Background technology
Building is more and more higher, more and more, more and more intensive in the modern metropolitan cities, the radio signal of mobile communication is propagated betwixt and is stopped and decay, modern architecture is many in addition is skeleton with armored concrete, add fully closed exterior decoration, shielding and decay to radio signal are severe especially, and influence is communication normally.At the low layer of some high-rises, base station signal usually a little less than, have the part blind area; And at the high level of some super-high buildings thing, cover fully again.Center in big and medium-sized cities, base station density are all bigger, and average stop spacing is less than 1Km, so the signal in the common inlet chamber is more mixed and disorderly, unstable.The middle and high layer that does not particularly have the skyscraper of complete closed at some, signal in the inlet chamber is very mixed and disorderly, signal of base station or distant place signal of base station are by in the mode inlet chambers such as direct projection, refraction, reflection, diffraction nearby, and the dynamic instability of signal is with frequency, adjacent serious interference frequently.Mobile phone uses under this environment, and when not conversing, the sub-district gravity treatment is frequent, frequently switches in the communication process, and speech quality is poor, and the call drop phenomenon is more serious.
In order to solve the problem that above-mentioned indoor signal covers, at present effective method is built indoor distributed system exactly, signal of base station is introduced directly into each indoor zone by wired mode, by small size antenna base station signal is sent again, thereby reach coverage hole in the decontamination chamber, suppress to disturb, for indoor mobile communication subscriber provides stable, a reliable signal for its use.But the expense of installation and maintenance one cover indoor distributed system is very high.For example, Chinese invention patent CN 1240192 in bulletin on February 1st, 2006, a kind of system and method that transmits the RF signal in the RF bandwidth on the low bandwidth medium is promptly disclosed, this system realizes radio frequency (RF) signal is down-converted to intermediate frequency (IF) signal, again by common indoor standard cable transmission, at far-end antenna place, again intermediate frequency (IF) signal is carried out up-conversion and revert to original radio frequency (RF) signal.Its defective is, above-mentioned on the low bandwidth medium system of transmission RF signal build by the circuit module or the chip of a plurality of separation, its signal consistency, reliability in transmission and transfer process is relatively poor, distortion phenomenon may appear in output signal.In addition, along with development of wireless communication devices, people to the utilization of radio spectrum more and more widely, mobile communication has been released a plurality of wireless protocols, as GSM, CDMA and 3G system etc., its frequency spectrum coverage 800MHz~2100MHz.But the described system of transmitting the RF signal on the low bandwidth medium of patent CN1240192 only is applicable to the mobile communication system of single agreement, does not provide the solution that multi-protocols are communicated by letter simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
For covering problem in the RF signal cabin that solves multi-protocols, the invention provides the two-way conversion integrated circuit between a kind of RF of realization signal and the intermediate frequency wire signal, realize small size, low-power consumption, the wireless signal of high reliability and the bi-directional conversion between the wire signal.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of receiving chip of realizing the two-way conversion integrated circuit between RF signal and the intermediate frequency wire signal comprises: radio frequency amplifying circuit, be used to receive the RF signal, and after being amplified, the RF signal exports the radio frequency buffering device to; Down-conversion mixer, its rf inputs receive the RF signal of above-mentioned radio frequency buffering device output, and the RF signal is downconverted into intermediate-freuqncy signal output; Local oscillation signal produces circuit, is used to the local oscillator input that generates local oscillation signal and export down-conversion mixer to; The radio frequency mirror image signal suppresses circuit, comprises multiphase filter, adder and buffer, and its multiphase filter receives the intermediate-freuqncy signal by down-conversion mixer output, through adder removal interference signal wherein, exports buffer again to; Variable gain amplifier receives the intermediate-freuqncy signal that is suppressed the buffer output of circuit by above-mentioned radio frequency mirror image signal, it is gained amplify back output.
Above-mentioned radio frequency amplifying circuit comprises two low noise amplifiers, and its input is connected with chip RF filter outward respectively.
Above-mentioned down-conversion mixer comprises I frequency mixer and Q frequency mixer, and its rf inputs is connected with the radio frequency buffering device, and medium frequency output end is connected with the multiphase filter that the radio frequency mirror image signal suppresses circuit through the intermediate frequency buffer.
Above-mentioned local oscillation signal produces circuit and comprises voltage controlled oscillator and remove 2 except that 4 circuit, the output signal of voltage controlled oscillator is removed the required orthogonal local oscillation signal of 4 circuit generation down-conversion mixer through removing 2, its 0 ° of local oscillation signal is connected with the local oscillator input of first frequency mixer, and 90 ° of local oscillation signals are connected with the local oscillator input of second frequency mixer.The output of described voltage controlled oscillator also is connected with phase-locked loop circuit.
The intermediate-freuqncy signal that above-mentioned radio frequency mirror image signal suppresses circuit output exports to outside the chip, behind intermediate-frequency filter, imports in the chip again, is connected with the input of variable gain amplifier.
A kind of transmitting chip of realizing the two-way conversion integrated circuit between RF signal and the intermediate frequency wire signal comprises: variable gain amplifier, be used for receiving intermediate frequency signal, and after being amplified, the intermediate-freuqncy signal gain exports buffer to; Upconverter, wherein frequency input terminal receives the intermediate-freuqncy signal of above-mentioned buffer output, and intermediate-freuqncy signal is up-converted into the output of RF signal; Local oscillation signal produces circuit, is used to the local oscillator input that generates local oscillation signal and export upconverter to; The power amplifier drive circuit receives the RF signal that upconverter is exported, and it is carried out power amplify back output in advance.
The intermediate-freuqncy signal of the buffer output of above-mentioned variable gain amplifier exports to outside the chip, behind intermediate-frequency filter, imports in the chip again, is connected with the middle frequency input terminal of upconverter through the secondary amplifier.
Above-mentioned local oscillation signal produces circuit and comprises voltage controlled oscillator and remove 2 and remove 4 circuit, and the output signal of voltage controlled oscillator is removed 4 circuit and generated the required local oscillation signal of upconverter through removing 2, is connected with the local oscillator input of upconverter.The output of described voltage controlled oscillator also is connected with phase-locked loop circuit.
Two-way conversion integrated circuit between RF signal of the present invention and the intermediate frequency wire signal both can adopt the double-chip structure design, as mentioned above receiving chip and transmitting chip; Also can adopt the single chip architecture design, above-mentioned receiving chip and transmitting chip are integrated in the same chip.That is, a kind of two-way conversion integrated circuit of realizing between RF signal and the intermediate frequency wire signal comprises the built-up circuit of above-mentioned receiving chip and transmitting chip.
The present invention has following advantage and effect with respect to prior art:
(1). the present invention supports various communications protocols, as GSM, CDMA, WCDMA, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA etc., its RF spectrum coverage reaches 800MHz~2100MHz, and the intermediate-freuqncy signal of output is fit to common indoor standard cable transmission between 40~100MHz scope.
(2). the present invention adopts integrated circuit (IC) design, and in the conversion that realizes on the basis of chip-scale circuit between RF signal and the intermediate-freuqncy signal, it is little, low in energy consumption to have a volume, signal transmission consistency, reliability advantages of higher.
(3). based on the advantage of above-mentioned multi-protocols and integrated circuit, can be on integrated circuit of the present invention basis, the design correspondent peripheral circuit, connect to form the indoor covering system of wireless signal with other equipment, Kai Fa indoor covering system has simple in structure thus, and applied widely, can support characteristics such as various communications protocols.
Embodiment
As Fig. 1,3 are depicted as theory diagram of the present invention, wherein, RF reception/change-over circuit comprises off chip amplifier/filter 10, radio frequency amplifying circuit 11, down-conversion mixer 12, local oscillation signal produces circuit 13, the radio frequency mirror image signal suppresses circuit 14, variable gain amplifier 15 and matched filter 16, antenna element 31 receives from after the RF signals transmitted of mobile base station, be sent to off chip amplifier/filter 10 through duplexer 30, the RF signal passes through radio frequency amplifying circuit 11 successively, down-conversion mixer 12, local oscillation signal produces circuit 13, the radio frequency mirror image signal suppresses circuit 14 and variable gain amplifier 15, be downconverted into intermediate-freuqncy signal, export house cable to through matched filter 16 again.The RF radiating circuit comprises that the outer power amplifier/filter 20 of sheet, power amplifier drive circuit 21, upconverter 22, local oscillation signal produce circuit 23, variable gain amplifier 25 and matched filter 26, intermediate-freuqncy signal from house cable is up-converted into the RF signal through matched filter 26, variable gain amplifier 25, local oscillation signal generation circuit 23, upconverter 22 and power amplifier drive circuit 21 successively, be delivered to duplexer 30 through outer power amplifier/filter 20 then, launch by antenna element 31 at last.Two-way conversion integrated circuit between RF signal of the present invention and the intermediate frequency wire signal can adopt double-chip structure design (theory diagram as shown in Figure 1), also can adopt single chip architecture design (theory diagram as shown in Figure 3).
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment one:
Be illustrated in figure 2 as double-chip structure schematic diagram of the present invention, circuit part among the figure in the frame of broken lines is a chip internal structure, comprise RF receiving chip (Rx CHIP) and transmitting chip (Tx CHIP), the receive-transmit system operation principle that is made of two chip blocks is: after far-end access unit antenna received the mobile base station RF signals transmitted, (Diplexer) was sent to receiver section by duplexer.The RF signal that antenna receives at first carries out low noise by the outer low noise amplifier (OFF-CHIP-LNA) of sheet and amplifies, passing through radio-frequency filter (RF Filter) then is input among the receiving chip Rx CHIP, receiving chip is down-converted to intermediate-freuqncy signal (IF) output to radiofrequency signal (RF), deliver to common house cable by matched filter then, as the CAT-5 cable.Transmitter section is that the intermediate-freuqncy signal (IF) from house cable is upconverted to radiofrequency signal (RF), launches by antenna again.As shown in Figure 2, enter into transmitting chip Tx CHIP from the intermediate-freuqncy signal of cable CAT-5 through matched filter and carry out up-conversion, and through certain power amplification output, and then, launch by antenna by RF filter, the outer power amplifier (OFF-CHIP PA) of sheet, duplexer.
The operation principle of receiving chip Rx CHIP is as follows:
Receiving chip is integrated two low noise amplifier LNA, wherein, low noise amplifier LNA1 realizes that the channel signals low noise of GSM900 and CDMA amplifies, low noise amplifier LNA2 realizes that the low noise of GSM1800, PHS and 3G application channel signal amplifies.During chip operation, have only a LNA operate as normal, another one LNA is closed.Radiofrequency signal after low noise amplifier LNA amplifies is sent into the rf inputs of two down-conversion mixers simultaneously by radio frequency buffering device (RFBuffer), and frequency mixer is three port circuits, comprises rf inputs, local oscillator input and medium frequency output end.The local oscillator input that adopts the local oscillation signal of quadrature to deliver to two frequency mixers respectively can obtain the intermediate-freuqncy signal of quadrature, the frequency mixer of 0 ° of local oscillation signal input is I frequency mixer (I Mixer), the frequency mixer of 90 ° of local oscillation signal inputs is Q frequency mixer (Q Mixer), and orthogonal local oscillation signal is by voltage controlled oscillator VCO and remove 2 except that the generation of 4 circuit.The quadrature intermediate-freuqncy signal of two frequency mixer generations inputs to multiphase filter (PolyPhase Filter) through the intermediate frequency buffer respectively, make the required intermediate-freuqncy signal phase place unanimity of two-way generation through multiphase filter, the interference intermediate-freuqncy signal phase place that the radio frequency mirror image signal produces is opposite, passing through adder (Adder) again increases required intermediate-freuqncy signal, the interference intermediate-freuqncy signal is offset, thereby improves the image rejection ratio of whole receiver.For the outer intermediate-frequency filter of driving chip, after adder, also increase one-level intermediate frequency buffer.Intermediate-freuqncy signal through frequency mixer and image removing circuit generation is sent outside the sheet, carries out intermediate frequency filtering, and intermediate-frequency filter uses the sheet outer filter of high selectivity, effectively the inhibition zone external signal.Receiving under the radiofrequency signal situation of different-energy for making, the intermediate frequency output signal is constant, all has variable gain amplifier in the radio-frequency transmitter, and the present invention is for reducing volume, receiving chip is also integrated numerically controlled variable gain amplifier.As shown in Figure 2, deliver to the interior variable gain amplifier of chip again, change amplifier gain by digital control, thereby make final intermediate frequency stable output signal through the intermediate-freuqncy signal after the intermediate-frequency filter selection.
The above is the signal link operation principle of receiving chip, be to produce the required local oscillation signal of frequency mixer, and to the selection of different channel, this receiving chip is also integrated voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and phase-locked loop.The present invention adopts two voltage controlled oscillator VCO to realize that the full wave local oscillation signal of multi-protocols covers, and two voltage controlled oscillator VCO are selected by switch.Be to improve the integrated level of voltage controlled oscillator VCO, the present invention adopts and removes 2 and remove the local oscillation signals that 4 circuit generate the frequency mixer actual needs, and promptly the frequency of voltage controlled oscillator VCO oscillator signal is 2 times or 4 times of local oscillation signal of frequency mixer actual needs.Voltage controlled oscillator VCO, remove 2 remove 4 circuit and the phase-locked loop operation principle as follows: the oscillator signal that voltage controlled oscillator VCO produces is delivered to by a buffer and is removed 2 and remove 4 circuit and prescalar (Prescaler), remove 2 and remove 4 circuit generation local oscillation signal, select by digital control word except that 4 except that 2; Prescalar carries out 32/33 bimodulus frequency division to the oscillator signal that voltage controlled oscillator VCO produces, again signal behind the frequency division is delivered to programmable counter (ProgramCounter) and swallowed counter (Swallow Counter), thereby form Integer-N type frequency divider.The low frequency signal that frequency divider produces carries out bit comparison mutually with a reference signal, be that two paths of signals is delivered to phase discriminator PFD simultaneously, phase discriminator converts the phase difference of two signals to control signal, again by charge pump (CP) and sheet outer ring filter (LPF) formation voltage signal, therefore, phase discriminator PFD, charge pump CP and sheet outer ring filter LPF circuit are responsible for signal behind the frequency division and the error between the reference signal are converted to voltage, this voltage is controlled voltage controlled oscillator VCO again, thereby the formation closed-loop system produces stable oscillator signal.By frequency divider is carried out the configuration of different frequency dividing ratios, can produce the oscillator signal of different frequency, thereby can receive the radiofrequency signal of different channel.The reference signal of phase discriminator PFD input is provided by highly stable crystal oscillator, as shown in Figure 2, the present invention is integrated crystal oscillator drive circuit (Oscillator Driver) and parametric frequency divider (Reference Divider), under same crystal oscillator frequency, by configuration, can produce different reference frequencies to parametric frequency divider.Simultaneously, whether the present invention locks for detecting cycle of phase-locked loop, and chip is also integrated lock detecting circuit (LOCK DETECK), by the detection to phase discriminator PFD, charge pump CP circuit information, can judge whether phase-locked loop is locked on the required frequency.
Remove above-mentioned signal link module, voltage controlled oscillator and phase-locked loop, the present invention is also integrated band-gap reference current source (Bandgap), for each module in the chip provides stable current offset.Simultaneously, also integrated SPI serial communication circuit is realized the data communication between chip and the sheet external system.
Transmitting chip Tx CHIP has realized the opposite function with receiving chip Rx CHIP, promptly from the intermediate-freuqncy signal up-conversion of cable to radiofrequency signal, its operation principle is as follows:
Transmitting chip at first adopts intermediate-freuqncy signal the gain amplification of variable gain amplifier to input, then, deliver to sheet and carry out intermediate frequency filtering outward, intermediate-freuqncy signal after the selection inputs in the sheet again, input to the middle frequency input terminal of upconverter (Up-Converter) after amplifying once more, upconverter produces high intermediate-freuqncy signal output, high intermediate-freuqncy signal is the radiofrequency signal of our required emission just, radiofrequency signal after the up-conversion inputs to power amplifier drive circuit (Pre-PA) through buffer and carries out power and amplify in advance, outside the output chip, finish emission work then.
The same integrated local oscillation signal of transmitting chip produces circuit, is used to generate the required local oscillation signal of upconverter, and its circuit is formed local oscillation signal with receiving chip, and to produce circuit basic identical.Wherein, voltage controlled oscillator VCO, phase-locked loop and SPI, Bandgap circuit working principle and circuit composition and operation principle are identical with related circuit in the receiving chip, are not repeated at this.Different is, the voltage controlled oscillator VCO of transmitting chip and receiving chip is different with the circuit working frequency of phase-locked loop, and this point depends primarily on wireless communication protocol standards.For reducing volume, reduce cost the shared same crystal oscillator of receiving chip of the present invention and transmitting chip.
Embodiment two:
Be illustrated in figure 4 as single chip architecture schematic diagram of the present invention, the circuit part among the figure in the frame of broken lines is a chip internal structure, this RF transceiving chip is integrated two parts circuit: receiving unit Rx and radiating portion Tx.Wherein, the circuit composition of receiving unit Rx and operation principle are identical with receiving chip in the double-chip structure, and the circuit composition of radiating portion Tx and operation principle are identical with transmitting chip in the double-chip structure, therefore, are not repeated at this.
Said integrated circuit has following technical characterictic:
1. the multiple protocol wireless communication transmission circuit realizes that chip is fully integrated.
2. this product adopts the VCO frequency of oscillation is removed 2 except that the required local oscillation signal in 4 configuration realization upper and lower frequency converter broadbands.
3. the input intermediate frequency of chip receiving unit output intermediate frequency and chip radiating portion is identical, is chosen between 40~100MHz scope, is adapted at transmitting on the common house cable.
4. the chip receiving unit adopts two low noise amplifier LNA to realize that the low noise of multiple protocol radio frequency signal amplifies.
5. the chip receiving unit adopts I/Q frequency mixer, multiphase filter and adder to realize receiving the mirror image inhibition.
6. chip reception and radiating portion all adopt the numerical control variable gain amplifier to realize that output signal level is stable.
7. chip reception and radiating portion all adopt two voltage controlled oscillator VCO to realize that broadbands cover.
8. chip reception and radiating portion all adopt charge pump type Integer-N frequency synthesizer to carry out the frequency selection.
9. chip reception and radiating portion all adopt the differential signal input and output.
10. chip reception and radiating portion all carry out frequency division acquisition reference frequency by parametric frequency divider to crystal oscillator frequency, thereby make this product can select different crystal oscillators.
11. chip adopts band gap reference (Bandgap) that the chip biasing is provided.
12. chip adopts serial communication protocol SPI to realize the inside and outside communication of chip.
As mentioned above, be preferred forms of the present invention.Although described example has been represented and has been described the present invention, but do not represent restriction to the present invention self, those skilled in the art should be understood that, under the prerequisite of the spirit and scope of the present invention that do not break away from the claims definition, can make various variations at it, appending claims has covered all such changes and modifications in the spirit and scope of the invention in form and on the details.