Formaldehyde remover and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pollution control agent, specifically a kind of formaldehyde remover and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Formaldehyde has material impact to health, and it has the strong impulse effect to human body mucosa and skin; Acute poisoning can cause shedding tears, watery nasal discharge, and symptoms such as cough, and respiratory tract disease takes place; Chronic suction low concentration can cause unrelenting headache, and is unable, insomnia etc.; Long-term contact skin can cause dermatitis, and allergy sufferers also measles can take place, so the international cancer institute is classified it as suspect carcinogen matter.
The indoor people of being contact the most frequent place, and time of about in life 80% of people is spent indoor, thereby the quality of indoor environmental quality directly has influence on the healthy of each resident.But the needs adiabatic along with building heat preservation and interior decoration beautifies, the room ventilation situation is more and more poor, and harmful organic volatile compounds matter concentration is more and more high, thereby causes the indoor pollution problem more and more serious.Wherein, the formaldehyde problem is particularly outstanding.
Formaldehyde is mainly derived from diaion glue and coating, mainly comprises Lauxite, phenolic resins, and melamine resins etc. wherein are easy to get with raw material again, and are cheap, and the urea-formaldehyde glue of better performances and output maximum is main.The process of their release formaldehydes is a lasting process, and burst size changes along with the variation of season and temperature, so it indoor environment with The Long-term Effect, for example, the bookcase of particieboard veneer, furniture concentration of formaldehyde interior and that furniture is outer is 0.455mg/m after 3 years
3And 0.098mg/m
3And in these production of resins, each link of storing and processing also all exists serious formaldehyde pollution problem, and for example, the concentration of free formaldehyde is about 3% in the Lauxite, and the concentration of formaldehyde in 107 glue is about 0.5%.In addition, also having the formaldehyde of minute quantity is to discharge owing to the hemicellulose in the timber decomposes.
The annual production of China's Lauxite is 400,000 tons, accounts for whole wood-based plate (plywood, particieboard and fibre board) 80% of glue.The reason of its release formaldehyde is roughly as follows: when (1) resin synthesizes, and remaining unreacted free formaldehyde.When (2) resin is synthetic, participated in reacting the formaldehyde that generates unstable group, in hot pressing, can discharge again.(3) when resin is synthetic, be adsorbed on colloidal particle protonated formaldehyde molecule on every side, under electrolytical effect, also can discharge.
The method of administering the formaldehyde pollution mainly contains following three kinds: one is to use active carbon or some green plants; The 2nd, ventilated; Three are to use chemical agent.The rate of adsorption of active carbon or some green plants is slow, and is not obvious to dispeling of the indoor formaldehyde of new finishing some months.This is because air will contact with active carbon or some green plants and could play adsorption, and the absorption of active carbon simultaneously can reach capacity, thereby loses adsorption.Because the release period of formaldehyde is long in the plate, therefore ventilated method can not thoroughly be eliminated the formaldehyde pollution.The 3rd method is to select for use with the chemical agent of formaldehyde reaction to eliminate, and the efficient of eliminating formaldehyde is high and thorough, is to reduce the method that indoor formaldehyde pollutes faster, effectively.The chemistry formaldehyde elimination agent can be divided three classes substantially: the first kind is the oxidant of energy oxidation of formaldehyde, as Dexol, and hypochlorous acid, hydrogen peroxide etc.; Second class is the derivant of ammonia, as carbamide, and amino urine etc., the 3rd class is the chemical compound with methine active hydrogen, as dimethyl malenate, methyl acetoacetate etc.
TiO
2Photocatalysis performance since 1972 find, people at luminous energy chemical conversion, photocatalysis to degrade organic matter, photochemistry photoinduction synthetic, the interface is hydrophilic, the automatically cleaning material is synthetic etc., and a large amount of research work have been carried out in the aspect.TiO wherein
2Photochemical catalytic oxidation can degrade water body and airborne most organic pollution, comprising the various toxic organic pollutants of dyestuff, surfactant, pesticide and other difficult for biological degradation, the degraded end product is H
2O, CO
2With harmless salt, the product cleaning is considered to a kind of organic pollution advanced purification technology that has future.Wherein the gaseous contamination control has realized Small Scale Industry production.
But TiO
2Energy gap be 3.2eV, its corresponding absorbing wavelength is 387.5nm, light absorption only is confined to the ultra-violet (UV) band.But this part light does not still reach and shines 5% of ground solar spectrum, and TiO
2Quantum efficiency is not higher than 28% at most, so the utilization ratio of solar energy has limited the utilization to solar energy only about 1% greatly.The inactivation of catalyst, slower reaction rate, lower photo-quantum efficiency, factors such as the response mechanism that is difficult to predict are restricting TiO
2The industrial applications of photocatalysis technology.
Another problem is TiO
2Be subjected to produce after the light radiation excited state valence band hole and conduction band electron very easily by following approach inactivation: other electron donor or receptor generation redox reaction compound again, caught, move to particle surface and absorption by metastable surface.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of new formaldehyde remover and preparation method thereof is provided.
Improve TiO
2The key issue of degradation of formaldehyde efficient is how to reduce the recombination probability of quasiconductor photoproduction electron-hole pair, to improve quantum efficiency and photocatalytic activity.The main path that addresses the above problem is doped metal ion or an organic dyestuff on the titanium deoxide catalyst surface, changes particle structure and surface nature; Enlarge the photoresponse scope thereby reach, promote TiO
2Effective separation that microgranule light induced electron-hole is right, the purpose of the photocatalytic activity of raising catalyst.
When trace impurity mixes crystal, may form impurity displacement defective, having of these defectives helps improve TiO
2Light absorption, improve steady-state light degraded quantum efficiency and photocatalysis usefulness.
Dopant ion improves TiO
2The mechanism of photocatalysis efficiency can be summarized as following several respects: 1. mixing to form trap center.Valence state is higher than Ti
4+The metal ion trapped electrons, be lower than Ti
4+Metal ion catch the hole, suppress e-/h
+Compound.2. mix and to form doped energy-band, make the less photon energy of energy excite the electronics and the hole of catching on the doped energy-band, improve the utilization rate of photon.3. mixing to cause the carrier diffusion length to increase, thereby has prolonged the life-span in electronics and hole, has suppressed compound.4. mix and to cause lattice defect, help forming more Ti
3+Oxidation center.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted:
A kind of formaldehyde remover is characterized in that comprising following component:
Anatase titanium dioxide commodity TiO
21.8-2.2 weight portion, best 2.0 weight portions,
Fe (NO
3)
30.003-0.006 weight portion, best 0.005 weight portion,
NH
4H
2PO
40.13-0.15 weight portion, best 0.14 weight portion,
Carbamide 4.0-6.0 weight portion, best 5.0 weight portions,
Macrogol 2000 1.0-3.0 weight portion, best 2.0 weight portions.
The preparation method of formaldehyde remover is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) gets anatase titanium dioxide commodity TiO
2, constant temperature calcining 3h under 700 ℃ of nitrogen protections is cooled to 300 ℃, and constant temperature 3h is cooled to room temperature then naturally, takes out porphyrize;
(2) get TiO after step (1) high-temperature process
2, under agitation slowly join Fe (NO
3)
3In the aqueous solution, fully stir 1h after, in vacuum drying oven in 100 ℃ of dry 6h, pulverize then, roasting 3h in 350 ℃ of air again, porphyrize;
(3) get NH
4H
2PO
4, even with water dissolution, add step (2) gained TiO again
2Fine powder stirs;
(4) in step (3) gained solution, add carbamide and Macrogol 2000, be mixed with the solution of respective concentration,, become suspension at refiner high speed homogenate 10min.
The present invention is at anatase titanium dioxide TiO
2Middle an amount of ferric ion and the phosphate anion of mixing improved TiO
2Photocatalysis performance, and add carbamide, remove formaldehyde method with chemistry and combine, suspension is made in homogenate in suitable dispersant, is used for the removal of room air and construction material formaldehyde.With like product in the market than, it is fast to dispel formaldehyde speed, longer duration, the efficient height can be rapid and persistent that concentration of formaldehyde is controlled at limiting the quantity of of national Specification is following.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
One, prescription
1, anatase titanium dioxide commodity TiO
22000 grams,
2, Fe (NO
3)
35 grams,
3, NH
4H
2PO
4140 grams,
4, carbamide 5000 grams,
5, Macrogol 2000 2000 grams,
6, pure water is an amount of.
Two, preparation method
1, gets anatase titanium dioxide commodity TiO
2, constant temperature calcining 3h under 700 ℃ of nitrogen protections is cooled to 300 ℃, and constant temperature 3h is cooled to room temperature then naturally.Take out porphyrize.
2, get TiO after the high-temperature process
2, under agitation slowly join Fe (NO
3)
3In the aqueous solution, fully stir 1h after, in vacuum drying oven in 100 ℃ of dry 6h.Pulverize then, roasting 3h in 350 ℃ of air again, porphyrize.
3, get NH
4H
2PO
4, with the suitable quantity of water dissolving evenly, add above-mentioned TiO again
2Fine powder stirs.
4, in above-mentioned solution, add carbamide and Macrogol 2000, become the solution of respective concentration,, become suspension to get final product at refiner high speed homogenate 10min by formulated.
Application examples 1
To make suspension and be filled into aluminium pot, add 25% the third butane, use with canned form.With preceding jog tank body, nozzle and the distance and the vertical spraying that are coated with face maintenance 250 ~ 350nm.Become a few subtype sprayings in the spraying process, note the connection between spray plane, prevent to repeat spraying, more will spray comprehensively, guarantee coating quality.
Application examples 2
Be applied to the Wood-based Panel Production scene, the suspension that spraying makes before wood-based plate hot pressing dispatches from the factory after the heating, can effectively reduce content of formaldehyde, improves the wood-based plate grade.
Other application examples
1) traffic system: the vehicles such as automobile, train, subway, aircraft, steamer, elevator
The carrying capacity of public transportation vehicle every day is unusual height all, so air quality is very poor usually, also communicate illness especially easily.Not only undesirable abnormal smells from the patient complete obiteration after the present invention's construction, the probability of related infectious disease also will significantly reduce.If the pungent taste of new car can be effectively removed in addition this product construction, more can effectively sterilize before new car dispatches from the factory, allow new car have pure and fresh air once setting out on a journey, a fast suitable environment is provided.
2) medical system: hospital, clinic, health care institute, out-patient department, emergency center, epidemic prevention station etc.
Air ratio open air in the hospital differs from 5 to 100 times, and various nosocomial infection are very easy to take place, and strong disinfecting function of the present invention can change such problem.Same, pets hospital, the present invention's construction is also urgently waited, to allow staff and client all have an environment that safety is pure and fresh in places such as old man nursing-home.
3) educational system: school classroom, dormitory, kindergarten, auditorium, dining room, science hall, library etc.
Moral standing density is big in the school, air quality is relatively poor, reports to the leadship after accomplishing a task and infects the probability height.The present invention has powerful sterilization, deodorization can improve air quality greatly, stop virus transmission.
4) office space
Generally in office, because of many people Room that coexists, the infectious disease infection velocity is very fast, again because the air conditioning system in building, is easy to generate the dwelling house syndrome as respiratory tract disease etc., and sterilization of the present invention, bacteria resistance function can allow you no longer include this worry.In addition, through the office of construction, also will be because of the improvement of air quality, and allow number of people NAOQING Chu, work efficiency increase.
5) household
The present invention is for causing air pollution that best regulation effect is arranged because of reasons such as oil smoke, life article breed bacteria between finishing after stain, smoke, peculiar smell in toilet, kitchen.
6) place of business such as hotel, dining room
The greasy smell in dining room usually is the reason that makes client's appetite subtract greatly, and it is many also can to cause decoration life-span in dining room to shorten, and the kitchen also regular meeting be the dead angle that pathogenic bacteria is easy to grow.Hotel, dining room etc. are through construction of the present invention, and be not only with fresh air pleasant, allow client have one good have a dinner, living environment, also can allow simultaneously decoration Chang Baoru new.
7) place of business such as Karaoke
One parlor of entering into and playing Karaoka, usually all can experience smoke, vinosity and mix the nauseating taste that comes out with perfume odor, pass through construction of the present invention but need only, such taste will disappear to invisible between, from then on making us foreign odor will not exist, and business also will be therefore more flourishing.
8) skin
China mostly urban air pollution is serious, and it is rainy to have a humid climate, so skin is easy to just catch dustiness, by super water-wet behavior of the present invention, can bring into play the function of exterior wall self-cleaning, is to allow the building clean optimum selection of often keeping a public place clean.
9) drive away artificial board formaldehyde content, raising sheet material quality
We know that the adhesive of wood-based plate all is to adopt pollopas basically, because of its main component is a formaldehyde, after sheet material is made, wherein contain the intact formaldehyde of a large amount of unreacteds, and these sheet materials are applied in interior decoration, when furniture is made, give indoor polluting.If before sheet material dispatches from the factory, use this product treatment, can be with the formaldehyde removing more than 93% wherein, (seeing examining report) improves the sheet material quality greatly, such as: E1 level plywood and E0 level plywood market price difference surpass 30 yuan of RMB on the market, and handle the E1 plywood with this product, make it to reach the E0 grade standard, cost only needs about 3 yuan.High economic benefit and social benefit are arranged.
This product detects through Chinese indoor environment monitoring center, Shanghai City environmental protection product quality supervision and test master station, and formaldehyde expeling rate reaches more than 93%.