CN100543919C - Repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator - Google Patents
Repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN100543919C CN100543919C CNB200710017567XA CN200710017567A CN100543919C CN 100543919 C CN100543919 C CN 100543919C CN B200710017567X A CNB200710017567X A CN B200710017567XA CN 200710017567 A CN200710017567 A CN 200710017567A CN 100543919 C CN100543919 C CN 100543919C
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Abstract
A kind of repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator, diode of the present invention is to be made of fixed support tube and the socket of sliding support tube part, connects with sylphon seal therebetween, and is axially arranged with grooved rail at belled position, the outside is with the rotation urceolus again, can drive the sliding support tube and move along grooved rail; Be provided with cathode connecting bar in the chamber on the axis, its front end is the negative electrode target; Be provided with conical seal ring at the diode cavity internal fixation cavity is divided into chamber, initial vacuum and back oil pocket; In the preceding outer end of diode anode assemblies is housed fixedly.The present invention is the structure of diode design one-tenth activity, solved the technical barriers such as stability, diode vacuum seal, the moving fixed axiality that supports, online flexible of power supply; Do not destroying under the vacuum prerequisite, realizing flexible adjustment aspect ratio, setting up current measurement probe; But have structure repetition rate or single operation flexibly, and pulse duration, intensity, the continuously adjustable advantage of power spectrum, remedied the prior art deficiency, for the development and Application of novel fast-response detector, set up fast pulse hard X ray measurement standard, the research of diode physical mechanism and pulse ray dynamic imaging technology desirable radiation field is provided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the improvement of repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray source structure, specifically is the improvement of vacuum electron beam diode structure, relates to the pulse power applied technical field.
Background technology
The vacuum electron beam diode is a kind of device that produces the pulse hard X ray, its structural principle is: the repetition rate fast pulse voltage of stable performance is added between the diode anode and cathode, cathode target surface outgoing electron bundle, accelerated motion is to plate target under the impulse electric field effect, by collision and radiation switching energy, produce the fast pulse hard X ray radiation field of characteristic X-ray and bremsspectrum mutual superposition, the running frequency of pulse voltage, voltage parameter and stability thereof are mainly by impulse power electrical source control, and parameters such as the power spectrum of ray and intensity are by the structural parameters decision of diode.
But the fast pulse hard X ray generator of good stability repetition rate operation has important effect in fields such as the demarcation time response of pulse radionetric survey system and radiant images.Devices such as existing market four-function radiation gauge on sale, portable flash X-ray detector, single millimicrosecond pulse generator all can produce the fast signal of nanosecond order, it mostly is above pulse of nanosecond (fast inadequately), has that single operation, stability are bad, operational mode and an inflexible defective of radiation field parameter adjustment; The pulse that the minority device produces also can reach magnitude of subnanosecond.At the four-function radiation gauge of producing with Russia aspect the fast pulse hard X ray generator is representative, its operation principle is: produce the pulse power by the marx generator and drive three independently passages, the diode that each passage is furnished with fixed structure produces the pulse hard X ray, the fast pulse voltage width of preceding two passages output is respectively the X-radiation field of 2ns, 150ps, and another passage can produce the characteristic X-ray that pulse duration is 0.2ns.Though this equipment can produce the fast pulse hard X ray, its energy storage time is long, and diode structure fixes, is difficult to change the cathode targets material, can't regulate the diode aspect ratio, does not have the current monitoring means, and the flexibility and the stability of radiation field operation are also bad.These defectives can't satisfy application such as fast-response detector demarcation to stable, the parameter demand of the fast pulse hard X ray radiation field of control flexibly.
Be that conventional mninidiode is difficult to set up effective current monitoring means in addition.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention designs a kind of repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator exactly, make it have structure flexibly, parameters such as operating voltage that can online adjustment generator, pulsewidth, aspect ratio, thereby obtain stable nanosecond, the picopulse hard X ray radiation field of flexible operation, for the fast-response detector of pulse radionetric survey is demarcated, set up fast pulse hard X ray pattern field, and application such as fast pulse radionetric survey technical research provides suitable fast pulse hard X ray radiation field.
Repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator of the present invention needs to realize that the diode structure aspect ratio is adjustable flexibly, the technical goal that solves this bascule and vacuum-packed contradiction and beam stability and set up the current monitoring probe.The present invention becomes radial insulation type diode with diode design, is guaranteeing under the principle of impedance matching, puts forth effort to solve the technical barrier of electric insulation, vacuum seal, fast electronics emission, fast voltage and current measurement.
The concrete technical scheme of repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator of the present invention is as follows:
1) cavity of described diode is to be made of fixed support tube and the socket of sliding support tube part, between two parts, connect with sylphon seal, guarantee the sliding support tube on the fixed support tube, slide in the diode vacuum unaffected, and connect the position at fixed support tube and sliding support jacket casing and be axially arranged with grooved rail, when guaranteeing to slide the inner/outer tube electrode axially with one heart; Outside at diode is with the rotation urceolus again, and 50 Ω impedance matchings and not destroying under the vacuum condition in transmission can drive the sliding support tube by the rotation urceolus and move along set grooved rail, realize the online adjustment of aspect ratio; Described fixed support tube is terminal to be connected and fixed with diode base connecting ring, in the diode cavity, be provided with cathode connecting bar on the axis, the front end of cathode connecting bar is the negative electrode target, between cathode connecting bar and fixed support tube inwall, be set with conical seal ring cavity is divided into former and later two chambeies, ante-chamber is a vacuum chamber, and back cavity is an oil pocket; (the preceding outer end of sliding support tube) device has anode assemblies, and fixes with the anode trim ring in the preceding outer end of described diode.Wherein anode assemblies is respectively anode film (target) from the inside to the outside, supports floral disc, vacuum seal film.Being tightly connected of described bellows can be connected with sylphon seal with preceding briquetting on the sliding support tube by the back briquetting on the fixed support tube.The conductive reed of described sliding support tube end is the outer paliform of opening, to guarantee the electric conductivity between two support tubes.In whole erection, to guarantee the concentric and oil seal of axis, and the electric insulation of junction and vacuum seal.The used vacuum system of diode vacuum chamber of the present invention adopts the technical method of this area routine.
2) set up diode operational monitoring probe, realize the real-time measurement of nanosecond to subnanosecond level high voltage, pulse heavy current, it requires, and measuring probe has that response is fast, big, the anti-electromagnetic interference of attenuation multiple and bigger characteristics such as signal to noise ratio.The present invention adopts differential ring the diode running status to be monitored as voltage probe as current probe, umbellate form capacitor voltage divider; Two probe radial symmetric are installed in the sliding support barrel front end, are positioned at the terminal upright position of cathode taps; Wherein the bare front end of current measurement probe guarantees to install the coupling that does not influence transmission line 50 Ω impedances in the groove of sliding support tube inwall, reduces the distributed constant of measuring simultaneously as far as possible; The thin electrode of the umbrella shape capacitor voltage divider of voltage measurement probe covers on sliding support tube inwall, and output links to each other with oscilloscope.
3) in order to set up needed radiation field, the fast pulse power power-supply that the present invention selects is except that requiring transmission line output impedance coupling and its interface and diode Interface Matching, and also should possess: pulse voltage amplitude is adjustable between the hundreds of kilovolt; The pulse voltage half-breadth is adjustable continuously between 0.75～4.5ns; Single and repetitive frequency pulsed operation can be provided; Pulse power is not less than 1GW.
The operation principle of the repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator of the present invention's design is: the adjustable pulse voltage of pulsewidth, amplitude, repetition rate that power supply produces is added on the diode, form electric field between the diode anode and cathode, negative electrode penetrates the electron beam target practice and produces X ray; The present invention by rotating the rotation urceolus of diode, drives the sliding support tube by leading screw and endwisely slips on the fixed support tube under the prerequisite of not destroying vacuum, and online adjustment diode aspect ratio makes pulsed X-ray energy and intensity online adjustable.The radiation field of its generation has realized that control is flexible, important parameters such as the upper limit of ray energy, power spectrum, intensity, pulsewidth adjustable flexibly.
The present invention and small portable flash X-ray detector and four-function radiation gauge are that the prior art of representative is compared, and are all having made marked progress aspect radiation field performance parameter, diode structure parameter and the mninidiode parameter measurement three, show following several respects:
1. the aspect ratio of diode is adjustable flexibly, control precision is high, thereby can realize the online adjustment of the intensity and the power spectrum of hard X ray radiation field, and target material is easy to change.And existing art designs becomes a sealing whole, is not easy to aspect ratio adjusting and target and changes, and be difficult to after the vacuum breaking recover.
2. electric current, voltage monitoring means in the diode vacuum chamber of compactness, have been set up, disturbance with electric field simultaneously drops to minimum, solved high voltage, fast signal measuring probe can not break away from the difficult problem that system under test (SUT) is demarcated separately, set up and perfect diode voltage, electric current operational monitoring means.
3. the radiation field that hard X ray generator of the present invention is produced has the following advantages: the frequency that reruns is adjustable between 1～100pps, and can move by single; Single fast pulse hard X ray width is adjustable continuously between 660ps～4.5ns, and has certain intensity, can satisfy the requirement that existing fast-response probe is demarcated; The generator good stability, available its set up the pattern field of fast pulse hard X ray radiation field, is used for Research on Measuring Technology.The parameter of repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator of the present invention and existing fast pulse hard X ray generator relatively sees the following form:
The present invention becomes unique bascule with diode design, technical barriers such as the stability, diode vacuum seal of power supply, the moving fixed axiality that supports, online flexible have been solved, realized not destroying under the vacuum prerequisite, adjust the aspect ratio of diode flexibly, monitoring to diode simultaneously is equipped with current measurement probe, but creatively set up structure flexibly repetition rate or single operation, and pulse duration, intensity, continuously adjustable nanosecond of power spectrum are to the fast pulse hard X ray generator of picosecond magnitude.Remedied the deficiency of existing fast pulse hard X ray generator, for the development and the application of novel fast-response detector, set up fast pulse hard X ray measurement standard, further carry out research of diode physical mechanism and pulse ray dynamic imaging technology desirable radiation field is provided.
Accompanying drawing and explanation thereof
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of the designed repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator of the present invention, and 1 is oil pocket among the figure, and 2 is (base) connecting ring, 3 is cathode connecting bar, and 4 is briquetting behind the bellows, and 5 is sealing ring, 6 is the fixed support tube, and 7 is bellows, and 8 are the rotation urceolus, 9 is vacuum chamber, and 10 is briquetting before the bellows, and 11 is the negative electrode target, 12 is the sliding support tube, and 13 is current measurement probe, and 14 is the anode trim ring, 15 is anode assemblies, and 16 are the voltage measurement probe, and 17 is retaining collar.
The experimental result of accompanying drawing 2,3,4 has confirmed the x ray generator operational excellence that the present invention sets up, and possesses certain monitoring means is arranged, and can obtain the radiation field of stable performance, specifically respectively schemes as follows:
The time spectrum curve chart of electric current, voltage and X ray that accompanying drawing 2 moves under subnanosecond pulse for hard X ray generator of the present invention.From top to bottom, article one curve (label 5) is the time response curve of fast detector (pulsewidth 725ps, trailing edge 329ps) to the radiation field X ray among the figure; Second curve (label 4) is the time response curve of the detector of forward position 1.18ns to the radiation field X ray; Article three, curve (label 1) is the differential current curve of monitoring; Article four, curve (label 7) is the voltage curve of monitoring.Preceding two curves are the radiation field time spectrum, calculate and learn that device can produce the pulse hard X ray radiation field that the forward position is 337ps, and back two curves show that diode operation is good at this moment, and working voltage is 185kV, and the pulse voltage forward position is 428ps.
Accompanying drawing 3 is hard X ray generator of the present invention current/voltage monitoring curve under the operation of nanosecond pulse operating mode.From top to bottom, article one curve is the current curve that the 3rd curve (differential current that measures) obtains through the oscilloscope integration among the figure, and second is the voltage waveform of generator operation, shows peak impulse voltage 250kV, half-breadth 4.5ns among the figure.
Accompanying drawing 4 is to detect hard X ray generator of the present invention under crest voltage 250kV, pulsewidth 2.5ns operating mode with thermoluminescent dosemeter, during the single pulse operation, (0 angle) apart from the dosage field distribution curve of plate target core different distance, 2cm place, test shows x-ray source surface dosage is 20mGy.
When accompanying drawing 5 is a hard X ray generator of the present invention according to the operating mode operation of Fig. 2, get the statistic curve of 12 subpulse differential currents, voltage parameter.Being voltage waveform above, is the differential current curve below.Measurement result shows: to measure differential current, the voltage curve spectrum shape of single operation similar in the present invention under same operating mode, and the curve amplitude fluctuations is little.Prove hard X ray generator good operation stability of the present invention, can satisfy the demarcation needs of the fast-response detector of pulse radionetric survey.
Embodiment
Describe the execution mode of fast pulse hard X ray generator of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Comprise the selection and the requirement of part material, and part such as installation, debugging, operation.
By the requirement of above technical scheme, the present invention can select the repetitive frequency pulsed power power-supply of Tesla type of compact conformation, and its power is the 1GW magnitude, and the output impedance of power transmission line is 50 Ω, interface and diode Interface Matching; The pulse voltage width is adjustable between 0.74～4.5ns, and crest voltage is adjustable between 100～250kV, can single, 1pps, 2pps, 10pps and the operation of 100pps repetition rate, and good operation stability, volume 0.5 * 0.5 * 1.1m
3, gross weight 100kg.
Bellows of the present invention can be selected the high-quality red copper of wall thickness more than 1.5mm, its internal diameter and fixed support tube external diameter coupling, and length is greater than 50mm; Cathode connecting bar and preceding briquetting brass, the sealing ring polymethyl methacrylate, cathode targets can be with high-purity hard graphite or velvet, and plate target can be selected metal tantalum or tungsten for use, and the anode seal film adopts titanium or the beryllium of 20 μ m, and except that probe, other parts are processed with stainless steel material.Current/voltage probe radially is installed in sliding support tube front end as shown in Figure 1, and with the electrical connector coupling of impedance 50 Ω, withstand voltage 1000V; The probe outer end is fixed on the sliding support cylindrical shell with the silk mouth, adopts vacuum compound to fill the gap, guarantees the vacuum requirement.The matrix front end core print of voltage divider is welded on thin electrode (covering copper sheet) surface, guarantees that solder joint is smooth, covers copper sheet and covers at the sliding support tube inner surface with conducting resinl; The matrix front end core print of differential ring is exposed in the groove (wide 3mm, high 3mm, long 12mm) of sliding support tube inwall setting, curves level and smooth elliposoidal, and probe is terminal fixedly to be welded on the sliding support cylindrical shell, guarantees that core print contacts with the good of sliding support tube.The selection of probe and installation can not influence the principle of transmission line impedance coupling.The processing of the conductive reed of sliding support tube end is outer paliform of opening, guarantees the electric conductivity between two support tubes.
Press the structure shown in the accompanying drawing 1, installation process of the present invention is as follows:
The first step with each parts wiped clean, is loaded onto the collar (front and back briquetting) on bellows both sides, evenly widens bell then, and back briquetting band bellows is screwed on the fixed support tube, realizes vacuum seal.
In second step, probe is installed, and the wire column heart yearn is penetrated the aperture of sliding support tube reservation and is welded on electrode surface, and the capacitor voltage divider electrode slice is covered on sliding support tube inwall with conducting resinl, guarantees surfacing.Differential ring heart yearn exposed in the sliding support tube inboard wall groove is curved the Ω shape, welding ground connection.Carry out two vacuum seals of probe on the sliding support tube.Mounted measuring probe is constituted the loop with transmission line and 50 Ω dummy loads, respectively the current/voltage probe of being adorned is demarcated with 2ns, the 5ns pulse power and 50ns square wave power.
The 3rd step, on the sliding support tube,, the sliding support tube is inserted in the fixed support tube along the rail groove with screw thread socket retaining collar, compress bellows, then bellows and preceding briquetting are connected and fixed by bolt and the sliding support tube of reserving, realize vacuum seal; The rotation urceolus is enclosed within outside the fixed support tube of adorning bellows, will rotates urceolus again and retaining collar is connected as a single entity with screw.
The 4th step with pack into rear end (conehead forward) in the fixed support tube of polymethyl methacrylate sealing ring (0 type circle is housed), tightened the base connecting ring and compresses sealing ring, and cathode connecting bar is inserted in the sealing ring, screwed on the negative electrode target then; Plate target is placed sliding support tube front end face, press anode floral disc and anode seal film, the outside screws anode assemblies with the anode trim ring.
The 5th step connected vacuum system, checked that (require in 15 minutes, vacuum reaches 10 to vacuum degree
-3About Pa), then the base connecting ring is connected with bolt with power interface, the system that finishes installs.Install the long 125mm of the whole generating apparatus in back, diameter 90mm, the about 5kg of total weight.
The on-line debugging process is as follows: by transmission line power supply and diode are coupled together, simultaneously vacuum system is linked to each other with diode, the waveform that the operation conditions of monitor diode obtains is seen accompanying drawing 2, adopt the time and the dosage situation of microchannel photomultiplier monitoring X-ray beam, see accompanying drawing 2,3,4, the data of getting generator operation 12 times reflect its stability, see accompanying drawing 5, show its stability among the figure better.
The operation implementation step of repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator of the present invention is:
The first step, the working voltage of selection power supply.Finish experiments of measuring layout and energising, adjust the main switch gap of the repetitive frequency pulsed power source of Tesla type, the control puncture voltage is adjustable continuously in 100kV～250kV, monitors working voltage with capacitor voltage divider;
Second step, the operation pulsewidth of selection power supply.By adjusting the gap of gases at high pressure switch, front and back that can paired pulses are along carrying out steepness, and the pulse voltage half-breadth is adjustable continuously between 0.75～4.5ns;
In the 3rd step, the pulse mode of selection power supply by time-base circuit and SCR control in parallel, realizes the repetition stable operation of power supply, and repetition rate is adjustable at 1pps～100pps;
The 4th step by the rotation urceolus, drove the sliding support tube by the retaining collar internal thread and slides vertically, and sliding distance can accurately measure by the urceolus rotating cycle.The plate target external diameter is Φ 17mm, and aspect ratio can be adjustable continuously between 0.5～0.05, selects suitable aspect ratio; Reach 6 * 10 in vacuum degree
-3When Pa is following, starting impulse power supply, diode and X-radiation field, monitoring parameter begins test.
Test result is referring to accompanying drawing 2～5: repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator of the present invention, can obtain single or repetitive frequency pulsed hard X ray radiation field, diode can be exported crest voltage at adjustable continuously between 100～250kV, half-breadth continuously adjustable pulsed X-ray between 660ps～4.5ns, and the intensity and the power spectrum of output can onlinely be adjusted; The current/voltage of 12 operations monitoring waveform from accompanying drawing 5, the flexibility of stability of the present invention and operation is greatly improved than prior art, is that other fast pulse hard X ray generator is incomparable.The present invention in the development and the application of novel fast-response detector, set up pulse hard X ray measurement standard, carry out technical fields such as research of diode physical mechanism and pulsed X-ray dynamic imaging application promise in clinical practice is arranged.
Claims (5)
1. repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator, be to constitute by diode and with the fast pulse power power-supply of its Interface Matching, it is characterized in that, the cavity of described diode is to be made of fixed support tube and the socket of sliding support tube part, between two parts, connect, and connect the position at fixed support tube and sliding support jacket casing and be axially arranged with grooved rail with sylphon seal; Outside at diode is with the rotation urceolus again, and the rotation urceolus can drive the sliding support tube and move along set grooved rail; Described fixed support tube is terminal to be connected and fixed with the base connecting ring, in the diode cavity, be provided with cathode connecting bar on the axis, the front end of cathode connecting bar is the negative electrode target, between cathode connecting bar and fixed support tube inwall, be set with conical seal ring cavity is divided into former and later two chambeies, ante-chamber is a vacuum chamber, and back cavity is an oil pocket; Be provided with anode assemblies in the preceding outer end of described diode, and fix with the anode trim ring.
2. x ray generator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, at the front end edge of described sliding support tube in the radial direction, be symmetrically installed with differential ring current probe and umbellate form capacitor voltage divider voltage probe, two probe front ends are positioned at diode cavity and vertical with negative electrode target end; Wherein the bare front end of current probe is in the groove of sliding support tube inwall, and the thin electrode of the umbrella shape capacitor voltage divider of voltage probe covers on sliding support tube inwall, and the output of two probes links to each other with oscilloscope.
3. x ray generator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fast pulse power power-supply should possess: pulse voltage amplitude is adjustable continuously between 100～250KV, the pulse voltage half-breadth is adjustable continuously between 0.75～4.5ns, single and repetitive frequency pulsed operation can be provided, and pulse power is not less than 1GW.
4. x ray generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, being tightly connected of described bellows is to be connected with sylphon seal with preceding briquetting on the sliding support tube by the back briquetting on the fixed support tube.
5. x ray generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the conductive reed of described sliding support tube end is the outer paliform of opening.
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| CNB200710017567XA CN100543919C (en) | 2007-03-27 | 2007-03-27 | Repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator |
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| CN102062867B (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-08-08 | 马长征 | Simple, convenient and accurate device and method for vertically and horizontally adjusting three-dimensional scanning of radiation field |
| JP2013098168A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-20 | Gamc Biotec Development Co Ltd | Transmission type x-ray tube and reflection type x-ray tube |
| CN102867728B (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2015-07-15 | 电子科技大学 | Windowing quick-response X ray detection diode |
| CN103077875B (en) * | 2012-12-29 | 2016-04-13 | 西北核技术研究所 | A kind of high current little focal spot long-life vacuum diode |
| CN103413744B (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2016-03-09 | 西北核技术研究所 | A kind of Cascade-stage-type electron beam diode |
| JP6394486B2 (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2018-09-26 | 株式会社島津製作所 | X-ray generator |
| CN105203912A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2015-12-30 | 西安浩能电气科技有限公司 | Steep front edge index repeat pulse generating device used for generator rotor inter-turn short circuit |
| CN108322982A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-07-24 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Ferroelectric Explosive electricity transducing impulse generator, flash X-ray generation device and method |
| CN111190217B (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2022-08-02 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Transmission band-pass type radiation flow detector |
| CN111246648A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-06-05 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Coaxial multi-pulse output driving mechanism |
| CN114665658B (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-06-16 | 西北核技术研究所 | Multi-path high-voltage pulse output rotating device and assembling method thereof |
| CN116271577B (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-11-14 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Flash X-ray radiation tumor treatment device based on repetition frequency induction accelerator and application thereof |
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