CN100538234C - 通过低温空气蒸馏提供高纯度氧的方法和设备 - Google Patents

通过低温空气蒸馏提供高纯度氧的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN100538234C
CN100538234C CN200480033074.XA CN200480033074A CN100538234C CN 100538234 C CN100538234 C CN 100538234C CN 200480033074 A CN200480033074 A CN 200480033074A CN 100538234 C CN100538234 C CN 100538234C
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air
oxygen
gas separation
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separation unit
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A·吉亚尔
J-J·肖拉
X·庞顿
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种通过包含第一(1)和第二空气分离装置(2)的设备低温蒸馏空气提供高纯度氧的方法。根据本发明：第一空气分离装置包含中压塔、与该中压塔热耦合的低压塔，和混合塔，其中待蒸馏的空气被送入中压塔，富含氧和富含氮的液体从中压塔送入低压塔。依照该装置的第一操作，来自低压塔的富含氧的液体被送入混合塔的顶部，低纯度氧从混合塔顶部排出并且其中至少部分(3)被送入第一消耗单元(5)，第二空气分离装置为第二消耗单元(9)供给高纯度氧(8)；依照第二操作，减少第一装置的从混合塔顶部排出的低纯度氧，高纯度氧从第一装置中的低压塔排出(11)并至少送入第二消耗单元(9)，第二装置不向第二消耗单元提供高纯度氧。

Description

通过低温空气蒸馏提供高纯度氧的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及空气蒸馏技术，特别涉及通过低温空气蒸馏提供高纯度氧的方法和设备。
背景技术
某些工业应用需要大量的处于不同压力的不纯氧：例如，煤的气化、残油气化、铁矿石的直接熔化还原、将煤喷入鼓风炉、有色金属冶金等。
此外，某些工业装置需要在不同压力下同时大量供应实用纯氧和不纯氧。
钢铁生产设备传统上包含具有不同氧需求的各种单元，如“Themaking，shaping and treating of steel”，AISE，1985所述。鼓风炉消耗富含氧气的空气，这种空气一般通过混合压缩空气与低纯度氧产生。低纯度氧具有的纯度为80-97％。与此不同，转化器和电弧炉消耗纯度为99-99.8％的氧。为了提供这两种氧纯度，经常提供两个独立的空气蒸馏生产单元，生产低纯度氧的单元是如US-A-4 022 030和EP-A-0531 182所述类型的混合塔单元，生产高纯度氧的单元是传统的双塔单元。
本文中所提及的纯度均为摩尔百分比。
当提供高纯度氧的单元不运行时，必须提供另外的高纯度氧源，其可以是另一个单元或至少是一个非常大的储罐，例如可见H.Springmann，Linde Berichte Aus Technik und Wissenschaft，40/1976出版的“ZurPlannung grosser Saueratoffanlagen in Stahlwerken[关于在钢铁厂设计大型氧气蒸馏装置]”。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种包含两套空气分离单元的设备，其中包含混合塔的第一套产生低纯度氧，第二套产生高纯度氧，即使第二空气分离单元不运行时该设备也能够产生高纯度氧，所以可以省却高压氧储罐或缩小其尺寸。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种通过包含第一空气分离单元和第二空气分离单元的设备低温蒸馏空气提供高纯度氧的方法，第一空气分离单元包含中压塔、与该中压塔热耦合的低压塔，和混合塔，在该方法中：
i)待蒸馏的空气被送入中压塔中；
ii)富含氧和富含氮的液体从中压塔送入低压塔；
iii)在空气分离单元的第一步骤中，来自低压塔的富含氧的液体被送入混合塔的顶部；
iv)在第一步骤，低纯度氧流从混合塔顶部排出并且其中至少一部分被送入第一消耗单元；
v)在第一步骤，补充空气被送入混合塔的底部；
vi)在第一步骤，第二空气分离单元为第二消耗单元提供高纯度氧，
其特征在于：
vii)在第二步骤，在第一分离单元中，减少送入混合塔顶部的富含氧的物流，甚至降到零，减少送入混合塔的空气流，甚至降到零，并且减少从混合塔顶部排出的低纯度氧流，甚至降到零；和
viii)在第二步骤，高纯度氧流从第一空气分离单元的低压塔底部排出并至少送入第二消耗单元。
优选地，在第二步骤中，第二空气分离单元不向第二消耗单元提供高纯度氧，或部分地提供第二消耗单元需要的高纯度氧。
根据其它可选择的方面：
-第一消耗单元是鼓风炉，第二消耗单元是转化器或电弧炉；
-在第一步骤期间，鼓风炉用富含氧的空气供给，在第二步骤期间鼓风炉或者用空气供给或者用比第一步骤的富含氧的空气含氧浓度低的空气供给；
-混合塔在第二步骤期间不运行；和
-第二消耗单元在第一步骤期间仅用来自第二空气分离单元的氧供给，而在第二步骤期间仅用来自第一空气分离单元的氧供给。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种通过低温空气蒸馏提供氧的设备，包含第一空气分离单元和第二空气分离单元，其中所述第一空气分离单元包含中压塔、与该中压塔热耦合的低压塔，和混合塔，该设备包括：
a)用于将待蒸馏的空气送入中压塔的装置；
b)用于将富含氧和富含氮的液体从中压塔送入低压塔的装置；
c)用于将来自低压塔的富含氧的液体送入混合塔顶部的装置；
d)用于将空气送入混合塔底部的装置；
e)用于将低纯度氧流从混合塔顶部排出的装置和用于将其中至少一部分送入第一消耗单元的装置；
f)用于将来自第二空气分离单元的高纯度氧送入第二消耗单元的装置；
其特征在于该装置还包括：
g)用于减少送入混合塔顶部的富含氧的物流，或将其降低到零的装置；
h)用于减少送入混合塔的空气流，或将其降低到零的装置；和
i)用于将高纯度氧流从第一空气分离单元的低压塔底部排出的装置和将该物流送入第二消耗单元的装置。
根据本发明其它可选择的方面：
-第一消耗单元是鼓风炉，第二消耗单元是转化器或电弧炉；
-包含用来自第一空气分离单元的低纯度氧供给鼓风炉的装置和用于停止将低纯度氧从第一空气分离单元送入鼓风炉的装置；
-该设备包括仅用来自第二空气分离单元的氧供给鼓风炉的装置和仅用来自第一空气分离单元的氧供给鼓风炉的装置；
-该设备包括至少一个在第二消耗单元上游和第一空气分离单元下游的高纯度氧压缩机。
附图说明
在附图中：
图1示意性地显示了根据本发明的设备；
图2更详细地显示了第一空气分离单元。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图描述本发明的示范性实施方式。
图1的空气分离设备包括第一低温空气蒸馏分离单元1和第二低温空气蒸馏分离单元2。在该设备的第一操作中，第一空气分离单元产生包含80-97％氧的低纯度氧。这种氧3被送入第一消耗单元的鼓风机4的下游，在该情况下第一消耗单元为鼓风炉5，并且在送入鼓风炉之前与压缩空气7混合。
第二空气分离单元2产生包含99-99.9％氧的高纯度氧。这种氧8被送入第二消耗单元9。所述第二空气分离单元可以是产生高压气态氧的任何低温单元，例如双塔或三塔，氧在其中通过压缩气态氧或者泵送液体氧然后汽化的方式加压。这种类型生产方法的实例可见EP-A-0504029。
在第二操作中，第二空气分离单元不运行。第一空气分离单元产生高纯度氧11，并且，在压缩机13中压缩后，被送入第二消耗单元9。第一空气分离单元或者不产生低压氧，鼓风炉因此仅用空气供给，或者产生少量的低压氧并将其与空气7混合。
图2所示的空气蒸馏单元的设计是在第一操作中以显著不同于6×105Pa(绝对)的特定压力P下生产纯度为80-97％，且优选85-95％的低压氧，其中所述特定压力为例如2-5×105Pa，或有利地在比6×105Pa(绝对)高至少2×105Pa并且可能最高达30×105Pa的压力，优选为8×105Pa和10×105Pa之间。该空气分离单元主要包含热交换管路1A，其本身包含中压塔3A的双蒸馏塔2A，低压塔4A和主冷凝-再沸器5A以及混合塔6A。所述塔3A和4A一般分别在约6×105Pa和约1×105Pa下操作。
正如文件US-A-4 022 030所述，混合塔是一种与蒸馏塔具有相同结构但以接近可逆的方式用于混合的塔，相对具挥发性的气体在混合塔的底部引入，挥发性较低的液体在混合塔的顶部引入。
这种混合产生了制冷作用并因此降低了与蒸馏相关的能量消耗。在本发明情况下，这中混合还有利地用于在压力P下直接生产不纯氧，如下面所述。
待通过蒸馏分离的、压缩到6×105Pa且适当纯化的空气通过管路7A输送到中压塔3A的底部。该空气的大部分在交换管路1A中冷却并引入中压塔3A的底部，剩余部分在8A中增压并冷却后，在与增压器8A耦合的汽轮机9A中膨胀到低压，然后在低压塔4A的中间点注入。从塔3A底部排出的“富液”(富含氧的空气)在于膨胀阀10A膨胀后注入塔4A，其注入点靠近空气的注入点。从塔3A中间点11A排出的“贫液体”(不纯氮)在于膨胀阀12A中膨胀后引入塔4A的顶部，该气体构成设备废气，它以及在塔3A顶部产生的中等压力的纯气体氮在交换管路1A中加热并从该设备排出。这些气体在图1中分别用NI和NG指示。
纯度取决于双塔2A的设置的液体氧或高纯度氧从塔4A的底部排出，通过泵13A将压力提高到比上述压力P略高的压力P1，以补偿压降(P1-P低于1×105Pa)，并且引入到塔6A的顶部。P1因此有利地在8×105Pa和30×105Pa之间，优选在8×105Pa和16×105Pa之间。利用辅助压缩机压缩到相同的压力P1并在交换管道1A冷却的补充空气引入到混合塔6A的底部，其中所述辅助压缩机可以是鼓风机4。三种流体从所述混合塔排出：从底部，与所述富液体相似的液体，通过安装有膨胀阀15A’的管路15A与后者合并；在中间点，主要由氧和氮组成的混合物，其通过安装有膨胀阀17A的管路16A送入低压塔4A的中间点；从顶部，不纯氧，其在热交换管路中加热后基本上在压力P下通过管路18A从所述设备排出作为产物气体OI。
图2还示出了辅助热交换器19A、20A、21A，它们用于回收在设备中循环的流体中可获得的制冷能量。
可以看到，由于存在供给塔6A补充空气的单独回路，所产生的不纯氧的压力P可根据意愿选择。另外，如以上所述，通过调节双塔，可以使该气体获得不同纯度。
在空气分离单元1的第二操作中，泵13A停止，所以液体氧不再从塔4A的底部排出并引入塔6的顶部。补充空气不再引入混合塔6A的底部。三种流体不再从后者排出。
作为选择，在第二操作中，从塔4A的底部取出数量比第一操作中所输送的量少的液态氧，利用泵13A升压到压力P1并引入塔6A的顶部。将少量的补充空气引入混合塔6A的底部，从混合塔排出的三种物流的量也被降低。
无论混合塔是否保持运行，在第二操作中从低压塔的底部排出包含99-99.8％氧的高纯度氧气体流11，第一操作期间，该物流不排出或者作为冷凝器5A的冲洗流以非常小的量排出。该物流11在压缩机13中压缩并送入第二消耗单元9，消耗单元9可以是用于转化生铁的氧转化器或电弧炉。一些高纯度氧还可以输送出用于氧气切割。如果物流8利用另一个压缩机升压到其最终压力，当不再供给物流8时，所述的另外压缩机可用于压缩物流11，不再需要压缩机13。同样，如果在第一操作中用于物流8的压缩机因为例如故障没有运行，物流8可以在压缩机13中压缩。
本发明的概念可以扩展到其它类型的分离单元。例如，可以用第一分离单元生产不纯氧，用第二分离单元生产纯氧，并且通过调节第一分离单元的操作或第一分离单元本身，以便使后者可以生产纯氧。这种类型的调整适用于例如双塔分离单元，该双塔分离单元的辅助塔的塔顶用来自低压塔的不纯氧供给，辅助塔具有底部再沸器。该辅助塔的进料方式可以是仅在该分离单元的特殊操作期间允许纯氧从辅助塔的底部排出。
显而易见，可以使用与图2所示不同的混合塔分离单元应用本发明。
通过同时供给物流8和11，可以使高纯度氧的生产最大化，优选停止混合塔的运行。

Claims (10)

1.一种通过包含第一空气分离单元(1)和第二空气分离单元(2)的设备低温蒸馏空气提供高纯度氧的方法，第一空气分离单元包含中压塔、与该中压塔热连结的低压塔(4A)，和混合塔(6A)，在该方法中：
i)待蒸馏的空气被送入中压塔中；
ii)富含氧和富含氮的液体从中压塔送入低压塔；
iii)在空气分离单元的第一步骤中，来自低压塔的富含氧的液体被送入混合塔的顶部；
iv)在第一步骤，低纯度氧流从混合塔顶部排出并且其中至少一部分被送入第一消耗单元(5)；
v)在第一步骤，补充空气被送入混合塔的底部；
vi)在第一步骤，第二空气分离单元为第二消耗单元(9)供给高纯度氧，
其特征在于：
vii)在第二步骤，在第一分离单元中，减少送入混合塔顶部的富含氧的物流，减少送入混合塔的空气流，并且减少从混合塔顶部排出的低纯度氧流；和
viii)在第二步骤，高纯度氧流从第一空气分离单元的低压塔底部排出并至少送入第二消耗单元。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中在第二步骤，第二空气分离单元(2)不向第二消耗单元(9)供给高纯度氧，或部分地供给第二消耗单元需要的高纯度氧。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中第一消耗单元(5)是鼓风炉，第二消耗单元(9)是用于转化生铁的氧转化器或电弧炉。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中在第一步骤期间，鼓风炉(5)用富含氧的空气供给，在第二步骤期间，鼓风炉或者用空气供给或者用比第一步骤的富含氧的空气含氧浓度低的空气供给。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中在第二步骤期间，将送入混合塔顶部的富含氧的物流减少至零并将送入混合塔的空气流减少至零，混合塔(6A)不运行，从混合塔顶部排出的低纯度氧流减少至零。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中第二消耗单元(9)在第一步骤期间仅用来自第二空气分离单元(2)的氧供给，而在第二步骤期间仅用来自第一空气分离单元(1)的氧供给。
7.一种通过低温空气蒸馏提供氧的设备，包含第一空气分离单元(1)和第二空气分离单元(2)，其中所述第一空气分离单元包含中压塔(2A)、与该中压塔热耦合的低压塔(4A)，和混合塔(6A)，该设备包括：
a)用于将待蒸馏的空气送入中压塔的装置；
b)用于将富含氧和富含氮的液体从中压塔送入低压塔装置；
c)用于将来自低压塔的富含氧的液体送入混合塔的顶部的装置；
d)用于将空气送入混合塔底部的装置；
e)用于将低纯度氧流从混合塔顶部排出的装置和用于将其中至少一部分被送入第一消耗单元(5)的装置；
f)用于将来自第二空气分离单元的高纯度氧送入第二消耗单元(9)的装置；
其特征在于该装置还包括：
g)用于减少送入混合塔顶部的富含氧的物流的装置；
h)用于减少送入混合塔的空气流的装置；和
i)用于将高纯度氧流从第一空气分离单元的低压塔底部排出的装置和将该物流送入第二消耗单元的装置。
8.如权利要求7所述的设备，其中第一消耗单元(5)是鼓风炉，第二消耗单元(9)是用于转化生铁的氧转化器或电弧炉。
9.如权利要求8所述的设备，其中包括用来将第一空气分离单元(1)的低纯度氧供给鼓风炉(5)的装置和用于中止将低纯度氧从第一空气分离单元送入鼓风炉的装置。
10.如权利要求7-9任意一项所述的设备，其中包含至少一个在第二消耗单元(9)上游和第一空气分离单元(1)下游的高纯度氧压缩机(13)。
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