CN100532534C - 一种能够消化琼脂的真菌 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于工业微生物技术领域,具体涉及一种能消化琼脂的真菌。通过梯度稀释法对来自海南尖峰岭的枯落物中的微生物在纯琼脂培养基上的筛选,我们获得了一株重要的能够消化琼脂的真菌——枝状枝孢菌。并对获得的菌株进行了形态与分子鉴定。同时为进一步确定该菌对琼脂的利用,用六种常见的真菌作为对照,结果发现该六种对照菌几乎不能利用琼脂生长。证明所筛选的菌株确实利用了琼脂进行生长。该菌株能够降解或消化琼脂,以充分利用工业与实验培养中所产生的琼脂废料。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明属于工业微生物技术领域,具体涉及一种能消化琼脂的真菌。
二、背景技术
琼脂是一种在某些红藻细胞壁中发现的多聚糖,它的主要化学成分是多聚半乳糖的硫酸脂,包括D-葡萄糖醛酸、L-半乳糖、D-半乳糖、3,6-脱水-L-半乳糖和丙酮酸等。化学结构也可进行修饰成琼脂糖以供特殊应用。琼脂加入培养基中很容易就使基质变成固体。早期的生物学家试图用凝胶固化培养基,但是许多微生物能够消化它,因为许多微生物能够分泌蛋白酶,引起了凝胶的液化。而琼脂化学结构稳定,是一种糖的衍生物,因而不受蛋白酶的影响,不易被菌丝分解利用,在培养基中仅起凝固剂的作用,其在96℃时融化成液体,冷却到45℃以下即重新凝固。由于用琼脂配制的固体培养基清晰透明,便于观察菌丝的形态,故成为常规斜面或平板培养基不可缺少的材料。因此一般认为没有微生物能够利用琼脂。但是现在,这种认识可能会误导我们,特别是在微生物的定量实验中。我们在实验中发现了一株真菌—Cladosporium cladosporioides TXJ13021,它能够消化纯琼脂进行生长。
Cladosporium cladosporioides是一种分布比较普遍的一种腐生兼寄生的真菌,对该菌的研究主要集中在病原菌(Moore et al.,2001.Mycopathologia,154:25-28;Richards and Beuchat,2005.International Journal of Food Microbiology,103:1-10)与金属生物吸附(Pethkar et al.,2001.Bioresource Technology,80:211-215;Buszman et al.,2006.Science of the Total Environment,363:195-205)等方面。而对于该菌在琼脂利用方面未见报道。对于该菌的研究可以了解,并非没有微生物能够利用与消化琼脂作为营养源。
三、发明内容
本发明需要解决的问题是利用微生物消化琼脂,让研究者了解,并非琼脂不能够被微生物所利用与消化,以便于在以后的微生物研究,特别是涉及到琼脂的微生物定量研究中,提供有用的帮助,同时也为琼脂的降解提供一定的研究基础。
本发明采用的真菌是枝状枝孢菌Cladosporium cladosporioides TXJ13021(以下简称为TXJ13021菌株),保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏日期为2007年3月23日,保藏号为CGMCC1987。
本发明的生产菌株TXJ13021菌株分自我国海南尖峰岭山地雨林的枯落物。分离制备按照常规梯度稀释法。即将枯落物用水洗脱,然后将洗脱液进行梯度稀释,将稀释液接种在固体纯琼脂培养基上,过一段时间将存活在上面的菌进行再培养,获得菌株。然后为进一步确定菌株是否利用了纯琼脂,将六种常见菌种接于纯琼脂培养基,发现几乎均未生长,而所获得的菌株能够顺利生长。
本发明进行了菌落的形态与孢子、菌丝的观察,生长特点,以及18S rDNA序列分析,将该菌株鉴定为Cladosporium cladosporioides的一个新菌株(TXJ13021)。该菌株具有以下特征:①菌落为不规则近圆形,菌落平坦,气生菌丝不发达,菌落为灰黑色;②菌落在温度为28℃和pH7.0的条件下生长旺盛;③与其它常见菌相比,菌株能生长在纯琼脂上面,无需加任何其它营养;④18SrDNA序列分析结果在GenBank中进行最大同源性比对,结果发现18S rDNA的测序结果与Cladosporium cladosporioides 18S rDNA序列同源性达到100%。本发明的有益效果是:枝状枝孢菌Cladosporium cladosporioidesTXJ13021具有稳定的天然原料来源,菌种来源于枯落物,筛选方法简单;产品质量稳定,好氧型易保存,对光、温度、酸碱均有较强的稳定性。枝状枝孢菌Cladosporium cladosporioides TXJ13021能够消化琼脂,以降解微生物工业或实验培养中所产生的琼脂废料,纠正了传统上认为微生物不能消化利用琼脂的误区,为琼脂的微生物定量研究提供有益的帮助。
四、具体实施方式
1.TXJ13021菌株的分离、鉴定
枯落物来自海南尖峰岭,将枯落物在无菌操作台内用灭菌的剪刀剪成2mm×2mm左右的小块,然后称取1克左右,加入试管中,再加入9ml的无菌水,振荡1min,然后,用梯度稀释法,将菌悬液稀释成10-1,10-2,10-3,10-4,四个浓度,取10-3,10-4,两个浓度的菌悬液接种到纯琼脂培养基(2%琼脂,pH7.0)上,然后将接种的培养皿在28℃下置于培养箱培养20天观察存活的菌株。存活的菌落为灰黑色,首先进行了形态鉴定,确定为同一种,然后进行18S rDNA序列分析,鉴定为Cladosporium cladosporioides TXJ13021。
2.TXJ13021菌株对琼脂的利用
为进一步确定TXJ13021菌株对琼脂的利用,Penicillium frequentans,Geotrichum candidum,Trichoderma viride,Aspergillus flavus,Penicillumsimplicissimum,and Oosporium sp.六种真菌作为对照。将TXJ13021菌株与该六种真菌接种于纯琼脂培养基上,然后将接种的培养皿在28℃下置于培养箱培养20天。结果发现作为对照的六种真菌在纯琼脂培养基上几乎不能生长,而TXJ13021菌株在20天生长菌落直径为约为3.6cm。另外,也设置了培养基对照,该六种真菌在养分充足的虎红培养基上面的生长速度大多数较TXJ13021菌株要快。
TXJ13021菌株与六种常见菌在虎红培养基与纯琼脂培养基上的生长比较
表中列中的数据后的小写字母表示相互之间存在显著差异(p<0.05)。
Claims (2)
1、一种能消化琼脂的真菌,其特征是枝状枝孢菌Cladosporium cladosporioidesTXJ13021,菌株分离自海南尖峰岭,枝状枝孢菌Cladosporium cladosporioidesTXJ13021保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏号CGMCC No.1987。
2、权利要求1所述枝状枝孢菌Cladosporium cladosporioides TXJ13021在消化琼脂中的应用。
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CN105238703B (zh) * | 2015-10-27 | 2018-05-25 | 江南大学 | 一株高产阿魏酸酯酶的枝状枝孢菌及在食醋酿造中的应用 |
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芽枝状枝孢霉和蜡蚧轮枝菌防治湿地松粉蚧研究初报. 潘务耀,叶燕华,殷凤鸣,陈权才.森林病虫通讯. 1994 |
芽枝状枝孢霉和蜡蚧轮枝菌防治湿地松粉蚧研究初报. 潘务耀,叶燕华,殷凤鸣,陈权才.森林病虫通讯. 1994 * |
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