CN100553695C - 外科手术用精确流体输送系统和方法 - Google Patents

外科手术用精确流体输送系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN100553695C
CN100553695C CNB2004800172394A CN200480017239A CN100553695C CN 100553695 C CN100553695 C CN 100553695C CN B2004800172394 A CNB2004800172394 A CN B2004800172394A CN 200480017239 A CN200480017239 A CN 200480017239A CN 100553695 C CN100553695 C CN 100553695C
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W·W·西米诺
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Abstract

一种在外科环境中使用并迅速和精确地输送无菌流体的系统包括:(1)应变仪传感器;(2)连接于应变仪传感器的流体容器,使应变仪传感器可以测量流体容器的重量,并且不时地产生与流体和容器重量成正比的电气输出;(3)用于从容器抽送流体的泵系统,并且具有可以在30毫升/分钟到1000毫升/分钟范围内调节速度控制;(4)一组连接于流体源的无菌管路组并且通过泵系统,输送流体到外科环境(即病人或可植入设备);(5)用于不时地处理来自应变仪电气输出的处理器以便确定输送到外科环境的流体容量;和(6)用于显示输送到外科装置的流体容量的显示器。

Description

外科手术用精确流体输送系统和方法
技术领域
本发明一般涉及流体输送系统,并更具体地涉及在整容外科中使用的精确流体输送系统,其中要求相对较大容量无菌流体迅速和精确输送。
背景技术
在一般外科手术中经常遇到显著容量的血液和其它身体液体的损失,它们必须为康复和治疗而补充替换。已经有一些粗略的规则或者“经验规则”估计消除流体损失及其容量和规定用于替换流体的性质。一般地说,这些流体,诸如血液或血浆,是在手术中和在手术后治疗中通过静脉输送到病人。流体利用重力从抬高的容器中通过管路和植入的针头进行输送。这些“点滴”系统有意地设计成为缓慢地输送流体进入病人。指示在容器(即透明或半透明的塑料“袋”)中相应流体水平的容量标记用来估计给予病人的流体容量。
整容外科经常为其它原因而需要进入病人的流体给予量。在此采用的“整容外科”涉及侵入性手术,用来至少部分地改进病人的外貌。例如,吸脂术涉及除去多余的脂肪组织以便改进病人的外貌并且通常包括健康。在吸脂中脂肪组织较佳地借助于超声外科仪器从其它组织上分离,并且分离出的组织定时地从病人身上利用抽吸作用除去。在手术过程中,在不同时间上,盐水“润湿”溶液被注入病人的脂肪组织,以便协助从邻近组织上冲洗分离的组织,和减轻由于超声设备的操作对于邻近组织的损害。润湿溶液可能包含某些药物添加剂,诸如为血管约束的肾上腺素或抑制痛楚的利多卡因。
精确是重要的;外科医生需要精确地知道已经插入多少流体和已经取出多少以便准确地执行任何吸脂手术。精确的容量信息也有助于保证在邻近身体部分实施外科手术之处的对称性和比例关系。为避免延长手术时间和提供所要求的最后结果,高度希望外科医生能够迅速地以精确的容量输送流体到正在“雕刻”的身体区域。
相似地,外科手术经常包括插入设备,例如塑料胸部植入物或临时上胶器,其中充满按照要求容量的无菌流体。再说,高度希望外科医生能够迅速地以精确的容量输入流体。当前用来注入植入物或上胶器的标准手术反复地使用注射器注射并监控适当容量的流体。这样的过程非常缓慢。
当前可供采用的流体输送系统不能充分达到这些目标。典型地采用的“点滴”方法给予药物或输送其它流体对于上述类型的外科手术过分缓慢并且不够精确。还有,它们不能产生足够压力使润湿溶液浸输在脂肪组织中。以上所述类型的外科手术将不适当地延长时间并且病人将承受不当的外伤,如果采用“点滴”系统输送流体。点滴系统也不能提供关于输送流体到病人的精确容量信息。为提供更精确的信息,设计出一种“在线”系统,在其运送流体的管路中设置一个桨轮。一个红外线装置“数出”桨轮由于流体通过而旋转的转数,并且由计算机综合在一段时间内的信息以便用外推法算出已经分配流体的容量。这样的系统缺乏所要求的精度。他们也在曾无菌流体中放置直接与其接触的机械装置,例如桨轮,从而造成不必要的污染前景。也曾经企图利用以编码器为基础的计数器以便算出驱动输送流体的蠕动泵头部马达的转数,计算机综合总转数和估计每转中注射的容量以便计算所输送流体的总共容量。由于在泵的速度范围内有显著的精度变化,这些系统也不能提供所要求的精度。
相应地,需要一种流体输送系统,它能够迅速地以精确的容量提供无菌流体,以便在医疗手术中使用,特别在整容外科中使用。
具体地说,本发明目的是提供在外科环境中使用的流体输送系统,它能够在10毫升到5000毫升范围内任何容量上具有+/-1毫升的精度。此外本发明目的是提供在外科环境中使用的流体输送系统,它能够迅速地在30毫升/分钟到1000毫升/分钟之间的速率下输送流体。这样的系统特别需要并且适合于在吸脂手术中和在灌注植入物或在可植入胸部植入物的手术中输送润湿溶液。
发明内容
已经发现诸如无菌流体的流体可以利用流体重量的直接测量和泵及其管路组迅速和精确地输送到病人中或注入可植入设备。性能和精度可利用定容量泵和利用不可膨胀材料的管路组提高。
已经发现,在本发明一个实施例中,在外科环境中可接受的流体输送系统包括(1)应变仪传感器;(2)连接于应变仪传感器的流体容器,使应变仪传感器可以测量流体容器的重量,并且不时地产生与流体和容器重量成正比的电气输出;(3)用于从容器抽送流体的泵系统,并且具有可以在30毫升/分钟到1000毫升/分钟范围内的调节速度控制;(4)一组连接于流体源的无菌管路组并且通过泵系统,输送流体到外科环境(即病人或可植入设备);(5)用于不时地处理来自应变仪电气输出的处理器,以便确定输送到外科环境的流体量;和(6)用于显示输送到外科装置的流体量的显示器。较佳地,管路组设计用来消除在泵系统产生压力下的扩张以便改进系统精度和显示信息。
利用该系统和方法,当以30到1000毫升/分钟的速率输送流体时,在所关心任何要求容量上获得+/-1毫升的读数。
附图说明
图1为本发明中一个实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明指向在外科环境中以非常精密方式迅速输送相对较大容量的流体。所关心的流体容量一般大于10毫升并且可能高达3000到5000毫升,视解剖位置而定。为在吸脂手术中精确地输送润湿溶液到病人组织,所关心的容量可以从100毫升到5000毫升。灌输速率可以从100毫升/分钟到大约600毫升/分钟,虽然也可以采用较快或较慢的速率。为精确和迅速地注入盐水胸部植入物和上胶器,所关心的容量典型地从100到500毫升。
已经发现,可以提供一种能够迅速地输送外科用途流体的流体输送系统,其测量精度在要求关心的容量上大约为+/-1毫升。这样的系统利用随着时间精确测量流体源的重量,即随着流体从来源输送。这远优于传统方法,其中所输送流体的容量隐含在流体流动的标记中(如以前提及)并随着时间而综合获得流动流体的总共流量。本发明的系统也可以采用流体抽送装置,它能够定容量地从流体源输送流体到病人中。最后,本发明系统也可以采用用于从流体源输送流体到病人的管路组,它具有足够的完整性,使管路不能在流体泵装置产生的压力下扩张。虽然管路应该有足够的柔性,以便较容易地连接到设备上,但是不应该显著地扩张或膨胀。这样,由应变仪测量的重量损失反映出流入病人或植入装置的流体运动,而不是由于管路膨胀而引起在管路组中的流体增加量。
具体地说,已经发现,利用应变仪测量一袋无菌流体随着时间的重量(质量)可提供足够的精度测量袋中流体的损失,如在外科应用(诸如以前指出的整容外科手术)中所要求的。实际上,这样的系统已经能够在100毫升到3000毫升之间的任何容量上获得+/-1毫升的读数。适合于本发明中使用的应变仪包括带有约10磅极限和5伏特激励的装置,诸如康涅狄格州,斯坦福德市,Omega工程公司制造的LC703-10。流体容器可以悬挂或由应变仪连接或支承,以便获得精确的重量测量。用于悬挂流体袋的简单挂钩系统已经足够。
应变仪提供与流体源(即,流体和容器)重量成正比的电子信号。可以采用简单的应变仪显示器处理来自应变仪的电子信号输出,并且在校准以后显示流体源当前的重量。可以采用更加复杂带有适当储存器容量的应变仪,使其显示更加详细的信息,例如显示在不同时间或顺序中输送的流体容量,这些有助于执行吸脂手术的外科医生监控润湿溶液的注射和替换抽出的流体。在任何情况下,应该采用适当的处理和显示能力以便转换来自应变仪的电子信号并显示其为精确的重量或容量。由加利福尼亚州Vista的Texmate Inc.制造的DI50-E-PSI-IS01型应变仪就是这样的设备。较佳地,显示器具有复位按钮,当按下时可以使显示归于零位。
此外,十分希望采用可以定容地从流体源转移流体到病人的流体抽送装置。例如,已经发现,蠕动泵系统,即一种定容式排量泵设计,可以用来迅速地输送流体,并且在速度方面进行调节,以便在不同速率上输送流体。一般地说,希望泵能够在大约30毫升/分钟到1000毫升/分钟范围内在一种或多种速率上提供流体。为外科医生的方便,十分希望在该范围内所有区域或某些区域中速率完全可以变化,以便流体可以按照外科医生执行过程中的阶段较快或较慢地提供。至少希望外科医生应该至少具有几个可选方案在流量速率方面提供变化。应该着重指出,流量速率并不影响流体运动的测量精度,因为流体运动不是从泵的活动得到,而是从流体损失得到,也就是从流体源的重量获得。定容式排量泵,较佳为蠕动泵,最为有效,可以导致流体精确地移动并且容易地调节速度。使用这样的泵可保证由应变仪测量其重量,并且同时从流体源移动流体和输送到其需要的地点。
最后,希望本发明的系统包括用于从流体源到病人输送流体的管路组,它具有足够的整体性而使管路在泵的压力下不致显著地扩张。管路组由聚氯乙烯(即PVC)构成,并在其端部具有适当的适配器和壁厚,以便从流体源传送流体到病人时不发生过分的扩张,这样可保证从袋中抽出的流体确实地输送到病人或植入物。例如,具有内直径为3/16英寸和外直径为5/16英寸的PVC管子将良好地胜任工作。
图1示意地描述本发明的一种实施例,其中,流体输送系统10用来对正在进行吸脂手术的病人50提供润湿溶液。流体源包括容器20和流体30并悬挂在应变仪40上,而应变仪本身又悬挂在通常的立柱41上,该立柱一般可在医院中找到用于悬挂血液袋和类似的流体源。同样方式,本发明的容器20也可以是一次性的塑料袋,预先包装成为含有规定容量的无菌溶液30。在所描述的实施例中,预先包装润湿溶液的一次性塑料袋为一个含有1000毫升无菌盐水的塑料袋,可以从众多医药供应商获得。
流体30利用蠕动泵35从容器20运送到病人50。在所阐明的特定系统中,该泵为一台Watson Marlow设计的、313D2型泵,可以从马萨诸塞州Washington的Watson Marlow Bordel Inc.获得。泵通过管路组31和32各自连接到流体源和外科仪器(未示)。管路组32由
Figure C20048001723900071
(Norton Company of Worcester,Massachusetts的注册商标)牌号的聚氯乙烯制成。其它牌号的PVC管子同样可使用。
泵35连接到控制器36上,该控制器可以调节泵系统的速度。在该系统中,泵马达和控制器由加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的Oriental Motor USA Corp.制造,型号为AXU425。如此,外科医生可以采用控制器控制从供应来源到病人的流体流动速率。
最后,应变仪40以电子方式通过电线42连接到处理单元43和显示器44。
本发明的新颖特征在所附权利要求并借助于本说明书及附图列出。对于本行业熟练人士十分明显对本应用中披露的特定方案还可以采用其它替代方案,并且均处于所附权利要求精神和范围以内。

Claims (9)

1.一种在整容外科手术中使用的精确输送无菌流体的系统,包括:
应变仪传感器;
无菌流体容器,连接到应变仪传感器,使应变仪传感器不时地产生与流体和容器重量成正比的电气输出;
泵,从容器抽送流体并且具有可调节速度控制,以便输送在30毫升/分钟到1000毫升/分钟范围内的流体;
无菌管路组,连接到流体源和泵,以便在外科手术中用于输送无菌流体;
处理器,用于不时地处理从应变仪传感器来的电气输出,以便确定输送到外科手术的流体量;和
显示器,用于显示在外科手术中输送的流体量。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,整容外科手术为由吸脂术和注入胸部植入物或上胶器组成的集合中的一项。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,泵为蠕动泵。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,显示器包括复位按钮,当按下时可以使显示器归零。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,管路组由聚氯乙烯制成。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,显示器以重量或容量显示流体的量。
7.如权利要求2所述的系统,其特征在于,泵为蠕动泵。
8.如权利要求2所述的系统,其特征在于,管路组由聚氯乙烯制成。
9.如权利要求2所述的系统,其特征在于,显示器以重量或容量显示流体的量。
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