CN100529536C

CN100529536C - Honeycomb grate cremation furnace

Info

Publication number: CN100529536C
Application number: CNB2007100636248A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 史金麟
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-02-07
Filing date: 2007-02-07
Publication date: 2009-08-19
Anticipated expiration: 2027-02-07
Also published as: CN101240899A; WO2008095410A1

Abstract

The present invention provides a honeycomb grate incinerator, including a furnace mantle, characterized in that furnace brick lining (30) and honeycomb grate (20) are built in the furnace mantle (10); honeycomb grate (20) has grate having hollow passage (21), the outboard end of the honeycomb grate (20) is cotact with the internal surface of the furnace mantle (10), the inner end has multiple air gates (22) to connect the hollow passage (21) and the furnace (12); the hollow passage (21) is also connected with the suction port (11). The honeycomb grate (20) is composed of multiple grate bricks (20A). The grate bricks is composed of two grate cells (20B). The invention realizes complete combustion of the city household garbage, having better environment protection. The equipment has less amount, low investment. The furnace of the special grate bricks made by grate cells is convenient change. The invention burns according to the process requirement, especially fit for burning adopting gasification-incineration synthesis gas method.

Description

Honeycomb grate cremation furnace

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of incinerator, particularly a kind of honeycomb grate cremation furnace.

Background technology

The fire grate form of existing incinerator is reinforcing rod fire grate, traveling-grate stoker, the boiling of blast cap formula fire grate, mechanical reciprocal grate and several forms of drum grate, the incinerator that has these fire grates has a shortcoming, promptly can not burn domestic waste fully, the for example slag that forms of organic wastewater press filtration or the slag of other house refuse, after this slag drying is burned, its particle is very tiny, and unburned waste water slag will be left out by mistake in the slag and pollute.In addition, the nuisances such as dioxin in the burning gases are difficult for removing.A kind of improved combustion method is to be burnt by 2 sections rotary furnaces, and equipment is made up of Roarykiln and vertical rotary furnace, first section is adopted Roarykiln to carry out burning for anoxic, do not have naked light during heating, fire box temperature≤600 ℃ make it produce imflammable gas; Second section is adopted vertical rotary furnace, accept from Roarykiln≤600 ℃ the imflammable gas and the rubbish of carbonization, carry out naked light and burn, temperature can reach 1350 ℃.This combustion method is called gasification-burning synthetic gas method, and is comparatively advanced, domestic waste completing combustion significantly can be reduced and pollutes.Gasification-burning synthetic gas method is accepted by CDM executive director club, adopts that the waste incineration engineering of this method is registrable to be the CDM project, uses the datum line of AM0025 " methodology ".Though above-mentioned combustion method can solve the Air problem, adopt 2 equipment, also need to carry≤equipment of 600 ℃ imflammable gas and the rubbish of carbonization.Investment, operating cost is huge.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of honeycomb grate cremation furnace, it can solve above-mentioned deficiency, can thoroughly burn burning domestic waste, to solve environmental pollution problems, only domestic waste thoroughly can be burnt, greatly improve environmental sanitation with a honeycomb grate cremation furnace; Do not have dioxin and unburned waste water slag pollutes.Equipment investment greatly reduces, operating cost significantly reduces.The present invention is specially adapted to adopt advanced gasification-burning synthesis gas method to come disposal of refuse.

The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical scheme.

The present invention is a honeycomb grate cremation furnace, comprises furnace shell, it is characterized in that: built furnace lining and honeycomb fire grate in described furnace shell by laying bricks or stones, described furnace lining is built by laying bricks or stones at the furnace shell inner surface; Described honeycomb fire grate is the fire grate that has hollow channel, and the outboard end of honeycomb fire grate contacts with the inner surface of furnace shell, has some ventholes on its inboard end described hollow channel is communicated with burner hearth; Described hollow channel communicates with air admission hole on the furnace shell again.

Described honeycomb fire grate is made of some fire grate bricks, described fire grate brick has passage, the inboard end surfaces of fire grate brick has venthole and communicates with described passage, the outer surface of each described fire grate brick is axially built by laying bricks or stones along the furnace shell inner surface, forms the honeycomb fire grate that has hollow channel and venthole.

Described fire grate brick is made of 2 fire grate units.

Having ventilation groove and air admission hole on the outer surface of described furnace lining leads to; The described groove of respectively ventilating also directly communicates with the hollow channel of honeycomb fire grate.

Have some combustion chambers in the furnace shell of described incinerator, in described each combustion chamber, built described furnace lining and honeycomb fire grate by laying bricks or stones.

Have first combustion chamber, second combustion chamber and the 3rd combustion chamber of from first to last arranging in the furnace shell of described incinerator, in first combustion chamber with in second combustion chamber, has described honeycomb fire grate, at the respective cell fire grate place that is furnished with the pore place, on corresponding furnace lining, have the ventilation groove, and the ventilation groove communicates with the hollow channel and the air admission hole of honeycomb fire grate.

The sine value at the axle center of described incinerator and the inclination angle of horizontal plane is 3% to 4%.

At the head of described incinerator, have and spray into the nozzle that pulverized limestone is used.

The present invention adopts the honeycomb fire grate, and the honeycomb fire grate has changed the air supply mode of this incinerator, by the combustion chamber air-supply of air admission hole, ventilation groove diverse location in burner hearth, quantity-adjustable; The combustion process that replaces two original (horizontal+vertical) rotary furnaces.For example, the present invention is provided with first section (first combustion chamber) and carries out the anoxic burning in burner hearth, produce flammable forming gas; Second section (second combustion chamber) burns synthesis gas.The present invention has also saved the conveying device of carrying the costliness that imflammable gas and carbonization rubbish uses except that replacing two original rotary furnaces, manufacturing cost declines to a great extent.On furnace binding, adopt the honeycomb fire grate, by position, the combustion chamber air-supply of air admission hole, ventilation groove diverse location in burner hearth, control temperature, air quantity are to guarantee carrying air quantity by burning process requirement air-supply, to carry out the anoxic heating and to burn synthesis gas.Its burning thoroughly in the 3rd combustion chamber, utilizes the combustion air of combustion chamber, front remnants, makes the abundant after-flame of rubbish, and can eliminate dioxin in the gas and the slag cadmium in total.Adopt special-purpose fire grate brick, be convenient to build by laying bricks or stones; This special-purpose fire grate brick can use the fire grate unit by the mould batch making to form.With the brick honeycomb fire grate of building of fire grate, its brickwork, maintenance, it is convenient to change part.The present invention can carry out work according to temperature, the time graph of technological requirement, realizes the thorough burning of domestic waste, and to solve environmental pollution problems, its number of devices is reduced to one, and device structure is simple.

In sum, the present invention can realize the thorough burning of domestic waste, and to solve problem of environmental pollution, environment protecting is good.Its number of devices reduces, and invests low; Device structure is simple.Employing is formed special-purpose fire grate brick by the fire grate unit of mould batch making, its brickwork, and maintenance, it is convenient to change part; Investment, operating cost significantly reduce.The present invention can be burnt according to technological requirement, is suitable for adopting the burning that gasification-the burning synthetic gas method carries out especially.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a scheme of installation of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a body of heater schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the A-A profile among Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is the B-B profile among Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is the C-C profile among Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is the D-D profile among Fig. 3.

Fig. 7 is the E-E profile among Fig. 4.

Fig. 8 is the F-F profile among Fig. 3.

Code name explanation among the figure

10 furnace shells

11 air admission holes

12 burner hearth 12A, the first combustion chamber 12B, the second combustion chamber 12C the 3rd combustion chamber

13 charging apertures, 14 discharge gates

The 20 honeycomb fire grate 20A fire grate brick 20B fire grates 20C of unit outside left 20D interface

21 hollow

channel 21A passages

22,22A venthole

30 furnace linings, 31 ventilation grooves connect groove 32

40 nozzles

50 roller mount

60 driving mechanisms, 61 motor, 62 decelerators, 63,64 gears

70 admission gears

The specific embodiment

As Fig. 1,2 for the scheme of installation of honeycomb grate cremation furnace of the present invention.Furnace shell 10 is supported on the roller mount 50, drives this furnace shell 10 by the motor in the driving mechanism 60 61, decelerator 62,

gear

63,64 and rotates.Charging aperture 13, nozzle 40 are contained in head, and discharge gate 14 is contained in afterbody; From charging aperture 13 chargings, after burning, discharge from discharge gate 14.Admission gear 70 is positioned at air admission hole 11 places of furnace shell 10, by admission gear 70 each air admission hole 11 air inlet on furnace shell 10." inboard " described in the literary composition refers to the position nearer apart from the axle center of this part, and " outside " refers to the position far away apart from the axle center of this part; " front and rear direction " described in the literary composition refers to the front and rear direction by incinerator.

As Fig. 3,5,6, in described furnace shell 10, built furnace lining 30 and honeycomb fire grate 20 by laying bricks or stones, described furnace lining 30 is built by laying bricks or stones at furnace shell 10 inner surfaces;

Described honeycomb fire grate 20 is for having the fire grate of hollow channel 21, and the outside of honeycomb fire grate 20 contacts with the inner surface of furnace shell 10, on its inboard position (above furnace lining 30), has some ventholes 22, and described hollow channel 21 is communicated with burner hearth 12; Described hollow channel 21 again with furnace shell 10 on air admission hole 11 (through ventilation groove 31) communicate (to hollow channel 21 from air admission hole 11 air inlets, through some ventholes 22 air is delivered to each hot spots of burner hearth 12, to regulate the temperature of each hot spots in the burner hearth 12).

Described honeycomb fire grate 20 is made of some fire grate brick 20A, described fire grate brick 20A has passage 21A, the inboard end surfaces of fire grate brick 20A has venthole 22A and communicates with described passage 21A, outer surface axially the building by laying bricks or stones of each described fire grate brick 20A along furnace shell 10 inner surfaces, (the forward and backward 2 ends sealing of hollow channel 21) forms the honeycomb fire grate 20 that has hollow channel and venthole.

Fire grate brick 20A as shown in Figure 6 is made of 2 20B of fire grate unit, is docked by interface 20D place (shown in the imaginary line).For the ease of using the mould batch making, ensure the quality of products to boost productivity, with the 20B of the fire grate unit butt joint of 2 shape symmetries, constitute fire grate brick 20A during use.

As Fig. 3,6,8, on the outer surface of described furnace lining 30, have ventilation groove 31 and lead to air admission hole 11; The described groove 31 of respectively ventilating (respectively ventilating has the groove 32 of connection between the groove 31, so that each ventilation groove 31 is communicated with) also directly communicates with the hollow channel 21 of honeycomb fire grate 20.When building by laying bricks or stones, the outside left 20C (shown in Fig. 6 imaginary line) of fire grate brick 20A is removed, hollow channel 21 is directly communicated with ventilation groove 31 on furnace lining 30 outer surfaces.

Have some combustion chambers in the furnace shell 10 of described incinerator, in described each combustion chamber, built described furnace lining 30 and honeycomb fire grate 20 by laying bricks or stones.As Fig. 1,2, in the present embodiment, have the first combustion chamber 12A, the second combustion chamber 12B and the 3rd combustion chamber 12C that from first to last arrange in the furnace shell 10 of described incinerator, in first combustion chamber with in second combustion chamber, has described honeycomb fire grate 20: be positioned at the first combustion chamber 12A section, be furnished with less pore 11 (being mainly used in the air-supply of heating when producing flammable synthesis gas), on the corresponding furnace lining 30 at this place, have ventilation groove 31 (Fig. 3,6).Be positioned at the second combustion chamber 12B section, be furnished with more pore 11 (air-supply when being mainly used in this synthesis gas of burning), on the corresponding furnace lining 30 at this place, having ventilation groove 31.As Fig. 8, each is ventilated and is communicated with connecting groove 32 between the groove 31.The ventilation groove 31 at this place directly communicates with the hollow channel 21 of honeycomb fire grate 20 and air admission hole 11 and (when building by laying bricks or stones the outside of fire grate brick 20A is removed, hollow channel 21 is directly communicated with ventilation groove 31 on furnace lining 30 outer surfaces, to enter air smoothly, regulate heating-up temperature as requested); As Fig. 4,7, at each respective cell fire grate 20 place that is not furnished with air admission hole 11, on corresponding furnace lining 30, do not have ventilation groove 31 (outside with fire grate brick 20A when building by laying bricks or stones keeps), make air can be not directly from the furnace shell 10 air admission hole 11 directly warps send into air from venthole 22 to burner hearth 12; But air admission hole 11 is from afar supplied gas to burner hearth 12 through venthole 22 through one section hollow channel 21 of honeycomb fire grate 20 again.

As Fig. 1,2, the sine value at the axle center of described incinerator and the inclination angle of horizontal plane is 3% to 4%.Install in the low mode of head height tail.

As Fig. 1, have at the head of described incinerator and to spray into the nozzle 40 that pulverized limestone is used, be used to spray into pulverized limestone, come HCl in the chemical combination flue gas with pulverized limestone, to remove dioxin.

During work, honeycomb fire grate 20 installs and fixes along rotary furnace housing 10 internal layers one circle.The inner burner hearth 12 of rotary furnace (length of present embodiment is 26m) is divided into 3 combustion chambers, i.e. first, second and

third combustion chamber

12A, 12B, 12C.Build a honeycomb fire grate 20 among first and second combustion chamber 12A, the 12B by laying bricks or stones, the combustion air among first and second combustion chamber 12A, the 12B is that the venthole 22 by honeycomb fire grate 20 sprays in the burner hearth 12.The 3rd combustion chamber 12C does not install honeycomb briquet stove row.Carry out anaerobic decay in the first combustion chamber 12A: the combustion air that control is sent into accounts for 25% of combustion air total amount, is less than theoretical combustion air, is not enough to produce naked light.So incineration temperature is in the time of 450 ℃～600 ℃, rubbish is dried gasification and is decomposed, and imflammable gas such as a large amount of hydrocarbons of generation flow to the second combustion chamber 12B.The rate of gasification of first combustion chamber about 65%.Thermal source: spray diesel oil igniting when playing stove, fire box temperature reaches more than 800 ℃, begins to send into rubbish.The imflammable gas that garbage decomposition forms enters the second combustion chamber naked light burning, and the part of calory burning is back to first combustion chamber.

Burn in the second combustion chamber anaerobic decay and naked light:

A) anaerobic decay: the rubbish of first combustion chamber, descending with the revolution of rotary furnace, rubbish sinks to the Lower Half of burner hearth 12 all the time behind second combustion chamber.The venthole 22 of honeycomb fire grate 20 is along this combustion chamber (rotary furnace) circle equiblibrium mass distribution.Sink to the rubbish of Lower Half, blocked the venthole 22 (air intake aperture) of Lower Half, the burner hearth Lower Half is in anoxic gasification operating mode, and garbage decomposition produces imflammable gas.One, two combustion chamber rate of gasification add up to 〉=90%.

B) naked light burns: send into the combustion air of second combustion chamber, account for 75% of combustion air total amount, spray into (here without any stopping) burner hearth from the venthole 22 of honeycomb fire grate 20 first halves.The combustion air of capacity is being met imflammable gas and is being caught fire, temperature 〉=1200 ℃.Send into combustion air temperature≤220 ℃ of burner hearth, thereby fire box temperature reduces and keeps 1000～1080 ℃.

Surface combustion in the 3rd combustion chamber 12C:

With the revolution of rotary furnace, the rubbish of carbonization enters the 3rd combustion chamber.Air is not sent in the 3rd combustion chamber, utilizes the combustion air of combustion chamber, front remnants, makes the abundant after-flame of rubbish.This chamber temperature 〉=900 ℃.Stove tail exhaust gas temperature 〉=850 ℃.Boiler slag carbon content＜1%.

About 90 minutes of the waste incineration time in the stove, flue gas in stove the holdup time＞2-3 second.

Slag is discharged from the discharging opening 14 of the stove tail of rotary furnace.

Advantage of the present invention:

(1) dioxin " zero-emission ", honeycomb fire grate 20 can be lifted to the rubbish of burner hearth continuously the certain altitude free skating and fall, Rubbish forms the Micro Fluid attitude at burner hearth and burns (turbulivity is fine). The pulverized limestone that sprays into the nozzle 40 of incinerator burner, with The HCl reaction of burner hearth is generated as CaCl₂(and calcium sulfate) salt is discharged. Burner hearth HCl gas is removed continuously. The environment that does not have HCl gas, dioxin can't generate. Dioxin is the H atom in the Benzene Molecule, by in the HCl molecule The Cl atom replaces rear and generates. The quantity that the Cl atom replaces is different with the position, and symbiosis becomes 178 kinds of isomers, the general designation dioxin. Burner hearth HCl gas is removed continuously, and phenyl ring generates dioxin and lacks the Cl atom, can't become dioxin.

(2) slag does not contain cadmium

767 ℃ of the gasification temperatures of " cadmium ". Rubbish is at 900 ℃--and burn under 1080 ℃ of operating modes, the cadmium gasification is the flue gas form, after the inflow The road flue gas purification system, the active carbon adsorption that is injected into is collected by sack cleaner, and garbage slag does not contain cadmium, the slag carbon containing Amount (C)＜1%.

(3) burning is not thoroughly sent into air in the 3rd combustion chamber, utilizes the combustion air of combustion chamber, front remnants, makes rubbish abundant After-flame.

Claims

1. honeycomb grate cremation furnace comprises furnace shell, it is characterized in that: built furnace lining (30) and honeycomb fire grate (20) in described furnace shell (10) by laying bricks or stones; Described honeycomb fire grate (20) is for having the fire grate of hollow channel (21), and the outboard end of honeycomb fire grate (20) contacts with the inner surface of furnace shell (10), has some ventholes (22) on its inboard end described hollow channel (21) is communicated with burner hearth (12); Described hollow channel (21) communicates with air admission hole (11) on the furnace shell (10) again; Burner hearth (12) in the described furnace shell (10) comprises first combustion chamber (12A), second combustion chamber (12B) and the 3rd combustion chamber (12C), three combustion chambers are arranged in order from front to back and communicate, in position corresponding to first combustion chamber and second combustion chamber, has described honeycomb fire grate (20), the respective cell fire grate (20) that air admission hole (11) locates that is furnished with at first combustion chamber (12A), second combustion chamber (12B) is located, on the outer surface of corresponding furnace lining (30), has ventilation groove (31); And described ventilation groove (31) communicates with the hollow channel (21) and the air admission hole (11) of honeycomb fire grate (20).

2. honeycomb grate cremation furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the sine value at the axle center of described incinerator and the inclination angle of horizontal plane is 3% to 4%.

3. honeycomb grate cremation furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that: at the head of described incinerator, have the nozzle (40) that sprays into pulverized limestone and use.