CN100551041C - 在网际协议电视系统中平滑频道改变的系统和方法 - Google Patents

在网际协议电视系统中平滑频道改变的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN100551041C
CN100551041C CNB2006101089060A CN200610108906A CN100551041C CN 100551041 C CN100551041 C CN 100551041C CN B2006101089060 A CNB2006101089060 A CN B2006101089060A CN 200610108906 A CN200610108906 A CN 200610108906A CN 100551041 C CN100551041 C CN 100551041C
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唐纳德·P·兹里尼
弗雷德里克·斯库格
莫里斯·尼尔·兰塞姆
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    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
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    • H04N21/438Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving encoded video stream packets from an IP network
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/23424Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving splicing one content stream with another content stream, e.g. for inserting or substituting an advertisement
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/438Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving encoded video stream packets from an IP network
    • H04N21/4383Accessing a communication channel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/44Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/44016Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs involving splicing one content stream with another content stream, e.g. for substituting a video clip
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/44Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs
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    • H04N21/462Content or additional data management, e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end, controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabilities
    • H04N21/4622Retrieving content or additional data from different sources, e.g. from a broadcast channel and the Internet
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
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    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/41Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
    • H04N21/426Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof

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Abstract

描述了一种在网际协议电视(“IPTV”)系统中实现频道改变的系统和方法。在一个实施例中,该方法包括步骤:响应于频道改变请求,对所请求频道的视频流进行解码和显示,其中所显示的视频流的分辨率质量低于正常的分辨率质量;将所显示的视频流的分辨率质量提高增量R;以及在该提高之后,判断所显示的视频流的分辨率质量是否等于正常的分辨率质量,并响应于否定的判断结果而重复该提高和判断。

Description

在网际协议电视系统中平滑频道改变的系统和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请公开的主题涉及在以下共同所有、共同未决的专利申请中所公开的主题:(i)以Frederick H.Skoog的名义于2005年8月16日提交的申请号为11/204,441、律师存档号为1285-0168US的“SYSTEMANDMETHOD FOR IMPLEMENTING CHANNEL CHANGE OPERATIONSIN INTERNET PROTOCOL TELEVISION SYSTEMS”(在网际协议电视系统中实现频道改变操作的系统和方法),在此通过引用的方式包含其内容。
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及网际协议电视(“IPTV”)系统。更特别地,并且不作为任何限制,本发明针对一种用于对响应于在这种系统中的频道改变而发生的视频显示的转换进行平滑的系统和方法。
背景技术
IPTV已经成为使用诸如DSL(数字用户线)之类的宽带连接、基于网际协议将电视信号和/或视频信号分发给订户的系统的共同点。一般而言,IPTV系统使用通过宽带连接(例如DSL)发送的数字广播信号和编程有软件的机顶盒(“STB”),该软件能够处理关于经由连接到STB的电视来访问媒体资源的订户请求。STB中的解码器处理对接收到的IP视频信号进行解码并将其变换为用于在电视上显示的标准电视信号的任务。
由于DSL是带宽受限的媒介,因此在IPTV网络中改变频道必需在能够完成频道改变的速度与紧接在频道改变请求之后呈现给订户的视频质量之间进行折中。所提出的用于在IPTV系统中减少响应于频道改变请求的频道转换时间的一种方法是紧接在选择新的频道之后切换到用于新的频道的具有较高I-帧速率的较低分辨率、较低带宽的视频流(“伴随视频流”)达一个较短的时间段。这使得STB可以更迅速地在TV(电视)上显示新的频道。一旦在STB处出现足够的正常(即较高分辨率、较高带宽)视频流,则终止对伴随视频流的显示并显示正常视频流。这会得到比在显示新选择的频道之前等待足够的关于正常流的信息更好的观看体验。
前述解决方案中所固有的缺点是,在从伴随视频流到正常视频流的转换期间所显示的视频图像的锐度(sharpness)中存在可察觉的“闪烁”(snap)。这种闪烁是不期望的,原因是这种闪烁同样是对视频订户/观众的一种刺激。
发明内容
因此,在此给出了一种用于在IPTV系统中对响应于频道改变而发生的视频转换进行平滑的方法和系统。
一个实施例是一种在网际协议电视(“IPTV”)系统中实现频道改变的方法。该方法包括步骤:响应于频道改变请求,对所请求频道的视频流进行解码和显示,其中所显示的视频流的分辨率质量低于正常的分辨率质量;将所显示的视频流的分辨率质量提高增量R;以及在该提高之后,判断所显示的视频流的分辨率质量是否等于正常的分辨率质量,并响应于否定的判断结果而重复该提高和判断。
另一个实施例是一种用于在网际协议电视(“IPTV”)网络中实现频道改变的系统。该系统包括:响应于频道改变请求而对所请求频道的视频流进行解码和显示的装置,其中所显示的视频流的分辨率质量低于正常的分辨率质量;用于将所显示的视频流的分辨率质量提高增量R的装置;以及用于判断所显示的视频流的已提高的分辨率质量是否等于正常分辨率质量并用于响应于否定的判断结果而重复该提高和判断的装置。
另一个实施例是一种用于在网际协议电视(“IPTV”)系统中响应于频道改变请求实现频道改变的机顶盒,该机顶盒能够访问用于所请求频道的正常视频流以及伴随视频流。该机顶盒包括:解码器,其用于对用以在与该机顶盒相关联的电视上显示的伴随视频流进行解码;用于响应于接收到足够量的正常视频流而使得解码器将所显示的视频流的分辨率质量提高增量R的装置;以及用于判断所显示的视频流的已提高的分辨率质量是否等于正常视频流的分辨率质量并用于响应于否定的判断结果而重复该提高和判断的装置。
附图说明
通过参考结合附图的以下详细描述,可以具有对本发明的更全面的理解,在附图中:
图1描述了根据一个实施例的IPTV系统的系统框图;
图2A描述了响应于频道改变请求的现有技术的视频分辨率转换的定时图;
图2B描述了根据一个实施例的响应于频道改变请求的视频分辨率转换的定时图;以及
图3描述了用于实现图2B中所描述的视频分辨率转换的实施例的操作的流程图。
具体实施方式
现在将参考关于如何最好地进行和使用本发明的各种实例来描述本发明的实施例。贯穿说明书和附图的多个视图而使用相同参考标号来表示相同或相应的部分,其中各单元不一定是按比例绘制的。
图1是根据一个实施例的IPTV网络100的系统框图。如图1所示,广播视频源(BVS)102经由吉比特以太网(“GigE”)连接103连接到包括数字用户线接入复用器(“DSLAM”)104的接入网。BVS 102执行多描述编码;也就是说,其为可用于供订户选择的多个广播频道中的每个广播频道进行正常视频流以及相应的伴随视频流编码。经由GigE连接103将由BVS 102编码的所有视频流提供给DSLAM 104。DSLAM104的作用是将诸如DSL调制解调器106之类的一个或多个DSL调制解调器连接到连接103。
一般而言,IPTV采用通过宽带连接(例如DSL)发送的数字广播信号和诸如STB 108之类的STB。STB 108编程有软件指令108a,该软件指令108a可由CPU(中央处理单元)108b执行,以便处理关于访问媒体资源的订户请求并控制对STB 108的组件的操作。STB 108还包括用于对接收到的IP视频流进行解码的解码器108c以及一个或多个外围设备108d。电视(“TV”)110连接到STB 108。将认识到,可以将STB108实现为独立的单元或者可以将其集成到TV 110中。如上所述,STB108处理对接收到的IP视频信号进行解码并将其变换为用于在TV 110上显示的标准电视信号的任务。
频道改变是响应于TV观众例如通过使用与STB 108相关联的遥控器112选择要在TV 110上显示的新的广播频道而出现的一种功能。将认识到,STB 108响应于频道改变请求的第一操作是向DSLAM 104发送离开包括当前正在观看的频道的IP多播组的第一控制消息。这一动作使得用于当前频道的视频流不再进入用于相关联的STB 108的DSL接入设备。同时,STB 108向DSLAM 104发出加入包括新选择的频道以及其相关联的较低分辨率的伴随视频流的IP多播组的控制消息。在接收到加入控制消息后,DSLAM 104将该订户加入到用于新选择的频道的广播组对。
图2A是示出现有技术的在IPTV系统中响应于频道改变请求而从对应于伴随视频流的减小的视频分辨率到对应于正常视频流的正常视频分辨率的转换的曲线图。如图2A所示,在点202处的频道改变请求之后,第一转换204对应于从在点202处不显示视频(即正常视频质量的0%)到在点206处显示伴随视频流的转换。将认识到,尽管在所示出的实施例中,将伴随视频流的质量示出为正常视频流的质量的大约10%,但伴随视频流的质量可以在正常视频流质量的5%至75%的范围内,这依赖于所希望的结果和其他限制。
在时间段208之后,当在解码器108c处有足够的信息可用于完全重构正常视频流时,到100%的正常视频分辨率的急剧转换210在点211处开始并在点212处完成,即在大约100ms内完成。
图2B是示出根据一个实施例的在IPTV系统中响应于频道改变请求而从对应于伴随视频流的减小的视频分辨率到对应于正常视频流的正常视频分辨率的转换的曲线图。如图2B所示,在点222处的频道改变请求之后,第一转换224对应于从在点222处不显示视频(即正常视频质量的0%)到在点226处显示伴随视频流的转换。将认识到,尽管在所示出的实施例中,将伴随视频流的质量示出为正常视频流的质量的大约10%,但伴随视频流的质量可以在正常视频流质量的5%至75%的范围内,这依赖于所希望的结果和其他限制。
在时间段228之后,当在解码器108c处有足够的信息可用于重构正常视频流时,到100%的正常视频分辨率的更长、更不迅速的转换230在点231处开始并在点232处完成,例如在大约900ms或在其附近之内完成。将认识到,图2B中示出的更平滑的转换230将比图2A中示出的急剧的转换210更少地刺激到TV观众。
图3是示出用以实施如图2B所示的平滑转换230的STB 108的操作的流程图。在步骤300中,检测到频道改变请求。在步骤301中,STB发送离开多播组消息以终止当前频道,并发送加入多播组消息以开始显示所请求的频道。在步骤302中,STB从不显示视频转换到显示与新请求的频道相关联的伴随视频流。在步骤304中,进行是否已经在解码器108c处接收到足够量的正常视频流的判断。如果还没有在解码器108c处接收到足够量的正常视频流,则执行停留在步骤304处,直到得到了肯定的判断结果时为止,在得到肯定的判断结果时执行前进到步骤306。
在步骤306中,解码器108c将在TV 110上显示的视频的分辨率提高预定的量R(例如R=正常分辨率的5%),从而如果伴随视频流是正常分辨率的10%,则5%的增加会得到为正常分辨率的15%的视频流。在步骤308中,进行关于视频显示是否在期望的分辨率级别(例如正常视频流质量的100%)上的判断。如果视频显示在期望的分辨率级别上,则执行在步骤310终止;否则,在步骤312中,进行关于从步骤306的执行开始是否已经过去了预定时间段t的判断。如果从步骤306的执行开始还没有过去预定时间段t,则执行停留在步骤312处,直到得到肯定的判断结果时为止,在得到肯定的判断结果时执行返回到步骤306。以这种方式,逐渐提高TV上所显示的视频的分辨率,使得其对于TV观众来说几乎察觉不到。
将认识到,更小的t和更大的R将导致从减小的分辨率到正常分辨率的更平滑的转换;然而,这也会加长进行转换所需的时间量。因此,显然,需要在考虑到这些问题的情况下选择t和R的值。此外,基于每个应用,这些参数可以是固定的或可调整的,以得到期望的视觉结果。
在此描述的实施例的一个优点是其消除了在IPTV系统中紧接在频道改变请求之后发生的视频分辨率的明显的、视觉上打扰的“闪烁”。
可以确信,根据以上给出的详细描述,本发明的操作和构造是明确的。尽管已经将所示出和描述的本发明的示例性实施例描述为优选的,但应当容易理解,在不偏离所附权利要求中所给出的本发明范围的情况下,可以在其中进行各种改变和修改。

Claims (9)

1.一种在网际协议电视系统中实现频道改变的方法,所述方法包括步骤:
响应于从当前频道到所请求频道的频道改变请求,对所请求频道的视频流进行解码和显示,其中所显示的视频流的分辨率质量低于正常的分辨率质量;
响应于接收到足够量的正常视频流将所述所显示的视频流的分辨率质量提高增量R;以及
在所述提高之后,判断所述所显示的视频流的分辨率质量是否等于所述正常的分辨率质量,并响应于否定的判断结果而重复所述提高和判断,
其中同时接收属于所请求的频道的两个不同的视频流,其中一个是具有所述正常分辨率的正常视频流,另一个是与所述正常视频流相比分辨率较低且带宽较低的伴随视频流,并且在从所述当前频道改变到所请求频道后、在提高所述分辨率质量之前,显示所述伴随视频流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括在执行所述提高之后,在执行所述判断之前,等待时间段t。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中t的值是可调整的。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中t的值是固定的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中R的值是可调整的。
6.一种用于在网际协议电视系统中响应于从当前频道到所请求频道的频道改变请求实现频道改变的机顶盒,所述机顶盒能够访问用于所请求频道的正常视频流以及伴随视频流,所述机顶盒包括:
解码器,其用于对所请求频道的伴随视频流进行解码以便显示;
用于响应于接收到足够量的正常视频流而使得所述解码器将所显示的视频流的分辨率质量提高增量R的装置;以及
用于判断所述所显示的视频流的经提高后的分辨率质量是否等于所述正常视频流的分辨率质量并用于响应于否定的判断结果而重复所述提高和判断的装置,
其中所述解码器用于同时接收属于所请求的频道的两个不同的视频流,其中一个是具有所述正常分辨率的正常视频流,另一个是与所述正常视频流相比分辨率较低且带宽较低的伴随视频流,并且在从所述当前频道改变到所请求频道后、在提高所述分辨率质量之前,所述解码器解码所述伴随视频流以便显示。
7.根据权利要求6所述的机顶盒,还包括用于在执行所述提高之后,在执行所述判断之前,等待时间段t的装置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的机顶盒,其中t的值是可调整的。
9.根据权利要求7所述的机顶盒,其中t的值是固定的。
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