WO2008095410A1

WO2008095410A1 - A honeycomb grate incinerator

Info

Publication number: WO2008095410A1
Application number: PCT/CN2008/000242
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jinlin Shi
Original assignee: Jinlin Shi
Priority date: 2007-02-07
Filing date: 2008-01-30
Publication date: 2008-08-14
Also published as: CN100529536C; CN101240899A

Abstract

A honeycomb grate incinerator includes a furnace jacket (10), a lining (30) and honeycomb grates (20). The lining (30) and the honeycomb grates (20) are disposed in the furnace jacket (10), and each of the honeycomb grates (20) has a hollow passage (21). The outer end of each honeycomb grate (20) is in contact with the inner surface of the furnace jacket (10), and the inner end of each honeycomb grate (20) has several gas outlets (22) for connecting the hollow passage (21) with a furnace chamber (12). The hollow passage (21) is then interconnected with gas inlets (11) in the furnace jacket (10).

Description

Honeycomb grate incinerator

Technical field

The invention relates to an incinerator, in particular to a honeycomb grate incinerator.

Background technique

The existing incinerators are in the form of steel bar grate, chain grate, hood type boiling grate, mechanical reciprocating grate and drum grate. The disadvantage of the incinerator with these grate is that it cannot be completely incinerated. Urban domestic garbage, such as slag filtered by organic wastewater, is finely granulated, and unburned wastewater slag will leak from the grate to the slag, causing pollution. In addition, harmful substances such as dioxins (PCDDs, PCDFs) in the furnace gas are not easily removed. The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in the slag is also difficult to remove. An improved combustion method is to use a two-stage rotary kiln for combustion. The equipment consists of a horizontal rotary kiln and a vertical rotary kiln. The first section is a horizontal rotary kiln for anaerobic incineration. There is no open flame when heating, the furnace temperature is 60. (TC, to produce flammable gas; the second section uses a vertical rotary furnace, accepts 600 °C flammable gas and carbonized waste from horizontal rotary furnace, and burns open flame at a temperature of 1350 ° C. The method of combustion is called gasification-incineration synthesis gas, which is more advanced and can completely burn municipal solid waste and significantly reduce pollution. This gasification-incineration synthesis gas method has been accepted by the UN CDM Executive Council. The waste incineration project can be registered as a CDM project, applying AM0025 “Methodology.” Although the above combustion method can solve the problem of combustion pollution, it uses two equipments and needs to transport 60 (TC flammable gas and carbonized garbage equipment. The operating costs are huge.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a honeycomb grate incinerator which can solve the above-mentioned deficiencies and can completely incinerate municipal solid waste to solve the problem of environmental pollution, that is, only one honeycomb grate incinerator can be used. Completely incinerate municipal solid waste to greatly improve environmental sanitation; there will be no pollution caused by dioxin and unburned wastewater; comply with the requirements for applying for registration of CDM projects to the United Nations Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and equipment investment is greatly Reduced, running costs are significantly reduced. The invention is particularly suitable for use in advanced gasification-incineration synthesis gas processes to treat waste. The object of the present invention is achieved in accordance with the following technical solutions.

The invention relates to a peak-stack grate incinerator, comprising a furnace shell, characterized in that: a furnace lining and a honeycomb are built in the furnace shell

Replacement page (Article 26) a grate, forming a furnace body, the furnace lining is built on an inner surface of the furnace shell; the honeycomb grate is a grate with a hollow passage, and an outer end of the honeycomb grate is in contact with an inner surface of the furnace shell, wherein The side end has a plurality of air outlets for communicating the hollow passage with the furnace; the hollow passage is in communication with the air inlet hole on the furnace shell.

The honeycomb grate is composed of a plurality of grate bricks, the grate bricks having a passage, and the inner side end surface of the grate bricks has an air outlet communicating with the passage, and the outer side of each of the grate bricks The surface is laid in the axial direction along the inner surface of the furnace shell to form a honeycomb grate with a hollow passage and an air outlet.

The grate brick is composed of two grate elements.

A ventilation groove is connected to the air inlet hole on the outer surface of the peak grate and the lining; and each of the ventilation grooves is also in direct communication with the hollow channel of the honeycomb grate.

The furnace of the incinerator has a thousand combustion chambers.

The furnace shell of the incinerator has a first combustion chamber, a second combustion chamber and a third combustion chamber arranged from front to back, and in the first combustion chamber and in the second combustion chamber, the honeycomb grate is Having a venting groove on the outer surface of the corresponding honeycomb grate and the corresponding lining at the air hole of the furnace shell, and the venting groove communicates with the hollow passage and the intake hole, and the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber The hollow channels are separated.

The sinusoidal value of the inclination of the axis of the incinerator to the horizontal plane is 3% to 4%.

At the head of the incinerator, there is a nozzle for injecting lime powder. The invention adopts a honeycomb grate, and the honeycomb grate changes the air supply mode of the incinerator, and the air volume is adjusted to the combustion chamber at different positions in the furnace through the air inlet hole and the ventilation groove, and the air volume can be adjusted; + vertical) The combustion process of the rotary kiln. For example, the present invention provides a first stage (first combustion chamber) in the furnace for anaerobic incineration to produce a combustible synthesis gas, and a second stage (second combustion chamber) to incinerate the synthesis gas. In addition to replacing the original two rotary kiln, the present invention also eliminates the need for an expensive conveying device for conveying flammable gas and carbonized waste, and the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced. In the structure of the furnace body, the honeycomb grate is used to supply air to the combustion chambers at different positions in the furnace through the air inlet holes and the ventilation grooves to control the temperature and air volume to ensure that the air volume is supplied according to the requirements of the combustion process. Oxygen is heated and incinerated. It burns thoroughly. In the third combustion chamber, the residual combustion air in the front combustion chamber is used to completely burn out the garbage, and the dioxin in the gas and the cadmium in the slag can be eliminated. Special grate bricks are used for easy masonry; the special grate bricks can be composed of grate elements made from batches of molds. The girder grate is built with grate bricks, which are built, repaired and replaced. The invention can work according to the temperature and time curve required by the process, and realize the exhaustive incineration of urban domestic garbage to solve the problem of environmental pollution, the number of equipments is reduced to one, and the equipment structure is simple.

Replacement page (Article 26) In summary, the invention can realize the complete incineration of municipal solid waste, avoid environmental pollution, and has good environmental protection effect. The number of equipment is reduced, the investment is low, and the equipment structure is simple. The special grate bricks are made up of the grate elements made by the molds in batches, which are built, repaired and replaced with convenient parts; the investment and operation costs are significantly reduced. The invention can be burned according to the process requirements, and is particularly suitable for combustion by the gasification-incineration synthesis gas method.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic view of the installation of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic view of the furnace body of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the A-A section in Fig. 1 (members 70 and 70A are not shown), and is an enlarged view of the A-A section in Fig. 2, and Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the section B-B in Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the D-D section in Fig. 3.

Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the E-E section of Figure 4.

Figure 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the F-F in Figure 3.

Description of the code in the figure

0 furnace shell

1 intake hole

2 furnace 12A first combustion chamber 12B second combustion chamber 12C third combustion chamber

3 feed port 14 discharge port 15 exhaust port

20 peak nest grate 20A grate brick 20B grate element 20C outer part 20D interface

21 hollow channel 21A channel 222 2A air outlet 23 block brick

30 furnace lining 31 venting groove connecting groove 32

40 nozzle

50 roller seat

60 drive mechanism 61 motor, 62 reducer 63, 64 gear

70 first intake mechanism 70A second intake mechanism

Replacement page (Article 26) detailed description

1 and 2 are schematic views showing the installation of the honeycomb grate incinerator according to the present invention. The furnace shell 10 is supported on the roller base 50, and the furnace casing 10 is driven to rotate by a motor 61, a speed reducer 62, and a gear 6364 in the drive mechanism 60. The feed port 13 and the nozzle 40 are installed at the front portion, and the discharge port 14 and the exhaust port 15 are installed at the rear portion; the feed port 13 is fed, and after being burned, it is discharged from the discharge port 14. The first intake mechanism 70 and the second intake mechanism 70A are respectively located on the furnace casing 10, and are introduced into the respective intake holes 11 in the furnace casing 10. The incinerator is previously installed in a high-low, low-level manner with a horizontal plane. "Before and after" as used herein refers to the front (left side in Figure 1) and rear (right side in Figure 1) directions of the incinerator; the "back side" refers to the distance from the axis of the piece. The part, "outside" refers to the part of the piece that is far from the axis.

3, 5, 6, a furnace lining 30 and a honeycomb grate 20 are built in the furnace shell 10 to form a furnace body; the honeycomb grate 20 is a grate with a hollow passage 21, a honeycomb furnace The outer side of the row 20 is in contact with the inner surface of the furnace shell 10, and the inner side portion (projecting from the lining 30) has a plurality of air outlets 22 communicating the hollow passage 21 with the furnace 12. The hollow passage 21 It is communicated with the air inlet hole 11 (via the venting groove 31) on the furnace shell 10 (intake from the air inlet hole 11 into the hollow passage 21, and air is sent to each combustion portion of the furnace 12 through a plurality of air outlet holes 22 to adjust The temperature of each combustion site in the furnace 12).

6, the honeycomb grate 20 is composed of a plurality of grate bricks 20A having a passage 21A, and a rear end surface of the grate brick 20A has an air outlet 22A communicating with the passage 21A, and The outer surface of each of the grate bricks 20A is laid along the axial direction of the inner surface of the furnace shell 10 to form a honeycomb grate 20 having a hollow passage 21 and an air outlet 22. The front and rear ends of the hollow passage 21 are closed.

The grate brick 20A shown in Fig. 6 is composed of two grate elements 20B which are butted by the interface 20D (shown as an imaginary line). In order to facilitate the mass production by the mold, in order to improve the productivity and ensure the quality, two pieces of the shape-symmetrical grate element 20B are butted together to form the grate brick 20A.

3, 6, on the outer surface of the peak grate 20 and the lining 30, an annular venting groove 31 is connected to the air inlet hole 11; the venting grooves 31 are also associated with the honeycomb grate The hollow passages 21 of 20 are in direct communication. During the masonry, the outer portion 20C of the grate block 20A (shown as an imaginary line in Fig. 6) is removed, and the hollow passage 21 is directly communicated with the venting groove 31.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the furnace 12 of the incinerator has a plurality of combustion chambers. In this embodiment, the furnace 12 includes

Replacement page (Article 26) The first combustion chamber 12A, the second combustion chamber 12B, and the third combustion chamber 12C are arranged rearward and rearward; and have a honeycomb grate 20 in the first combustion chamber and in the second combustion chamber. The front and rear ends of the hollow passage 21 of the honeycomb grate 20 are closed, and between the first combustion chamber 12A and the second combustion chamber 12B, the hollow passage 21 is separated by the blocking brick 23 (Fig. 1); The combustion chamber 12A is provided with fewer air holes 11 for mainly supplying air for generating combustible syngas, where the corresponding honeycomb grate 20 and the corresponding lining 30 have annular venting grooves 31 (Fig. 3, 6). In the second combustion chamber 12B, a plurality of air holes 11 are provided, mainly for supplying air during the combustion of the synthesis gas, and the corresponding peak sockets 20 and the corresponding linings 30 also have ventilation grooves 31 therein. As shown in Fig. 8, each of the annular vent grooves 31 communicates with an axial connecting groove 32. 4, 7, in the first combustion chamber 12A, the second combustion chamber 12B, there is no air inlet hole 11, where there is no ventilation groove 31 on the corresponding honeycomb grate 20 and the lining 30, so that the air will not Directly entering from the outside of the furnace shell 10 into the hollow passage 21 there; instead, it is sent from a remote intake port 11 through a section of the hollow passage 21 of the honeycomb grate 20, through which the air outlet 22 is directed to the furnace 12 aspirated. In the third combustion chamber 12C, there is no honeycomb grate 20, only the lining 30.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the incinerator is installed before the high and low, and the sine of the inclination of the axis and the horizontal plane of the incinerator is 3% to 4%.

As shown in Fig. 1, a nozzle 40 for injecting lime powder is sprayed on the head of the incinerator for injecting lime powder, and ash powder is used to combine HC1 in the flue gas to remove dioxins. Working example of the incinerator (the length of this embodiment is 26m):

1. Anoxic decomposition in the first combustion chamber 12A: Controlling the incoming combustion air to account for about 25% of the total combustion air, less than the theoretical combustion air, is insufficient to produce an open flame. Therefore, when the incineration temperature is 450 ° C to 60 (TC), the garbage is decomposed by drying and gasification, and a large amount of flammable gas such as hydrocarbons is generated to flow to the second combustion chamber 12B. The gasification rate of the first combustion chamber is about 65. %. Heat source: When the furnace is fired, the temperature of the furnace reaches 800 Ό, and the garbage is started to be sent to the garbage. The flammable gas formed by the decomposition of the garbage enters the second combustion chamber and burns, and part of the heat is transferred back to the first combustion chamber. .

2. Decomposition of oxygen in the second combustion chamber and open flame combustion - a) Decomposition of oxygen: The waste of the first combustion chamber descends with the rotation of the incinerator, and after the garbage reaches the second combustion chamber, it sinks under the furnace 12 Half. The air outlets 22 of the honeycomb grate 20 are evenly distributed along the combustion chamber. The garbage sinking in the lower half blocks the air outlet 22 of the lower half (ie, the small hole that enters the air from the outside into the furnace 12), and the lower half of the furnace 12 is in an oxygen-deficient state, and the garbage is decomposed to produce flammable gas. Sex gas. The gasification rate of the first and second combustion chambers is 90%.

Replacement page (Article 26) b) Open flame incineration: The combustion air sent to the second combustion chamber, which accounts for about 75% of the total combustion air, is injected from the air outlet 22 in the upper half of the honeycomb grate 20 (without any obstruction). A sufficient amount of combustion air is ignited by a flammable gas at a temperature of 1200 °C. The combustion air temperature sent to the furnace is 220 Ό, so that the furnace temperature is lowered and maintained at 1000 ° C.

3. Surface burning in the third combustion chamber 12C: As the incinerator rotates, the carbonized waste enters the third combustion chamber. The third combustion chamber does not feed air, and the remaining combustion air in the front combustion chamber is used to fully burn the garbage. The combustion chamber temperature is 900 °C. The exhaust temperature of the exhaust is 850 °C. The slag contains less than 1% carbon. The waste incineration time in the furnace is about 90 minutes, and the residence time of the flue gas in the furnace is >2-3 seconds. The slag is discharged from the discharge port 14 at the end of the incinerator. The slag enters the screw conveyor. The spiral leaves of the conveyor are double-layered hollow type. The cold water enters the "hollow" and flows out to cool the slag. At the same time, the slag in the conveyor will block the outside air and prevent outside air from infiltrating into the furnace. "Leaking gas." The high-temperature flue gas generated by the incineration of waste in the furnace is discharged from the exhaust port 15 and enters the boiler through the flue, and is absorbed into steam or hot water for use. Advantages of the invention:

(1) Dioxin "zero emissions". The Fengwo grate 20 can continuously lift the waste of the furnace to a certain height and slide freely. The combustion air is injected from the small holes of the honeycomb grate at different angles, so that the turbulence of the furnace is very good, and thus the garbage forms a microflow in the furnace. Incineration. The lime powder injected into the nozzle 40 of the incinerator head reacts with the HC1 of the furnace to form CaCl ₂ (and calcium sulfate). The furnace HC1 gas is continuously removed. Dioxins cannot be produced due to the absence of HC1 gas. Dioxins are formed by the substitution of a C atom in a benzene ring molecule by a C1 atom in the HC1 molecule. The number and position of C1 atom substitutions are different, and a total of 210 compounds are formed, of which, there are 75 isomers of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and 135 kinds of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Isomers, collectively referred to as dioxins. Since the furnace HC1 gas is continuously removed and the C1 atom is absent, dioxin cannot be produced.

(2) The slag does not contain cadmium. The gasification temperature of "cadmium" is 767'C, and the garbage is incinerated at 900 °C--108 (the TC is incinerated (due to the rotation of the rotary kiln, the waste in the furnace is continuously turned to balance the temperature of the furnace), and the cadmium is vaporized into smoke. Form, with the flue gas flowing into the next flue gas purification system, the activated carbon adsorbed by the spray, collected by the bag filter (filled after solidification), the waste slag does not contain cadmium, the carbon content of the slag (C) < 1% .

Replacement page (Article 26) At present, the slag discharged from various other waste incinerators used in China has a carbon content of 3.5%. The Methodology (AM0025) issued by the United Nations CDM Executive Board (EB) stipulates that the incineration of non-gasification incineration wastes requires 1% of the slag carbon content to be registered as a CDM project. Therefore, China's existing waste incineration project has a carbon content of 3.5%, which does not meet the CDM standard, and the incineration using this incinerator has a carbon content of < 1 °/. If you can meet the standard, you can apply for registration as a CDM project.

(3) The combustion is thorough, no air is fed into the third combustion chamber, and the residual combustion air in the front combustion chamber is used to fully burn the garbage.

Replacement page (Article 26)

Claims

Rights request

A honeycomb grate incinerator comprising a furnace shell, characterized in that: a furnace lining (30) and a honeycomb grate (20) are built in the furnace shell (10); the honeycomb grate (20) For the grate with the hollow channel (21), the outer end of the honeycomb grate (20) is in contact with the inner surface of the furnace shell (10), and the inner side end has a plurality of air holes (22) to be said hollow passages (21) communicating with the furnace (12); the hollow passage (21) is in communication with the air inlet (11) of the furnace shell (10).

2. The honeycomb grate incinerator according to claim 1, wherein: said honeycomb grate (20) is composed of a plurality of grate bricks (20A), said grate bricks (20A) having passages (21A), the inner side end surface of the grate brick (20A) has an air outlet hole (22A) communicating with the passage (21A), and the outer surface of each of the grate bricks (20A) is along the furnace shell (10) The axial caving of the inner surface forms a honeycomb grate (20) with hollow passages and venting holes.

The honeycomb grate incinerator according to claim 2, wherein the grate brick is composed of two grate elements (20B).

4. The honeycomb grate incinerator according to claim 1, wherein: the outer surface of the honeycomb grate (20) and the lining (30) has a venting groove (31) and an air inlet hole ( 11) Connected; each of the venting grooves (31) is also in direct communication with the hollow passage (21) of the honeycomb grate (20).

The honeycomb grate incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the furnace (12) of the furnace shell (10) of the incinerator has a plurality of combustion chambers.

6. The honeycomb grate incinerator according to claim 5, wherein: the furnace (12) of the incinerator has a first combustion chamber (12A), a second combustion chamber (12B) and a third combustion a chamber (12C); in the first combustion chamber and in the second combustion chamber, having the honeycomb grate (20); a corresponding honeycomb grate at the furnace shell (10) with an air inlet hole (11)

(20) and the outer surface of the corresponding lining (30) having a venting groove (31); the venting groove (31) communicating with the hollow passage (21) and the intake hole (11); the first combustion chamber (12A) hollow passage between the second combustion chamber (12B)

(21) is separated.

Replacement page (Article 26)

7. The honeycomb grate incinerator according to claim 6, wherein: the sine of the axis of the incinerator and the horizontal plane has a sine value of 3% to 4%.

The honeycomb grate incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a nozzle (40) for injecting lime powder is provided at a head portion of said incinerator.

Replacement page (Article 26)