Circulating coolant outlet; 10. Cooling cavity; 11. Atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet; 12. Nozzle; 13. Microwave field compression enhanced screw; 14. Microwave field compression enhanced screw telescopic adjustment knob; 15 .Coupling antenna; 16. Coupling antenna telescopic adjustment knob; 17. Industrial organic waste gas inlet; 18. Atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet outlet; 19. Microwave anti-current structure; 20. High-frequency induction heating coil.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited.

The invention provides a method for recovering fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas by utilizing atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet, specifically: firstly, using microwave to excite industrial organic waste gas discharge under atmospheric pressure to generate atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet, the normal pressure microwave plasma jet is After the pressure microwave plasma jet is heated by high-frequency induction and contacts the cooling cover of the collector, the carbon ions or carbon atoms in the active state in the jet lose their activity rapidly, thereby forming 50nm-2μm fine carbon powder, and at the same time organic The waste gas is decomposed and processed into harmless gas.

The aforementioned industrial organic waste gas may be industrial waste gas containing benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, lower aliphatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols or ketones.

The above atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet works under atmospheric pressure. The frequency of the microwave can be 2.45GHz or 0.915GHz. The frequency range of high frequency power used in high frequency induction heating is 50kHz-30MHz.

Said method provided by the present invention comprises the generation of atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet, the high-frequency induction heating of plasma jet, the contact effect of the cooling cover of plasma jet and collector, concrete steps are as follows (see Fig. 1):

a. The industrial organic waste gas is compressed and passed into the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet device, and the microwave energy is used to excite the discharge of the industrial organic waste gas to generate an atmospheric pressure plasma jet.

Specifically: compress the industrial organic waste gas and pass it into the hollow coupling antenna, spray it out from the nozzle 12, adjust the length of the microwave field compression enhancement screw 13 extending into the waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber 5 and the position of the coupling antenna 15, Adjust the microwave deployment and monitoring system 3, thereby stimulating the discharge of industrial organic waste gas and generating atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jets 11;

b. High-frequency induction heating heats the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet to increase the ionization degree of industrial organic waste gas.

Specifically, the high-frequency induction coil 20 is used to heat the atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma jet 11 .

c. After the atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma jet containing a large amount of carbon ions and carbon atoms contacts the cooling cover of the collector, the carbon ions and carbon atoms lose their activity rapidly and precipitate from the plasma to form fine carbon powder.

Specifically: after the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet 11 contacts the cooling cover 8 of the collector, the carbon ions or carbon atoms in the active state contained in the plasma jet lose their activity rapidly, thereby forming fine carbon powder, and at the same time, the industrial waste gas is decomposed Treated as a harmless gas.

The present invention provides a device for recovering fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas by using atmospheric microwave plasma jet. The structure of the device is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. Induction heating and a collector with a cooling cover, wherein: the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet source includes a microwave source 1, a microwave deployment and monitoring system 3, a waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber 5, and a nozzle 12 is installed on the waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber 5 , Microwave field compression enhancement screw 13, coupling antenna 15 and microwave anti-flow structure 19; High frequency induction heating includes high frequency induction heating coil 20; Collector 6 is made of cooling cover 8 and cooling chamber 10, cooling cover and cooling cavity are formed by microwave It is made of metal such as copper or stainless steel with shielding effect, and there is a circulating cooling medium in it. The sides of the collector are provided with a circulating coolant inlet 7 and a circulating coolant outlet 9 .

The connection relationship of the above components is: the microwave source 1 is connected to the right end of the microwave control and monitoring system 3 through a waveguide connection flange 2; the left end of the microwave control and monitoring system 3 is connected to the waveguide plasma jet reaction through another waveguide connection flange 2 The right end of cavity 5 is connected. The waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber 5 can be formed by a rectangular waveguide, for example: when the microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, use a BJ22 rectangular waveguide or BJ26 rectangular waveguide; when the microwave frequency is 0.915GHz, use a BJ9 rectangular waveguide.

The waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber 5 and the microwave control and monitoring system 3 are separated by a quartz microwave window 4 to ensure that the microwave microwave control and monitoring system 3 and the microwave source 1 are not polluted by industrial waste gas. The waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber 5 The microwave anti-current structure 19 is installed on the top, the microwave field compression enhancement screw 13 is connected with the microwave anti-current structure 19 through the microwave field compression enhancement screw telescopic adjustment knob 14, and the coupling antenna 15 is connected with the microwave anti-current structure 19 through the coupling antenna telescopic adjustment knob 16. A circular jet outlet 18 is opened on the wall of the waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber 5 opposite to the nozzle 12 .

The working relationship of the above components is: the microwave generated by the microwave source 1 is input into the waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber 5 after the microwave deployment and monitoring system 3 and the quartz microwave window 4, and the microwave field compression enhancing screw 13 extends into the waveguide plasma jet The length in the reaction chamber 5 can be adjusted by the microwave field compression enhancement screw telescopic adjustment knob 14; the position where the coupling antenna 15 extends into the waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber 5 can be adjusted by the coupling antenna telescopic adjustment knob 16, and the microwave is connected with the coupling antenna. A strong electric field is established at the connected nozzle 12, and the industrial organic waste gas discharged from the nozzle is broken down to generate an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet 11, which is heated by a high frequency induction heating coil 20 and then combined with the The cooling cover 8 acts, and the carbon ions or carbon atoms in the active state contained in the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet lose their activity rapidly, thereby forming fine carbon powder.

The circulating cooling medium can be cooling water or special refrigerant for air-conditioning equipment. When cooling water is used, the temperature range of cooling water is 5-15°C. When special refrigerant for air-conditioning equipment is used, the temperature range of refrigerant is -20-0°C.

The cover surface of the cooling cover 8 is provided with uniformly distributed ventilation holes (see FIG. 3 ). The distance between the cooling cover 8 and the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet 11 can be adjusted, which is beneficial to obtain carbon powder with different particle sizes.

The working process of the present invention is: the compressed industrial organic waste gas enters through the industrial organic waste gas inlet 17, adjusts the length of the microwave field compression enhancement screw 13 extending into the waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber 5 and the length of the coupling antenna 15 extending into the waveguide plasma jet The position in the body jet reaction chamber 5, adjust the microwave allocation and monitoring system 3, so that the industrial organic waste gas is discharged to generate the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet 11, and the high frequency induction heating coil 20 is used to heat the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet to adjust the collection The height of the collector makes the cooling cover 8 fully interact with the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet, thereby obtaining fine carbon powder in the collector.

Claims (6)

1. A method for reclaiming fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas, characterized in that it is a method for reclaiming fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas by using atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet, the method is: firstly, the frequency is 2.45GHz Or 0.915GHz microwave excites industrial organic waste gas discharge to produce atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet. The carbon ions or carbon atoms in the active state contained in the body jet lose their activity rapidly, thus forming fine carbon powder, and at the same time, the organic waste gas is decomposed into harmless gas. 2. The method for reclaiming fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: industrial organic waste gas refers to industrial waste gas containing benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, lower aliphatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols or ketones . 3. A device for recovering fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas, characterized in that it is a device for recovering fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas by using atmospheric microwave plasma jets, and the device includes an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet source , high-frequency induction heating and a collector with a cooling cover, wherein: the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet source includes a microwave source (1), a microwave deployment and monitoring system (3), a waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber (5), a waveguide plasma jet The body jet reaction chamber (5) is equipped with a nozzle (12), a microwave field compression enhancing screw (13), a coupling antenna (15) and a microwave anti-flow structure (19); the high-frequency induction heating includes a high-frequency induction heating coil (20) The collector (6) is made of a cooling cover (8) and a cooling cavity (10). The cooling cover and the cooling cavity are processed by metals with a shielding effect on microwaves, and there is a circulating cooling medium in it. Among the above components: microwaves with a frequency of 2.45 GHz or 0.915 GHz generated by the microwave source (1) are input into the waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber (5) after passing through the microwave deployment and monitoring system (3) and the quartz microwave window (4), The microwave establishes a strong electric field at the nozzle (12) connected to the coupling antenna (15), and breaks down the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet (11) produced by the discharge of industrial organic waste gas ejected from the nozzle, and the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet passes through The high-frequency induction heating coil (20) with a frequency of 50kHz-30MHz interacts with the cooling cover (8) after heating, and the carbon ions or carbon atoms in the active state contained in the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet lose their activity rapidly, thereby forming fine carbon powder . 4. The device for recovering fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas according to claim 3, characterized in that the waveguide plasma jet reaction chamber is composed of a rectangular waveguide, and when the microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, use a BJ22 rectangular waveguide or BJ26 Rectangular waveguide; the microwave frequency is 0.915GHz, use BJ9 rectangular waveguide. 5. The device for recovering fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas according to claim 3, characterized in that the circulating cooling medium adopts cooling water or a special refrigerant for air-conditioning equipment, and when cooling water is used, the temperature range of cooling water is 5-15 ℃, when the special refrigerant for air-conditioning equipment is used, the temperature range of the refrigerant is -20-0℃. 6. The device for reclaiming fine carbon powder from industrial organic waste gas according to claim 3, characterized in that the distance between the cooling cover (8) and the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet (11) is adjustable; the cover of the cooling cover There are evenly distributed ventilation holes on the surface.

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