CN103077875B - A kind of high current little focal spot long-life vacuum diode - Google Patents
A kind of high current little focal spot long-life vacuum diode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high current little focal spot long-life vacuum diode, diode original in repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator is transformed, the structure and material of activity cathode and anode assemblies is improved, cathode taps selects tungsten-nickel-copper alloy material, be seated on dynamic support, the protruding taper hole structure that inwardly tapers off to a point for electron emission and and X ray collimate, plate target selects metal tantalum material, is fixed on copper core by screw thread.The wherein improvement of conical ring type cathode construction, is conducive to controlling outgoing plasma radius, is convenient to obtain dense plasma, meets electron beam and transport middle self-pinch condition, forms submillimeter bundle spot, meets the detailed-oriented imaging requirements in Pulse Imageing field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is the electron beam diode invented on repetitive frequency pulsed power power-supply basis, for generation of high current little focal spot pulse hard X ray, belongs to Pulse Power Techniques application.
Background technology
In recent years, little focal spot impulse radiation imaging technique is because its transient radiation is strong, exposure time is short, imaging process is subject to the features such as environmental radiation interference is little, irradiated object radioactive dose is controlled to become the development trend of radiographic imaging arts just gradually.Compared with the current stable state X-ray machine (current technique index is generally 50 μ A ~ 100mA) being widely used in radiographic imaging arts, it has outstanding advantage at following numerous areas:
(1) can unique effect be played in military affairs, anti-terrorism and national defense industry field, comprise weapons and ammunitions occupied state and detect, nuclear material analysis and identification, radioactivity object image checking etc.Such as aerospace field requires extremely strict to electronic device/features/components quality and assembly reliability, Pulse Imageing technology can provide quality/state-detection after high-resolution electronic devices and components fluoroscopic examination and assembled;
(2) special role can be played in clinical diagnose.A) breast pre-cancer detects, in well-known breast cancer clinical diagnosis with control, if focal size is found at below 1mm, resection operation is adopted to cure very soon, not entail dangers to patient vitals, impulse radiation imaging technique can be used for realizing submillimeter image checking; B) medical science fluoroscopic examination, adopt pulse image enhaucament formula perspective imaging technology greatly can reduce the absorption accumulated dose of patient in testing process, the extremely short time for exposure can reduce in rotine exposure simultaneously, and due to illness human organs is wriggled the artifact brought;
(3) in the structural analyses such as artifact, ancient building and woodenware/furniture and qualification field, moveable high-resolution pulsed X-ray imaging technique, many-sided characteristic informations such as the structure of article, inner composition and material quality can be obtained, for academic research or false proof discriminating.
Domestic and international many research institutions adopt the current techique of anode rod constriction to develop little focal spot imaging technique, Cygnus as the U.S. develops a stylobate in the twin shaft spark photograph device of the scene of induced voltage superimposer (IVA) and anode rod pinch diode provided (RPD) technology application, domestic many units have also carried out large quantifier elimination at this, establish relevant apparatus.But such device ubiquity is bulky, only can single run shortcoming, the application needs of motorization, repetitive operation cannot be met, be difficult to realize small movable.The repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator (patent No.: ZL200710017567.X) of Xibei Nuclear Techn Inst's development has high current, short pulse, vehicularized feature, but due to its deficiency existed in following several respects:
1) the transmission-type target piece structure of its anode film, support floral disc and vacuum seal film composition, is difficult to realize long-life and the operation of withstand high effects density;
2) cathode and anode assemblies structure does not meet constriction condition, and its X-ray beam is that 4 π launch, and cannot meet the imaging requirements that becomes more meticulous;
3) bellows two ends are connected by crimping mode, when regulating the spacing of plate target and cathode target, being difficult to long term maintenance vacuum degree, making it be not suitable for being applied to Pulse Imageing field.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks on repetitive frequency pulsed power power-supply basis, set up a kind of X-ray generator and high current little focal spot long-life vacuum diode, obtain the pulse hard X ray radiation field that beam intensity is large, pulse duration is narrow, beam focal spot is little, to be applied to the mobile pulse x-ray source imaging technique of submillimeter spatial discrimination.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of high current little focal spot long-life vacuum diode, its special character is:
Comprise urceolus 5, be arranged on the flange 1 of urceolus 5 one end, the pressure ring 12 being arranged on urceolus 5 other end and sealing baffle 1, the inner core being arranged on urceolus 5, the cathode and anode assemblies be arranged in inner core;
Described inner core comprises and arranges that tubular supports 2 surely, tubular moves support 10, bellows 3; Describedly surely support 2 and to be arranged in urceolus 5 and to be connected with flange 1, described dynamic support 10 to be arranged in urceolus 5 and to be connected with pressure ring 12, described bellows 3 be arranged in the cavity determined between support 2 and dynamic support 10 and urceolus 5 and two ends respectively with determine support and dynamic support is tightly connected, describedly surely support 2, dynamic support 10, bellows 3, form radial vacuum seal bascule between cathode and anode assemblies;
Described cathode and anode assemblies comprises obturating cup 4, copper core 6, metal anode target 7, cathode taps 13; The large end of described obturating cup is tightly connected with the medial surface surely supporting 2, and its small end is connected with copper core 6 end part seal, and it is interior and sealed by pressure ring 12 and sealing baffle 11 and be pressed on dynamic support 10 outer face that described cathode taps 13 is arranged on dynamic support 10; Described plate target 7 is electrically connected with copper core 6 end and between obturating cup 4 small end and cathode taps 13;
Described dynamic support 10 sidewall is provided with and vacuumizes interface 9.
Above-mentioned cathode taps 13 is that anode target direction tapers off to a point protruding taper hole structure.
Above-mentioned taper hole aperture 1 ~ 5mm.
Above-mentioned dynamic support 10 sidewall is also provided with the current detecting interface for placing current monitoring probe 8.
Above-mentioned cathode taps 13 selects tungsten-nickel-copper alloy material; Described plate target 7 selects metal tantalum material; Described obturating cup 4 and sealing baffle 11 select pmma material.
Advantage of the present invention:
The present invention transforms diode original in repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator, while making the features such as it is large in reservation beam intensity, the burst length is short, reproducible and motorization, also possess the feature of miniature focal spot, long service live, meet motorization Pulse Imageing application requirement.It has the following advantages:
1, miniature focal spot:
Adjust the polarity of pulse power supply and improve voltage, to export positive high voltage, being convenient to diode operation, being conducive to diode electronic line self-pinch;
The structure and material of activity cathode and anode assemblies is improved, cathode taps 13 selects tungsten-nickel-copper alloy material, be seated in dynamic support 10, the protruding taper hole structure that inwardly tapers off to a point for electron emission and and X ray collimate, plate target 7 selects metal tantalum material, is fixed on copper core 6 by screw thread.The wherein improvement of conical ring type cathode construction, is conducive to controlling outgoing plasma radius, is convenient to obtain dense plasma, meets electron beam and transport middle self-pinch condition, forms submillimeter bundle spot, meets the detailed-oriented imaging requirements in Pulse Imageing field.
2, long service live:
Calculated and physical Design by theoretical modeling, the Structure of the cathode and the anode of diode is improved, to form outer transmission line be negative electrode and transmission line heart yearn is the polymorphic structure of anode, be convenient to diode operation under scattering target pattern, make up the problem of transmission target plate target restricted lifetime, long-time stability deficiency, diode service life is brought up to by 100,000 subpulses and is not less than 1,000 ten thousand subpulses, for its real world applications provides the foundation.
3, X-ray energy is exported strong:
Exchanged by anode and cathode, the plate target of diode changes scattering target (electronic target direction is contrary with X ray exit direction) into by transmission target, and improve plant running voltage, contribute to improving exit Xray energy and intensity, overcome thin plate target ablation impact bundle spot stability simultaneously, realize long-life operation.1m place peak value fluence can reach 2.07 × 10
16(cm
-2s
-1), pulse number of photons can reach 10
12, can produce and export energy density tens J/cm
2super-hard X-ray, meet the strong demand of stream of high density, large item Pulse Imageing.
4, applied range:
Cathode target and anode head all have interchangeability, can be processed into the various structures of different pore size or diameter.
5, be conducive to remaining on line vacuum:
Axial vacuum hermetically-sealed construction of the present invention is transformed.Bellows 3 two ends of diode of the present invention directly with surely supports 2 and dynamic support 10 weld, eliminate intermediate link, be more conducive under the adjustment of maintenance diode aspect ratio at line vacuum.
Accompanying drawing and explanation
Fig. 1 is little focal spot long-life vacuum diode structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Reference numeral is: 1-flange; 2-supports surely; 3-bellows; 4-obturating cup; 5-urceolus; 6-copper core; 7-plate target; 8-current monitoring is popped one's head in; 9-vacuumizes interface; 10-is dynamic to be supported; 11-sealing baffle; 12-pressure ring; 13-cathode taps.
Embodiment
A kind of high current little focal spot long-life vacuum diode, comprises urceolus 5, is arranged on the flange 1 of urceolus 5 one end, the pressure ring 12 being arranged on urceolus 5 other end and sealing baffle 1, the inner core being arranged on urceolus 5, the cathode and anode assemblies be arranged in inner core; Inner core comprises and arranges that tubular supports 2 surely, tubular moves support 10, bellows 3; Surely support 2 to be arranged in urceolus 5 and to be connected with flange 1, dynamic support 10 to be arranged in urceolus 5 and to be connected with pressure ring 12, bellows 3 be arranged in the cavity determined between support 2 and dynamic support 10 and urceolus 5 and two ends respectively with determine support and dynamic support is tightly connected, surely support 2, dynamic support 10, bellows 3, form radial vacuum seal bascule between cathode and anode assemblies; Cathode and anode assemblies comprises obturating cup 4, copper core 6, metal anode target 7, cathode taps 13; The large end of obturating cup is tightly connected with the medial surface surely supporting 2, and its small end is connected with copper core 6 end part seal, and it is interior and sealed by pressure ring 12 and sealing baffle 11 and be pressed on dynamic support 10 outer face that cathode taps 13 is arranged on dynamic support 10; Plate target 7 is electrically connected with copper core 6 end and between obturating cup 4 small end and cathode taps 13; Dynamic support 10 sidewall is provided with and vacuumizes interface 9.Cathode taps 13 is that anode target direction tapers off to a point protruding taper hole structure, taper hole aperture 1 ~ 5mm.Dynamic support 10 sidewall is provided with the current detecting interface for placing current monitoring probe 8.Cathode taps 13 selects tungsten-nickel-copper alloy material; Plate target 7 selects metal tantalum material; Obturating cup 4 and sealing baffle 11 select pmma material.
The principle of the invention:
High current of the present invention little focal spot long-life vacuum diode is on the basis of repeat frequency fast pulse hard x-ray generator (patent No.: ZL200710017567.X) mentioned above, adopt the cathode and anode assemblies of high current negative electrode self-pinch technology to former diode to transform, the X ray making it produce has the features such as beam intensity is large, pulse duration is narrow, beam focal spot is little.Its operation principle is described below: the Quick impulse voltage that pulse power drive source produces, be carried between diode anode and cathode, order about diode taper metal cold negative electrode outgoing electron, form the cathode plasma starting from field emission explosive emission finally, the electronics of cathode zone bombards thick metal tantalum target under the acceleration of impulse electric field, thus produces pulsed X-ray.In the implementation of its little focal spot, first by the bundle spot of small cathode emission face restriction outgoing electron, be convenient to form dense particle flux.Then, when electron beam is in anode transport process, when its beam current density reaches critical self-pinch condition, self-pinch can be produced, reduce the beam spot size of target practice further, the focal spot realizing hard pulse X ray is microminiaturized, simultaneously complexed metal anode and cathode material and structural design, and the implement device long-life is run.In the enforcement of whole high current little focal spot long-life vacuum diode, comprise each parts Material selec-tion and processing, the installation of diode, and debugging, run a few part, concrete is described below:
In development process, bellows 3 selects high-quality, wall thickness in the stainless steel of more than 1.5mm or red copper as material, its internal diameter with surely support external diameter and mate; Obturating cup 4 and sealing baffle 11 material selection polymethyl methacrylate, cathode taps 13 tungsten-nickel-copper alloy, its taper hole aperture is optional selects between 1 ~ 5mm, plate target 7 metal tantalum, and other parts stainless steel material except probe processes.Diode meets the principle of whole Impedance Matching on Transmission Line in design, processing and installation process as far as possible.
Installation process of the present invention and former diode basically identical, mainly have any different at the tool for mounting of cathode taps 13, be described in detail as follows:
The first step, by each parts wiped clean, fixed support leaves bevel for welding with dynamic support, after both assemble by guide key groove, welds respectively with the two ends of bellows, forms radial vacuum seal bascule, screws in urceolus;
Second step, current monitoring probe is installed, and carries out probe and moves the vacuum seal between supporting;
3rd step, after obturating cup radially loading prepares O shape circle, to be enclosed within copper core light section and to compress, then plate target be installed and screw screw thread, after three assembles one, entirety loading is fixed supports in heavy hole, rely on flange obturating cup to be pressed on determine on the reducing table top of support, flange with fixed be supported by seal with O ring, bolt is fixed;
4th step, utilize aid that cathode taps is loaded in dynamic support, dynamic brace groove put into by O shape circle, put baffle plate and pressured ring with dynamic supports fixing after compress, realize axial vacuum and seal.
5th step, is connected diode with transmission line, forms pulsed X-ray generator, vacuum system is connected, check that (within requiring 15 minutes, vacuum reaches 10 to vacuum degree with other auxiliary entirety such as pulse power drive source and gases at high pressure switch
-3about Pa), current monitoring probe is connected with oscilloscope.
Debugging, the operation implementation step of little focal spot long-life vacuum diode of the present invention are:
The first step, after being connected, filling transformer oil in the oil pocket that obturating cup, copper core and calmly supporting etc. forms, guarantees do not have bubble, open vacuum system, make diode vacuum chamber internal gas pressure be down to 10 with system communications line
-3below Pa;
Second step, unbalanced pulse hard X ray generator and measuring system, experimentally require to select different voltage, pulsewidth (regulating impulse power power-supply and gases at high pressure switch), diode negative and positive gap is regulated by rotating urceolus, select suitable aspect ratio, by guaranteeing that system temperature runs at line current, voltage monitoring system;
3rd step, the focal spot of X ray is measured.According to pin-hole imaging principle, the ray that Pulsed Xray source produces, be imaged onto on intensifying screen after pinhole device is amplified, X ray and scintillator interact, transmitted intensity image is converted into corresponding visible images, again after mirror-reflection and camera lens coupling, carry out IMAQ by CCD camera, outputted in computer by optical fiber and carry out subsequent treatment.
For little focal spot long-life vacuum diode of the present invention, rule of thumb formulae discovery electron beam self-magnetic field constriction condition and critical pinch current, derivation is as follows:
Under the theory of relativity condition, the radius of gyration that electronics makes larmor's precession in homogeneous constant magnetic field is:
Wherein
For the relativistic factor of electronics, v
⊥for electronics is perpendicular to the movement rate of the magnetic line of force, B is magnetic flux density, and v is the total movement rate of electronics, m
efor electron mass, e is electron charge, and c is the light velocity, U
dfor accelerator voltage.
For the electronics moved in electron beam self-magnetic field, get
v
⊥=v（3）
B=B
b=μ
0I
b/(2πr
c)（4）
I
b=Nev
z（5）
N=v(4πε
0c
2)/e
2（6）
In formula, v
zfor the axial motion speed of electronics, N is the electron number in unit length, and v is the electron number in classical electron radius length.Substitution formula (1) obtains it and draws your radius of mill to be:
As a rough judgment criterion, can think: when electron beam move in magnetic field draw your radius of mill to be less than diode cathode and anode spacing time, there is constriction by starting in electron beam.This constriction formula of illegally occupying can be written as
r
L≤d（8）
Suppose electric current radius r
cfor 2mm, when anode and cathode gap is 2mm, the average energy of electronics is 140keV, then have:
Be updated to
Critical self-pinch electric current is in the case 6.8kA.Diode of the present invention is in operation, and electric current can reach 8kA(and be greater than critical pinch current), can self-pinch be realized, can suitably increase anode and cathode gap to reach the object reducing pinch current simultaneously.
Claims (4)
1. a high current little focal spot long-life vacuum diode, is characterized in that:
Comprise urceolus (5), be arranged on the flange (1) of urceolus (5) one end, be arranged on the pressure ring (12) of urceolus (5) other end and sealing baffle (11), be arranged on the inner core in urceolus (5), the cathode and anode assemblies be arranged in inner core;
Described inner core comprises and arranges that tubular supports (2) surely, tubular is dynamic supports (10), bellows (3); Described fixed support (2) to be arranged in urceolus (5) and to be connected with flange (1), described dynamic support (10) to be arranged in urceolus (5) and to be connected with pressure ring (12), described bellows (3) be arranged on determine in support (2) and the dynamic cavity supported between (10) and urceolus (5) and two ends respectively with determine support and dynamic support is tightly connected, describedly surely support (2), dynamic support between (10), bellows (3), cathode and anode assemblies form radial vacuum seal bascule;
Described cathode and anode assemblies comprises obturating cup (4), copper core (6), metal anode target (7), cathode taps (13); The large end of described obturating cup is tightly connected with the fixed medial surface supported, its small end is connected with copper core (6) end part seal, and described cathode taps (13) is arranged on to move and supports in (10) and be pressed on dynamic support (10) outer face by pressure ring (12) and sealing baffle (11) sealing; Described plate target (7) is electrically connected with copper core (6) end and is positioned between obturating cup (4) small end and cathode taps (13); Described cathode taps (13) is that anode target direction tapers off to a point protruding taper hole structure;
Described dynamic support (10) sidewall is provided with and vacuumizes interface (9);
The Quick impulse voltage that pulse power drive source produces, be carried between diode anode and cathode, order about diode taper metallic cathode head outgoing electron, form the cathode plasma starting from field emission explosive emission finally, the electronics of cathode zone bombards thick metal tantalum target under the acceleration of impulse electric field, produces pulsed X-ray; In the implementation of its little focal spot, first by the bundle spot of small cathode emission face restriction outgoing electron, form dense particle flux; Then, when electron beam is in metal anode target transport process, when its beam current density reaches critical self-pinch condition, produce self-pinch, reduce the beam spot size of target practice further, the focal spot realizing hard pulse X ray is microminiaturized;
Debugging, the operation implementation step of described diode are:
The first step, after being connected with system communications line, obturating cup, copper core and fixed support in the oil pocket that forms fill transformer oil, guarantee do not have bubble, open vacuum system, make diode vacuum chamber internal gas pressure be down to 10
-3below Pa;
Second step, unbalanced pulse hard X ray generator and measuring system, experimentally require to select different voltage, pulsewidth, regulates diode anode and cathode gap by rotating urceolus, select suitable aspect ratio, by guaranteeing that system temperature runs at line current, voltage monitoring system;
3rd step, the focal spot of X ray is measured: according to pin-hole imaging principle, the ray that Pulsed Xray source produces, be imaged onto on intensifying screen after pinhole device is amplified, X ray and scintillator interact, and transmitted intensity image is converted into corresponding visible images, then after mirror-reflection and camera lens coupling, carry out IMAQ by CCD camera, outputted in computer by optical fiber and carry out subsequent treatment.
2. high current according to claim 1 little focal spot long-life vacuum diode, is characterized in that: described taper hole aperture 1 ~ 5mm.
3. high current according to claim 1 and 2 little focal spot long-life vacuum diode, is characterized in that: described dynamic support (10) sidewall is also provided with the current detecting interface for placing current monitoring probe (8).
4. high current according to claim 3 little focal spot long-life vacuum diode, is characterized in that: described cathode taps (13) selects tungsten-nickel-copper alloy material; Described plate target (7) selects metal tantalum material; Described obturating cup (4) and sealing baffle (11) select pmma material.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103413744B (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2016-03-09 | 西北核技术研究所 | A kind of Cascade-stage-type electron beam diode |
| CN104900464B (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-03-01 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of composite vacuum diode |
| CN105676260B (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2018-05-08 | 西北核技术研究所 | Electron beam pinch process diagnostic system and its diagnostic method |
| DE102017214196A1 (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2019-02-21 | Siemens Healthcare Gmbh | X-ray system and method for its operation |
| CN107887449B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2024-05-14 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Compact type high-current diode capable of remotely adjusting beam parameters |
| CN111694046B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-06-07 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Single-energy gamma device |
| CN113721284B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2024-05-07 | 西安交通大学 | Device and method for measuring the ratio of the number of photons to the number of electrons in a pulsed X-ray radiation field |
| CN113675059B (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2023-03-21 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Pulse X-ray diode for measuring material space distribution characteristics |
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| CN101259538A (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2008-09-10 | 中南大学 | Preparation of micron/nano-scale high purity tungsten powder |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7502446B2 (en) * | 2005-10-18 | 2009-03-10 | Alft Inc. | Soft x-ray generator |
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