CN100554511C - Preparation method with binary metal-base composite material of layered gradient variation - Google Patents
Preparation method with binary metal-base composite material of layered gradient variation Download PDFInfo
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- CN100554511C CN100554511C CNB2007101765509A CN200710176550A CN100554511C CN 100554511 C CN100554511 C CN 100554511C CN B2007101765509 A CNB2007101765509 A CN B2007101765509A CN 200710176550 A CN200710176550 A CN 200710176550A CN 100554511 C CN100554511 C CN 100554511C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method with binary metal-base composite material of layered gradient variation, by regulating spraying parameter: the working temperature of spray gun (1) is 50～250 ℃, the operating pressure of spray gun (1) is 0.3～0.8MPa, the translational speed of spray gun (1) is 25～50mm/s, and the distance h of the exit portal of spray gun (1) and substrate (4) is 5～20mm; The powder sending quantity of powder feeder (2) is 7～15g/min.Adopt preparation method of the present invention disposablely to prepare and have the matrix material that laminate structure distributes, and the A powder in the individual layer of matrix material, B powder, because density is different with granularity, makes the A powder be deposited on earlier on the substrate, B meal component content is continuous gradient to be changed on the deposition A powder.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method with binary metal-base composite material of layered gradient variation.
Background technology
Along with the development of science and technology and modern industrial technology, people are more and more higher to the requirement of material property.In order better to bring into play the advantage of various materials, research and preparation novel composite material have become an important branch in Materials Science and Engineering field.Gradient composites is meant that the The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of material presents graded, and the variation of this The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes can be satisfied the needs of realizing difference in functionality at the different sites of single-material device inside, thus the overall performance of optimised devices.
The method for preparing at present gradient composites has physical vaporous deposition (PVD), cosedimentation method, powder metallurgic method, centrifugal casting, roll-bonding method etc.These technologies of preparing have all promoted the development of gradient material to a certain extent, but have certain limitation.For example, physical vaporous deposition can prepare the deposited film of multilayer material easily, but the deposited film that this method only can obtain approaching, and sedimentation velocity is slow; The cosedimentation method is by control and adjusts the variation of every kind of powder sinkability in the unit time, and then obtains component successive gradient deposition body, and this method requires to select suitable dispersion agent satisfying the sedimentation demand of material, and preparation efficiency is lower; Roll-bonding method is to make metal sheet under the effect of milling train crunch, treat compound surface generation viscous deformation in double layer of metal, surface metal-layer is broken produce cleaning and the activatory metal level is realized plane metallurgical binding under the crunch effect, but need extra heavy milling train could satisfy composite demand sometimes.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of preparation method with binary metal-base composite material of layered gradient variation, this preparation method has utilized the difference of powder acceleration behavior in carrier gas stream (helium), by regulating different spraying parameters, the matrix material that makes has laminate structure, and composition is the continuous gradient variation in individual layer.
The present invention is a kind of preparation method with binary metal-base composite material of layered gradient variation, includes following preparation steps:
The first step: preparation starting material
Utilize sizing screen screening A powder, B powder, acquisition A powder, B powder have the particle diameter difference of 10～40 μ m; Then A powder, B powder are carried out mechanically mixing evenly after, in 50～85 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens, make starting material behind dry 30～120min;
Second step: the binary metal-base composite material of spraying preparative layer shape graded
The starting material that the first step is obtained are put into the powder feeder 2 of spraying equipment, regulate spraying parameter, make to have the binary metal-base composite material that layered gradient changes under 18～25 ℃ of room temperatures;
Spraying parameter is: the working temperature of spray gun 1 is 50～250 ℃, and the operating pressure of spray gun 1 is 0.3～0.8MPa, and the translational speed of spray gun 1 is 25～50mm/s, and the distance h of the exit portal of spray gun 1 and substrate 4 is 5～20mm; The powder sending quantity of powder feeder 2 is 7～15g/min.
Described A powder is 1: 1.5～4 with the ratio of the density of B powder.
Preparation method's of the present invention advantage: (1) can disposablely prepare has the matrix material that laminate structure distributes; (2) A powder, the B powder in the individual layer of matrix material (first composite bed 7) because density is different with granularity, makes the A powder be deposited on earlier on the substrate, and B meal component content is continuous gradient to be changed on the deposition A powder; (3) spraying simple in production process operation, the operation controlled, Composite Preparation efficient height; (4) thickness of the layered gradient matrix material prepared of the present invention can change by the control spraying number of plies.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the spraying coating process synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the cross section structure synoptic diagram that adopts the matrix material that the inventive method makes.
Fig. 3 has the Al-Fe matrix material cross section metallograph that layered gradient changes.
Fig. 4 has the Al-Ti matrix material cross section metallograph that layered gradient changes.
Among the figure: 1. spray gun 2. powder feeders 3. starting material 4. substrates 5. rich aluminium lamination 6. rich B material layer 7. first composite bed
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
See also shown in Figure 2ly, of the present invention what have that binary metal-base composite material that layered gradient changes contact with substrate 4 is rich aluminium lamination 5 (being rich A material layer), is rich B material layer 6 on the rich aluminium lamination, rich aluminium lamination 5 and rich B material layer 6 composition first composite bed 7.
The present invention is a kind of preparation method with binary metal-base composite material of layered gradient variation, includes following preparation steps:
The first step: preparation starting material
Utilize sizing screen screening A powder, B powder, acquisition A powder, B powder have the particle diameter difference of 10～40 μ m; Then A powder, B powder are carried out mechanically mixing evenly after, in 50～85 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens, make starting material behind dry 30～120min;
Second step: the binary metal-base composite material of spraying preparative layer shape graded
The starting material that the first step is obtained are put into the powder feeder 2 of spraying equipment, regulate spraying parameter, make to have the binary metal-base composite material that layered gradient changes under 18～25 ℃ of room temperatures;
Spraying parameter is: the working temperature of spray gun 1 is 50～250 ℃, and the operating pressure of spray gun 1 is 0.3～0.8MPa, and the translational speed of spray gun 1 is 25～50mm/s, and the distance h of the exit portal of spray gun 1 and substrate 4 is 5～20mm; The powder sending quantity of powder feeder 2 is 7～15g/min.
In preparation during matrix material of the present invention, see also shown in Figure 1ly, will spray desired raw material according to the material difference of sprayed coating and put into powder feeder 2, regulate the distance h of spray gun 1 and substrate 4 then.Spraying used carrier gas is helium.
To cut along the cross section through the binary metal-base composite material that aforesaid method makes, and pair cross-section polishes polished finish and obtains smooth cross section; With mixing solutions smooth cross section is corroded then, be beneficial to metallographicobservation (opticmicroscope).Described mixing solutions is that to contain volume fraction in deionized water be 4% hydrofluoric acid and 2% nitric acid.
Embodiment 1:System Al-Fe matrix material
The first step: preparation starting material
Choose the aluminium powder that median size is 10 μ m (A powder), choose the iron powder that median size is 40 μ m (B powder), the density of aluminium powder is 2.70g/cm
3, the density of iron powder is 7.86g/cm
3
Then aluminium powder, iron powder are carried out mechanically mixing evenly after, in 85 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens, make starting material behind the dry 30min;
Second step: the Al-Fe matrix material of spraying preparative layer shape graded
The starting material that the first step is obtained are put into the powder feeder 2 of spraying equipment, regulate spraying parameter, make to have the binary metal-base composite material that layered gradient changes under 25 ℃ of room temperatures;
Spraying parameter is: the working temperature of spray gun 1 is 200 ℃, and the operating pressure of spray gun 1 is 0.8MPa, and the translational speed of spray gun 1 is 50mm/s, and the distance h of the exit portal of spray gun 1 and substrate 4 is 13mm; The powder sending quantity of powder feeder 2 is 12g/min.
The Al-Fe matrix material that makes is cut along the cross section, and pair cross-section polishes polished finish and obtains smooth cross section; With mixing solutions smooth cross section is corroded then, be beneficial to metallographicobservation.Described mixing solutions is that to contain volume fraction in deionized water be 4% hydrofluoric acid and 2% nitric acid.
Metallographicobservation is carried out in cross section after adopting opticmicroscope to corrosion, and referring to shown in Figure 3, among the figure, the Al-Fe matrix material is laminate structure and distributes, and material has tangible rich Al layer and rich Fe layer in individual layer, and this two-layer between the composition continuous transition.
Embodiment 2:System Al-Ti matrix material
The first step: preparation starting material
Choose the aluminium powder that median size is 20 μ m (A powder), choose the titanium valve that median size is 60 μ m (B powder), the density of aluminium powder is 2.70g/cm
3, the density of titanium valve is 4.54g/cm
3
Then aluminium powder, titanium valve are carried out mechanically mixing evenly after, in 50 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens, make starting material behind the dry 120min;
Second step: the Al-Ti matrix material of spraying preparative layer shape graded
The starting material that the first step is obtained are put into the powder feeder 2 of spraying equipment, regulate spraying parameter, make to have the binary metal-base composite material that layered gradient changes under 18 ℃ of room temperatures;
Spraying parameter is: the working temperature of spray gun 1 is 100 ℃, and the operating pressure of spray gun 1 is 0.35MPa, and the translational speed of spray gun 1 is 25mm/s, and the distance h of the exit portal of spray gun 1 and substrate 4 is 6mm; The powder sending quantity of powder feeder 2 is 7g/min.
The Al-Ti matrix material that makes is cut along the cross section, and pair cross-section polishes polished finish and obtains smooth cross section; With mixing solutions smooth cross section is corroded then, be beneficial to metallographicobservation.Described mixing solutions is that to contain volume fraction in deionized water be 4% hydrofluoric acid and 2% nitric acid.
Metallographicobservation is carried out in cross section after adopting opticmicroscope to corrosion, and referring to shown in Figure 4, among the figure, the Al-Ti matrix material is laminate structure and distributes, and material has tangible rich Al layer and rich Ti layer in individual layer, and this two-layer between the composition continuous transition.
Adopt the preparation method identical with embodiment 1, with the listed different densities of following table and the powder preparing matrix material of particle diameter, opticmicroscope carries out metallographicobservation to the cross section after corroding, matrix material is laminate structure and distributes, and material has tangible rich A material layer (rich Al layer) and rich B material layer in individual layer, and this two-layer between composition the continuous transition variation characteristic is arranged.
| System | Density (g/cm 3) | Particle diameter (μ m) |
| Al-Cu | 2.70 8.96 | 10 30 |
| Al-Ni | 2.70 8.90 | 10 30 |
| Al-Co | 2.70 8.9 | 10 40 |
| Al-Cr | 2.70 7.19 | 20 50 |
| Al-Mn | 2.70 7.43 | 10 50 |
Claims (3)
1, a kind of preparation method with binary metal-base composite material of layered gradient variation is characterized in that including following preparation steps:
The first step: preparation starting material
Utilize sizing screen screening A powder, B powder, acquisition A powder, B powder have the particle diameter difference of 10～40 μ m; Then A powder, B powder are carried out mechanically mixing evenly after, in 50～85 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens, make starting material behind dry 30～120min;
Second step: the binary metal-base composite material of spraying preparative layer shape graded
The starting material that the first step is obtained are put into the powder feeder (2) of spraying equipment, regulate spraying parameter, make to have the binary metal-base composite material that layered gradient changes under 18～25 ℃ of room temperatures;
Spraying parameter is: the working temperature of spray gun (1) is 50～250 ℃, and the operating pressure of spray gun (1) is 0.3～0.8MPa, and the translational speed of spray gun (1) is 25～50mm/s, and the distance h of the exit portal of spray gun (1) and substrate (4) is 5～20mm; The powder sending quantity of powder feeder (2) is 7～15g/min.
2, the preparation method of binary metal-base composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the A powder is 1 with the ratio of the density of B powder: (1.5～4), and the A powder is an aluminium powder.
3, the preparation method of binary metal-base composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A powder, B powder composition in individual layer are the continuous gradient variation in the matrix material that makes.
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