CN100525976C - Hob complete utilization integrated gear hobbing method - Google Patents

Abstract

A hobbing method for comprehensive utilization of hob; the relative position of the hob and workpiece can be calculated according to the parameters of processing gear and hob before hobbing; a certain distance h can be kept between the intersection point of the hob shaft central line and hob end face and the workpiece end plane; the intersection point of the hob end face and the hob external diameter generatrix aim at the workpiece axis center as the penetration point to implement radial intermittent hobbing, angle complete gear hobbing, angle hobbing full gear width processing and axial hobbing full gear width processing; The present invention integrates the advantages of original axial, radial and angle hobbing methods and overcomes the defects; in this way, the present invention solves the problem that the idle hobbing distance of the axial gear hobbing is prolonged and the production efficiency is reduced because of the increased external diameter of the hob. In this way, the incomplete gears on the two end faces of the hob can be fully utilized and the production efficiency and the hob service life are increased; with the present invention, the hob fretting is even; the production cost is reduced; in addition, the present invention provides a feasible processing technology for choosing large-external diameter, high-precision, high-efficiency hob processing gear which is not seriously fretted; the method can be conveniently implemented on numerically-controlled hobbing machine.

Description

The comprehensive hobbing method that hobboing cutter utilizes fully

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of teeth all on the hobboing cutter all is used to add the method for work gear, the comprehensive hobbing method that particularly a kind of hobboing cutter that the imperfect tooth at hobboing cutter two ends is used fully utilizes fully.

Background technology

Gear hobbing processing is present most widely used a kind of Gear Processing technology, hobboing cutter is that most important technological equipment is processed in the realization gear hobbing, hobboing cutter is because the tooth at two ends is incomplete, can not go out the complete and effective profile of tooth by envelope, so be not utilized in the processing technology in the past always, this loaded textbook, emphasize to use complete and effective L1 part among the hobboing cutter total length L in the textbook, to avoid using incomplete L0 part fully, the scrap products in order to avoid cause processed tooth-formation of gear error, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.3 is imperfect tooth on hobboing cutter 1 both ends of the surface among Fig. 2.

Axial hobbing method is generally adopted in existing gear hobbing processing, secondly be radially with the angle hobbing method:

Hobboing cutter 1 is pressed the processing method of direction feeding shown in the axial f of workpiece to be machined 4, claim axial gear hobbing, as shown in Figure 3, hobboing cutter 1 need move a distance title cut-in without ball apart from a from contact workpiece 4 to cutting out whole profile of tooth, if hobboing cutter 1 ' outside diameter d ' during hobboing cutter 1 outside diameter d, then cut-in without ball is apart from a '〉a, when adopting efficient, high-precision big external diameter hobboing cutter 1 ' when doing axial gear hobbing, hobboing cutter 1 required time with respect to minor diameter is long, therefore production efficiency is low, the size that is this kind processing method and cutter diameter has direct relation, is not suitable for adopting big external diameter hobboing cutter processing.As spur gear: $a=\sqrt{h\·(d-h)}$ $a\′=\sqrt{h\·(d\′-h)}$

Hobboing cutter 1 is pressed the processing method of radially direction shown in the fr feeding of workpiece to be machined 4, claim radially gear hobbing, as shown in Figure 4, though there is not the problem of cut-in without ball distance, can be described as most effective method, but this method can not cut out widths over teeth, and to cut out full-depth tooth dark from beginning to be cut to, the increase at double of its resistance to cutting, and this all is disadvantageous for the control of feeding process with to the control of product precision, limitation is big, only can be used for the not high worm gear product of processing request when using separately.

Hobboing cutter 1 is not only pressed direction feeding shown in the axial f of processing work 4, also presses the axial f of hobboing cutter simultaneously ₁Shown in the processing method of direction feeding, claim the angle gear hobbing, shown in Fig. 5 II, these method hobboing cutter wearing and tearing are even, the cutting surface quality is good, and gear drive stable working, precision all have raising, but this method has increased the axially-movable of hobboing cutter, make the complexity of equipment and the difficulty increase that technology is adjusted, tooth alignment error during gear hobbing increases, and is subjected to the influence of above-mentioned factor, and this advanced hobbing method for processing also fails to be popularized.

Each above-mentioned processing method cuts both ways, but because of the imperfect tooth at hobboing cutter two ends is not utilized always, so the hobboing cutter utilization rate is low, service life is short, causes the waste of resource, the increase of production cost.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: the comprehensive hobbing method that provides a kind of hobboing cutter to utilize fully, adding work gear with the method can be with in the past gear hobbing processing, the imperfect tooth at unemployed always hobboing cutter two ends fully, fully utilize, the efficient and the quality of gear hobbing processing have promptly been improved, the service life and the rolling cut precision of hobboing cutter have been improved again, make all knives odontotripsis even, reduce the waste of material.

The present invention addresses the above problem the technical scheme that is adopted: the comprehensive hobbing method that hobboing cutter utilizes fully,

Method step: I, radially imperfect tooth rolling cut:

Before the rolling cut, the calculation of parameter of pressing processing work and hobboing cutter is adjusted the relative position of hobboing cutter 1 and workpiece 4, need the intersection point and the work end plane of cutter shaft center line and hobboing cutter end face are maintained a certain distance h,

$h=(\frac{m_n\&times;\mathrm{\&pi;}}{2}+k\&times;m_n)\&times;\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="f\; f"\; filenames="C200710071364E00084.png,C200710071364E00085.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">f</figure-callout>}}{f_{}}$

K is a safety coefficient, K * m _nBe safe distance, m _n* π is gear one a complete tooth pitch, m _nBe normal module, f, f ₁Be axial and tangential admission amount,

Make point of penetration with the axis centre of the intersection point alignment pieces 4 of hobboing cutter external diameter bus on the transverse plane of hobboing cutter 1, workpiece 4 is towards f _rThe direction radial feed is dark to full-depth tooth;

II, the complete tooth rolling cut of angle:

After being right after above-mentioned full-depth tooth deep processing, carry out the angle gear hobbing again, hobboing cutter 1 is by axial f and tangential f ₁The direction feeding when engagement generate center 5 effective when hobboing cutter, complete tooth is concordant with the workpiece upper surface, cuts out complete profile of tooth;

III, angle rolling cut widths over teeth:

Be right after above-mentioned cut out complete profile of tooth after, carry out the angle gear hobbing again, hobboing cutter is by axial f and tangential f ₁The direction feeding is until cutting out widths over teeth;

III ', axial rolling cut widths over teeth:

Be right after above-mentioned cut out complete profile of tooth after, become axial gear hobbing by the angle gear hobbing, hobboing cutter is by the feeding of axial f direction, until cutting out widths over teeth;

IV, when the imperfect tooth 3 of hobboing cutter 1 one ends after using after a while, the hobboing cutter tune can be installed, direction of rotation by changing hobboing cutter or milling direction press I, II, III or III ' step again and be processed, and at this moment still use the h among the step I, need not calculate again.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: compare with the single hobbing method for processing that the past hobboing cutter can not utilize fully, the advantage of former various hobbing method for processing has been concentrated, optimized to this synthesis, overcome its deficiency.Make cut-in without ball apart from increasing as having solved axial gear hobbing effectively because of the conference that adds with the hobboing cutter external diameter, the problem that production efficiency descends, it raises distance h and the hobboing cutter external diameter is irrelevant, this synthesis has been bypassed the required cut-in without ball of axial gear hobbing The initial segment apart from a, use for big external diameter, efficient, high accuracy, throw away hob provides a kind of perfect processing technology.This synthesis has realized the utilization fully of hobboing cutter, makes the hobboing cutter wearing and tearing evenly the service life of having improved hobboing cutter, has overcome because the uneven cutting profile error that causes of cutter tooth wearing and tearing has improved working gear stationarity and precision.The gear hobbing technology of former use in addition, because of lacking clear and definite tool setting benchmark, the complete tooth engagement center that is difficult to find accurately hobboing cutter is a point of penetration, goes out the underproof waste product of profile of tooth for preventing rolling cut, during tool setting always near the centre of hobboing cutter, therefore make the hobboing cutter wearing and tearing uneven, the hobboing cutter utilization rate is low, and existing clearly to be point of penetration with hobboing cutter external diameter bus intersection point on the hobboing cutter end face, datum mark clearly is convenient to operate tool setting, even tool setting Helical Gear Hobbing by hand, also alignment pieces center exactly.

Description of drawings

The structural representation of Fig. 1, hobboing cutter.

The left view of Fig. 2, Fig. 1.

Fig. 3, axial gear hobbing schematic diagram.

Fig. 4, gear hobbing schematic diagram radially.

Fig. 5, correlation computations schematic diagram of the present invention: I, h schematic diagram, II, engagement generate center schematic diagram.

Fig. 6, hobbing method step schematic diagram of the present invention: I, radially imperfect tooth rolling cut, II, the complete tooth rolling cut of angle, III, angle rolling cut widths over teeth, III ', axial rolling cut widths over teeth.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are further described.

Though imperfect tooth 3 is the complete profile of tooth of generate envelope gear finally, but the rough lumber processing for teeth groove is very favourable, because of imperfect tooth 3 parts not only very sharp, and increasing progressively of its tooth depth presents spiral of Archimedes shown in Figure 22 on the hobboing cutter end section, cutter tooth is a cutting-in gradually when making rolling cut, and the load of cutter tooth is evenly distributed, therefore for the imperfect tooth of initial rough lumber, the imperfect tooth 3 at hobboing cutter two ends is fully can be competent at, and be utilizable.

Method step: I, radially imperfect rolling cut:

Before the rolling cut, the calculation of parameter of pressing processing work gear and hobboing cutter is adjusted the relative position of hobboing cutter 1 and workpiece 4, need the intersection point and the work end plane of cutter shaft center line and hobboing cutter end face are maintained a certain distance h, shown in Fig. 5 I, hobboing cutter is raised when highly h will satisfy the angle gear hobbing, when the engagement generate center 5 of effective complete toothed portion of hobboing cutter is concordant with workpiece 4 end faces, can go out effective, complete gear tooth by envelope, shown in Fig. 5 II.

$h=(\frac{m_n\&times;\mathrm{\&pi;}}{2}+k\&times;m_n)\&times;\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="f\; f"\; filenames="C200710071364E00084.png,C200710071364E00085.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">f</figure-callout>}}{f_{}}$

K * m _nBe safe distance, K is a safety coefficient, m _n* π is gear one a complete tooth pitch, m _nBe normal module, f, f ₁For axially reaching the tangential admission amount, h and hobboing cutter external diameter are irrelevant, and be mainly relevant with processing gear parameter and angle feeding ratio;

Imperfect tooth 3 on the transverse plane of hobboing cutter 1 is made point of penetration with the axis centre of the intersection point alignment pieces of hobboing cutter external diameter bus, and shown in Fig. 6 I, workpiece 4 is towards f _rThe direction radial feed is dark to full-depth tooth, because the hobboing cutter center is higher than the workpiece upper surface, the profile of tooth that cuts out is imperfect, though at this moment the imperfect tooth 3 with hobboing cutter 1 participates in cutting, because of initial manufacture has no effect to profile of tooth, can strengthen radial feeds on the contrary, even the cutter tooth wearing and tearing can not influence profile of tooth yet, the gear hobbing time is $T_I=\frac{\mathrm{zg}}{n{f}_r{z}_0},$

II, the complete tooth rolling cut of angle:

After being right after above-mentioned full-depth tooth deep processing, carry out the angle gear hobbing again, shown in Fig. 6 II, hobboing cutter 1 is by axial f and tangential f ₁The direction feeding when effective, the complete tooth engagement generate center 5 of hobboing cutter is concordant with the workpiece upper surface, cuts out complete profile of tooth, and the gear hobbing time is T _II

III, angle rolling cut widths over teeth:

Be right after above-mentioned cut out complete profile of tooth after, carry out the angle gear hobbing again, shown in Fig. 6 III, hobboing cutter is by axial f and tangential f ₁The direction feeding, until cutting out widths over teeth, workpiece 4 is processed into, and is best with the gear that above-mentioned steps is processed into, and the gear hobbing time is T _III

$T_{\mathrm{II}+\mathrm{III}}=\frac{z(h+b)}{\mathrm{nf}{z}_0}$

But be subjected to the restriction of hobboing cutter length in actual production, cutter shaft is to the constraints limit of displacement and the workpiece facewidth three factors, if can not adopt above-mentioned angle gear hobbing to cut full-depth tooth the time, can become axial gear hobbing by the angle gear hobbing after finishing Fig. 6 II processing;

III ', axial rolling cut widths over teeth:

Be right after above-mentioned cut out complete profile of tooth after, become axial gear hobbing by the angle gear hobbing, until cutting out widths over teeth, shown in Fig. 6 III ', the gear hobbing time is T to hobboing cutter by the feeding of axial f direction _{III '},

$T_{\mathrm{II}+\mathrm{III}\&prime;}=\frac{z(h+b)}{\mathrm{nf}{z}_0}$

IV, when the imperfect tooth 3 of hobboing cutter 1 one ends after using after a while, the hobboing cutter tune can be installed, press I, II, III or the processing of III ' step again by the direction of rotation or the milling direction that change hobboing cutter, at this moment still use the h among the step I, need not calculate again, just can reach the purpose of utilizing the incomplete tooth in hobboing cutter two ends fully.

On general hobbing machine,, just can implement this synthesis and add work gear as long as possess tangential hobhead.

Chain digital control gear hobbing machine possesses axially, radially, tangential function of processing, along with the popularization and application of chain digital control gear hobbing machine, the comprehensive hobbing method that utilizes chain digital control gear hobbing machine that hobboing cutter is utilized fully becomes possibility.

Embodiment

Process a normal module m _n=2mm, tooth number Z=20, facewidth b=30mm, the spur gear of cutting-in g=4.5.

Hobboing cutter outside diameter d=100mm, the hobboing cutter head is counted Z ₀=1

Processing technology: hobboing cutter rotation speed n=400 rev/min safety coefficient k=0.2

Axial feeding f=0.66 millimeter/commentaries on classics

Tangential admission amount f ₁=0.22 millimeter/change

Radial feeds f _r=1.2 millimeters/change

Hobboing cutter is raised:

The gear hobbing time: T=T _I+ T _{II+III (or III ')}

$=\frac{\mathrm{zg}}{{\mathrm{nf}}_r{z}_0}+\frac{z(h+b)}{\mathrm{nf}{z}_0}=\frac{20\&times;4.5}{400\&times;1.2\&times;1}+\frac{20(10.62+30)}{400\&times;0.66\&times;1}$

Claims (1)

1, the comprehensive hobbing method that utilizes fully of a kind of hobboing cutter is characterized in that method step: I, radially imperfect tooth rolling cut:

Before the rolling cut, the calculation of parameter of pressing workpiece and hobboing cutter is adjusted the relative position of hobboing cutter (1) and workpiece (4), need the intersection point and the work end plane of cutter shaft center and hobboing cutter end face are maintained a certain distance h,

$h=(\frac{m_n\&times;\mathrm{\&pi;}}{2}+k\&times;m_n)\&times;\frac{f}{f_1}$

K is a safety coefficient, K * m _nBe safe distance, m _n* π is gear one a complete tooth pitch, m _nBe normal module, f, f ₁For axially reaching the tangential admission amount;

Imperfect tooth (3) on the transverse plane of hobboing cutter (1) is made point of penetration with the axis centre of the intersection point alignment pieces (4) of hobboing cutter external diameter bus, and workpiece (4) court is f radially _rThe direction radial feed is dark to full-depth tooth;

II, the complete tooth rolling cut of angle:

After being right after above-mentioned full-depth tooth deep processing, carry out the angle gear hobbing again, hobboing cutter (1) is by axially and the tangential direction feeding, when effective, the complete tooth of hobboing cutter meshes generate center (5) and workpiece (4) when the upper surface is concordant, cuts out complete profile of tooth;

Be right after above-mentioned cut out complete profile of tooth after, next procedure adopts the processing method of III or III ' to cut out widths over teeth;

III, angle rolling cut widths over teeth:

Be right after above-mentioned cut out complete profile of tooth after, carry out the angle gear hobbing again, hobboing cutter is by axially and the tangential direction feeding, until cutting out widths over teeth;

III ', axial rolling cut widths over teeth:

Be right after above-mentioned cut out complete profile of tooth after, become axial gear hobbing by the angle gear hobbing, hobboing cutter is pressed the axial direction feeding, until cutting out widths over teeth;

IV, when the imperfect tooth (3) of hobboing cutter (1) one end after using after a while, the hobboing cutter tune is installed, press I, II, the processing of III step again by the direction of rotation or the milling direction that change hobboing cutter, or press the poly-processing of I, II, III ' step, at this moment directly adopt the h among the step I, need not calculate again.

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