CN100532830C - 潮汐发电机 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种潮汐发电机，它包括一台安装在涡轮机壳体(30)内绕一基本垂直的轴转动的涡轮机(10)。该涡轮机(10)连接在支柱(22)上，该支柱枢轴地支撑在涡轮机壳体的下部的支点(24)上，并借助多个旋转元件(36)与涡轮机壳体内壁上部连接，涡轮机因而可借助旋转元件(36)在所述涡轮机壳体内选择地转动。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用流动水体，主要是指用浅窄海峡里的潮流来产生电能的发电设备。更具体而言，本发明涉及一种潮汐发电机，它包括一台安装在涡轮机壳体内绕一基本垂直的轴转动的涡轮机。
本发明特别适用于公路和/或桥梁连接。
背景技术
海洋潮汐是由来自月亮和太阳间的万有引力产生的，大量海水被推来推去形成退潮和涨潮现象，地球转动的结果使海浪向西流动，并在主大洋中有小于一米的浪高。当潮波进入到狭窄海域，就会产生更大的潮汐涨落。高潮和低潮之间的落差高达15米的英吉利海峡就是这样一个例子。在其他地方，如奥斯陆海湾，高潮和低潮之间可能有小落差。这是因为地理条件引起的。
天体的引力引起的海水面的间歇涨落在很久之前就能提前算出来。这种计算被记在最常使用海洋的潮汐表里。可用于发电的正是这种潮流的可预测部分，即，子午潮汐范围。另外，还有因风和大气压力产生的气象学成分。例如在奥斯陆海湾中持久的低压力和南风能促使特大水量进入这个海湾系统。这一成分没有用于发电中。然而，在计划阶段，必须考虑到气象学成分和天文学成分可能会同时发生。
欧盟的研究推断出，主要在英国和法国海岸的周围具有超过100TWh的潮汐潜能。挪威潮汐发电站的合适位置应当建立在从挪威西北部到俄罗斯边界的沿岸。不同于被不稳定的地理过程控制的风和海浪，潮流的天文学成分是稳定且可预测的能源。
潮流能通过利用高潮和低潮之间的位差(即潜能)，通过利用水流的动能或这些形式能的结合来得到。
潮流能的能量开发可以追溯到十一世纪前法国和西班牙的特定磨坊结构，现在只有少数潮能发电站在使用。最著名的是有24台涡轮机的法国拉兰斯大电站和俄罗斯奇斯洛格斯克小电站。这些电站的共同特征是使用了固定安装的具有可调导叶和可调涡轮叶片的转桨式水轮机。当潮流逆转时，水流在流经水轮机后会首先冲击导叶。这导致水轮机的效率降低。
挪威专利申请20010737公开了一种用完全浸在水中的涡轮和发电装置锚固定在底部的桩型系统。该文件描述了与桩基连接和从桩基上拆开的系统。
US5,440,176公开了包括浸在水中的、带有涡轮和发电装置的框架，这些装置能够被提升或降低和单独转动。
此外，GB 2298004公开了一潮汐发电厂，这里涡轮机安装在大坝或在顶部有道路的地峡的水流槽中。US4,468,153公开一潮汐发电厂，它具有一台能构转向以致利用两个方向的潮汐运动的涡轮机。WO 00/50768和GB 2311566均公开了构造为利用流动水尤其是潮流的水轮机。涡轮机安装在能够转向的桩或圆柱上。
因此，需要一种以节省成本的方式利用潮流能进行发电的装置，该装置中机器能被起重机快速、有效地从海中拉起，并被送到例如服务设施中，不需任何潜水员和昂贵的起重船。还希望提供一种简单的不受水流方向约束的高效率涡轮机结构。同时，提供一种能被安排在将实际的发电机和其他电气设备放置在最高记录水位以上，进而得到保护并易于运行和维修的发电设备。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种包含一台安装在涡轮机壳体内绕基本垂直的轴线转动的涡轮机的潮汐发电装置来解决上述这些问题，该涡轮机的特征在于，涡轮机缚于支柱上，该支柱下部枢转地支撑在涡轮机壳体的下部的支点，该支柱水平面内的上部由与涡轮机壳体部分内壁结合的多个旋转元件来支撑，从而所述涡轮机可在所述涡轮机壳体内选择地转动，以使涡轮机总是相对于主水流方向处于最佳位置。
本发明的另一个目的是在涡轮机的钢结构和涡轮机壳体的内部粗制混凝土表面之间获得坚固的减振连接。实施方式对涡轮机壳体的混凝土表面和内部轮廓提出了适度的要求，任何可能的不规则性都被密封件吸收了。
附图说明
下面将结合附图详细地描述本发明，附图中相同的部件用相同的附图标记标出。
图1是根据本发明的连续安装以形成路面的三个装置的截面图，其中一个装置显示了截面图。
图2是从上方看图1所示的结构简化图。
图3是图1中C-C面的剖视图。
具体实施方式
从图1可见，根据本发明的装置包括一台具有涡轮叶片12的涡轮机10，安装在涡轮机壳体30内的支柱22上。涡轮机壳体可由混凝土制成，可以是飘浮就位并安置在海床上所期望的位置处的预制构件，使得最上部分(路面40)位于最高记录水位以上。如图1所示涡轮机壳体30除潮流流经的水流开口32之外是封闭的。图1中最右边的涡轮壳体里，涡轮壳罩被移除以显示壳体内部结构和涡轮机的安装。从图中可见，涡轮机连接在发电机38上(相对于上述路面40的某种水平合适地定位在发电机壳体39里)。其优点是发电机38安全地定位在最高记录水位以上，而且易于接近以操作和维修。
图2示出了从上方看到的结构，涡轮机壳体30具有一个通常被盖44盖住的进入口45。在要对整个涡轮发电机组进行安装、全面保养和取出时，可很容易地将诸如车辆的安装设备42定位在进入口45之上，将整个涡轮发电机组取出或放下。
如上所述，根据本发明的装置包括安装在支柱22上的涡轮机10。支柱上端连接到发电机38，并且下端支撑在涡轮机壳体底部上的支点24处。下支点有利地可以是例如橡胶制成的水润滑旋转连接，从而使整个涡轮支柱结构绕垂直轴线旋转。
图1和图3示出了在发电机上方安装在支柱上的基本上为圆形的部件28。这一部件沿涡轮机方向上逐渐变细，以使涡轮机壳体的水流开口32缩小到几乎等于涡轮机叶片12限定的直径尺寸。当然，使用所谓的文丘里原理既可以增加流速又可以从水中取得尽可能多的能量是众所周知的。
部件28上方的涡轮机壳体中的区域最好是干的，那意味着水将不流进这个空间。为了提供所述支柱22的水平支撑，在支柱上部处设置多个旋转元件36，当电厂运行时，所述多个旋转元件36与涡轮机壳体的部分内壁结合。这些旋转元件(图中只显示了其中的三个)优选为液动式或电动式橡胶轮。除了提供水平支撑外，这些旋转元件或轮子36也可实现涡轮机需要相对于水流方向转动时的实际转动。在需要随变化的潮流转动涡轮机时，简单地致动轮子36，轮子和涡轮机壳体内壁之间的摩擦使支柱22转动。轮子36优选地填充有比如空气和/或其他气体和/或液体的一种或多种流体。
为防止从流动区域泄漏到圆形部件28上方的部分中，可以绕圆形部件28最大周边设置密封件。这一密封件34例如可以是橡胶管，其可利用液动或气动方式选择性地受到膨胀和收缩，除上述功用，密封件还有助于将支柱维持在所需要状态(换句话说，是一种锁定机构)，并且可以阻止涡轮机将运转时的振动(和因此产生的噪音)传递到涡轮机壳体中。密封件34还有效地吸收涡轮机壳体内壁上的不规则性。密封件的刚度有利地是作为实际负载和振动的函数可调节的。而且，密封件有利地是当涡轮机转动时可以收缩以及当涡轮机转入新的所需状态时可以膨胀。这种收缩和膨胀有利地可以是自动的，并且与随潮流方向变化而进行的涡轮机转动同步。
众所周知，重要的是应当将水体中的能量尽可能多的传递到涡轮机叶片。那就是说，为了在流经涡轮叶片之后的转动，有需要让水尽可能的自由。这是通过公知的方式获得的，就是通过导向叶片将某种旋转施加给水体，使得在水体冲击涡轮机叶片之前，水体沿与涡轮机旋转方向相反的方向旋转。在根据本发明的装置中，这是使支柱22本身做成导向叶片的形式来解决的。图3所示：从A-A截面和B-B截面清楚地看到支柱具有一种截面轮廓，其可提供与在水流通过涡轮叶片12时的旋转方向相反的旋转。
从图1和图2可见，所需数目的本发明的装置可连续安排以形成路面40的基础。所述涡轮机壳体30可以是漂浮到位的预制部件。因此本发明提供一种节省成本的由潮汐发电的装置。机械可以快速、有效地从海中拉起，并被送到服务设施中，不需任何潜水员和昂贵的起重船。在装置的提升和安装期间，旋转元件(橡胶轮子)36可以收缩以便机组的提升或降低。当机组就位于涡轮机壳体中时，轮子被膨胀直至得到与内壁31所需的接触为止。
如上所述，当潮流变向时，旋转元件和密封件的控制是自动的，优选地由电脑控制。密封件34(如扁管)里的内压介质被抽出致使密封件处于非作用状态，基本上不与混凝土墙壁接触。然后启动旋转发动机，转动部件36受到驱动直到涡轮机转动180度。压力介质随后被泵到密封件里，该密封件处在膨胀状态，在涡轮机和涡轮机壳体之间提供牢固却有弹力的连接。
本发明提供一种对两种水流方向来说均是高效的简易涡轮机结构。易损坏的装置如发电机和其它电力设备被保护地放置在最高正常水位以上。此外，还获得了成本效益和涡轮发电机装置与涡轮机壳之间的降噪连接。
Claims (10)
1、一种潮汐发电机装置，它包括一台安装在涡轮机壳体(30)内绕一基本垂直的轴线转动的涡轮机(10)，其特征在于，涡轮机(10)连接于支柱(22)上，该支柱下部枢轴地支撑在涡轮机壳体下部的支点(24)处，水平面内的上部由与涡轮机壳体部分内壁结合的多个旋转元件(36)来支撑，从而所述涡轮机可在所述涡轮机壳体内选择地转动，以使涡轮机总是相对于主水流方向处于最佳位置。
2、如权利要求1所述的潮汐发电机装置，其特征在于，所述旋转元件(36)是可致动的，并引起所述涡轮机选择性地转动。
3、如权利要求2所述的潮汐发电机装置，其特征在于，旋转元件是液动或电动操作的轮子。
4、如权利要求1所述的潮汐发电机装置，其特征在于，在涡轮机(10)与旋转元件(36)之间的支柱上有一圆形部件(28)，该圆形部件延涡轮机方向上逐渐变细，以使涡轮机壳体的水流开口(32)缩小到等于涡轮机叶片(12)限定的直径尺寸。
5、如权利要求1所述的潮汐发电机装置，其特征在于，在支柱上水平面内的圆形部件(28)的密封件(34)具有比支柱大的外周，其中所述部件安置在涡轮机(10)和旋转元件(36)之间，所述密封件沿圆形部件(28)的最大外周放置。
6、如权利要求5所述的潮汐发电机装置，其特征在于，所述密封件(34)可以选择地接触涡轮机壳体内壁(31)的周围部分，以将所述支撑柱保持在所需位置上，进而防止水进入所述圆形部件(28)之上的空间，并防止将振动从运转时的涡轮机传递到涡轮机壳体(30)。
7、如权利要求1所述的潮汐发电机装置，其特征在于，所述支柱(22)的至少一部分制成导向叶片形式，以在运行期间给水流一个旋转方向，该旋转方向与水流通过涡轮叶片(12)时被给予的转动方向相反。
8、如权利要求4所述的潮汐发电机装置，其特征在于，涡轮机(10)和发电机(38)间的能量转换通过所述支柱(22)的内部通道提供，所述发电机放置在所述圆形部件(28)之上的水平。
9、如权利要求1所述的潮汐发电机装置，其特征在于，所述涡轮机壳体(30)是预制构件，它能飘浮到发电位置并安装在海床上，使得涡轮机壳体的上部将处于所记录的正常水位以上的水平。
10、如权利要求8所述的潮汐发电机装置，其特征在于，所述发电机放置在涡轮机壳体(30)之上的水平。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20033625A NO318654B1 (no) | 2003-08-14 | 2003-08-14 | Anordning ved tidevannsdrevet energigenerator |
| NO20033625 | 2003-08-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1836101A CN1836101A (zh) | 2006-09-20 |
| CN100532830C true CN100532830C (zh) | 2009-08-26 |
Family
ID=28036440
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200480023007XA Active CN100532830C (zh) | 2003-08-14 | 2004-08-12 | 潮汐发电机 |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1654458B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4571134B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100790082B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN100532830C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE364788T1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2534555C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE602004007006T2 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2287771T3 (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO318654B1 (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT1654458E (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2315890C2 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2005017349A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR200426926Y1 (ko) * | 2006-05-02 | 2006-09-20 | (주)레네테크 | 작동이 용이한 조류발전장치 |
| GB2441769B (en) | 2006-09-12 | 2011-05-18 | Limited Tidal Generation | Water current power generating devices |
| KR100801441B1 (ko) * | 2006-11-22 | 2008-02-11 | 주식회사 삼안 | 신축이음 및 내부 속 채움을 갖는 조력발전소용 수차구조물 및 수문구조물 |
| GB2455784B (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2012-10-24 | Tidal Energy Ltd | Tidal flow power generation |
| GB2463504B (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2011-02-16 | Verderg Ltd | Method and apparatus for installing tidal barrages |
| KR100890029B1 (ko) | 2008-10-29 | 2009-03-25 | 현대엔지니어링 주식회사 | 수문 수납형 조력발전 방조제용 수로 |
| US8400006B2 (en) * | 2009-09-02 | 2013-03-19 | Blue Energy Canada Inc. | Hydrodynamic array |
| NO330474B1 (no) | 2009-08-31 | 2011-04-26 | Tidetec As | Anordning for utvinning av tidevanns- og bolgeenergi |
| DE102009053879A1 (de) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-26 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Gezeitenkraftwerk und Verfahren für dessen Erstellung |
| PT2547898T (pt) | 2010-03-16 | 2022-08-09 | Verderg Ltd | Dispositivo para a produção de energia a partir de um fluxo fluido. |
| WO2012055042A1 (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2012-05-03 | Blue Energy Canada Inc. | Hydrodynamic array with mass transit tunnels |
| CN102536599B (zh) * | 2011-12-31 | 2015-03-18 | 李殿海 | 水下涡轮发电机 |
| US8459020B1 (en) * | 2012-03-24 | 2013-06-11 | Paul M Swamidass | Wave and water energy converter mounted on bridge supports |
| NO334729B1 (no) | 2012-04-18 | 2014-05-19 | Tidetec As | Anordning og fremgangsmåte for konstruksjon av en barriere mellom vannmasser |
| GB2503250B (en) | 2012-06-20 | 2015-05-27 | Verderg Ltd | Apparatus for converting energy from fluid flow |
| CA3020569C (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2020-08-04 | Hangzhou Lhd Institute Of New Energy, Llc | Modularized ocean energy generating device and built-in module thereof |
| GB2524782B (en) | 2014-04-02 | 2016-04-20 | Verderg Ltd | Turbine assembly |
| NO341670B1 (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2017-12-18 | Tidetec As | An energy generating arrangement powered by tidal water and a method for providing such an arrangement |
| CN106365083B (zh) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-08-17 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种船载潮流发电水轮机翻转装置 |
| KR20180093327A (ko) | 2017-02-13 | 2018-08-22 | 정주섭 | 전력저장 장치 |
| WO2019048053A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-14 | Tidetec As | POWER GENERATING ARRANGEMENT POWERED BY TIDE WATER |
| EP4127450A4 (en) | 2020-03-25 | 2024-05-08 | Gregory Francis Bird | WAVE PROTECTION AND POWER PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND ASSEMBLIES |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE373639B (sv) * | 1973-06-18 | 1975-02-10 | M W Gustafson | Anordning for att tillvarata energi som er bunden i vattnets vagrorelse eller sjohevning |
| US5440176A (en) * | 1994-10-18 | 1995-08-08 | Haining Michael L | Ocean current power generator |
| GB2298004B (en) * | 1995-02-16 | 1999-06-30 | Neil Kermode | Power generation system |
| GB9606743D0 (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1996-06-05 | I T Power Limited | Column mounted water current turbine |
| US6652221B1 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2003-11-25 | Peter Praenkel | Water current turbine sleeve mounting |
-
2003
- 2003-08-14 NO NO20033625A patent/NO318654B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-08-12 JP JP2006523153A patent/JP4571134B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-12 CA CA002534555A patent/CA2534555C/en active Active
- 2004-08-12 CN CNB200480023007XA patent/CN100532830C/zh active Active
- 2004-08-12 EP EP04775028A patent/EP1654458B1/en active Active
- 2004-08-12 KR KR1020067002684A patent/KR100790082B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-08-12 DE DE602004007006T patent/DE602004007006T2/de active Active
- 2004-08-12 AT AT04775028T patent/ATE364788T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-08-12 PT PT04775028T patent/PT1654458E/pt unknown
- 2004-08-12 RU RU2006107934/06A patent/RU2315890C2/ru active
- 2004-08-12 ES ES04775028T patent/ES2287771T3/es active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2534555A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
| DE602004007006T2 (de) | 2008-02-21 |
| JP4571134B2 (ja) | 2010-10-27 |
| NO318654B1 (no) | 2005-04-25 |
| CA2534555C (en) | 2008-11-18 |
| KR100790082B1 (ko) | 2008-01-02 |
| ATE364788T1 (de) | 2007-07-15 |
| WO2005017349A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
| CN1836101A (zh) | 2006-09-20 |
| DE602004007006D1 (de) | 2007-07-26 |
| RU2006107934A (ru) | 2006-07-27 |
| RU2315890C2 (ru) | 2008-01-27 |
| EP1654458A1 (en) | 2006-05-10 |
| KR20060060011A (ko) | 2006-06-02 |
| EP1654458B1 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
| PT1654458E (pt) | 2007-08-23 |
| NO20033625D0 (no) | 2003-08-14 |
| JP2007502383A (ja) | 2007-02-08 |
| ES2287771T3 (es) | 2007-12-16 |
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