CN100525703C - Apparatus for measuring body fat - Google Patents

Apparatus for measuring body fat Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100525703C
CN100525703C CNB2007101268277A CN200710126827A CN100525703C CN 100525703 C CN100525703 C CN 100525703C CN B2007101268277 A CNB2007101268277 A CN B2007101268277A CN 200710126827 A CN200710126827 A CN 200710126827A CN 100525703 C CN100525703 C CN 100525703C
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electrode
electrode group
voltage
fat
electrodes
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CN101066209A (en
Inventor
恩田智彦
片岛充弘
野岛润一
藤波进
田代和宏
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Kao Corp
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Kao Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4869—Determining body composition
    • A61B5/4872—Body fat

Abstract

An apparatus has a first electrode group (1) including at least one electrode and arranged on the abdominal surface of a subject (human) with the navel of the subject serving as a reference position, a second electrode group (2) including at least one electrode and arranged on the back surface of the subject, a third electrode group (3) including at least two electrodes and arranged on the surface of the subject at an intermediate position between the first and second electrode groups (1, 2), and a controller (8) to supply a current between an electrode selected from the first electrode group (1) and an electrode selected from the second electrode group (2), measure a voltage generated between two electrodes of the third electrode group (3), and compute an abdominal fat quantity of the subject according to the measured voltage.

Description

Measure the equipment that body fat is used
(the application be the denomination of invention submitted on February 15th, 2002 dividing an application) for the application 02805361.3 of " measuring the equipment that body fat is used "
Technical field
The present invention relates to simply, accurately to measure the method and apparatus that human body subcutaneous fat amount and visceral fat mass are used.
Background technology
Impedance CT system utilizes medium to have different separately these facts of impedance value, draws the spatial distribution of three-dimensional body medium.Impedance CT system makes electric current pass through object, measures induced Potential Distributing on this body surface, and manifests the distribution of impedance of this interior of articles according to this Potential Distributing.As report Bio MedicalEngineering (BME) Vol.8 of Japan medical science and the announcement of biological engineering association, described in the No.8 (1994), this system is used for measuring human body blood, lung, the distribution of fat etc.
Except impedance CT system, also have other to be used for measuring resistance and resist value and draw subcutaneous fat and the equipment of visceral fat mass.An example of these equipment is that Japanese patent unexamined is looked into disclosed a kind of body fat measuring instrument among the open communique No.11-113870 (being called " correlation technique 1 ").Another example is that Japanese patent unexamined is looked into disclosed fat inside measuring instrument among the open communique No.11-123182 (being called " correlation technique 2 ").Correlation technique 1 is attached to a plurality of electrodes on object (people's) the surface, the resistance value between the measurement electrode, and generation is by the impedance matrix of this definite object cross section of this attached subsides electrode.The arithmetic unit of correlation technique 1 calculates the product of this impedance matrix and a coefficient matrix, and this coefficient matrix draws according to the information that this object by input equipment input posts the electrode part, and according to this product, the cross section body fat that produces this object distributes.Correlation technique 2 is twined a strap around the health of object.Belt inside has some electrode pairs, and each is to being made up of a current path that constitutes electrode and a measurement electrode.These electrode pairs are set basically at regular intervals.Select two electrode pairs, and between the current path of the electrode that constitutes selected electrode pair, flow through the AC electric current, to form current path.This measurement electrode is measured the resistance value in this current path.Suitably select these two electrode pairs, make adjacent electrode mainly measure subcutaneous fat, comparative electrode is mainly measured interior fat.
Summary of the invention
Its spatial resolution of equipment with impedance CT systematic survey body fat is not enough to measure the fat inside distribution, thereby can not accurate Calculation body fat amount.In addition, this equipment must be carried out repeatedly mathematical calculation to obtain the body fat amount.
How correlation technique 1 to not forming the attached coefficient matrix that pastes part of electrode, and how produce cross section body fat distributed image according to the product of impedance and coefficient matrix specific description is provided.
Correlation technique 2 can measuring object the subcutaneous fat amount.But measured fat mass comprises the amount of other media in this object and the influence of distribution, thereby inaccuracy.In addition, because the very big influence of object subcutaneous layer of fat, so correlation technique 2 can not accurately be measured the interior fat of this object.
The invention provides a kind of body fat measuring instrument, be easy to be installed on the human body, and can be easily and accurately measure the amount such as the thickness and the cross-sectional area of stratiform subcutaneous fat and the visceral fat mass of human body.
According to first aspect present invention, a kind of body fat measuring instrument, it has one first electrode group, and it is that the reference position is arranged at least one electrode on this object abdominal surface that this first electrode group comprises with the object umbilicus; One second electrode group, this second electrode group comprises at least one electrode that is arranged on this object back surfaces; One third electrode group, this third electrode group comprise at least two electrodes that are arranged on this object surface, are in this first and second electrodes group centre position basically; One measuring device, this measuring device provides electric current between an electrode that goes out from this first electrode group selection and an electrode going out from the second electrode group selection, and measures the voltage that produces between two electrodes of this third electrode group; And an accountant, it calculates the stomach fat amount of this object according to measured voltage.
According to second aspect present invention, a kind of body fat measuring instrument, it has one first electrode group, and it is that the reference position is arranged at least one electrode on this object abdominal surface that this first electrode group comprises with the object umbilicus; One second electrode group, this second electrode group comprises at least three electrodes that are arranged on this object back surfaces; One measuring device, this measuring device provides electric current between two electrodes that go out from this second electrode group selection, and measure electrode going out from this first electrode group selection and an electrode going out from this second electrode group selection between the voltage that produces; And an accountant, it calculates the stomach fat amount of this object according to measured voltage.
By girth, sex and/or the age of this object body are taken into account, the equipment of any one all can improve the precision that the object stomach fat calculates.
According to third aspect present invention, a kind of body fat is measured band, has the umbilicus labelling of an aligning object umbilicus; One first electrode group, this first electrode group comprise umbilicus with this object of this umbilicus markers align as the reference position, be arranged at least one electrode on this object abdominal surface; One second electrode group, this second electrode group comprises at least one electrode that is arranged on this object back surfaces; And a third electrode group, this third electrode group comprises and is arranged at least two electrodes that are in this place, first and second electrodes group centre position on this object surface basically.
According to fourth aspect present invention, a kind of body fat measuring instrument, it has two current electrodes that are arranged on the object circumferential surface, and this distance between electrodes is compared enough weak points with this object girth; One is arranged near first measurement electrode one of them current electrode on this object; One is arranged on and crosses this object second measurement electrode relative with this current electrode on this object basically; One voltage measuring apparatus, this voltage measuring apparatus provides electric current between this current electrode, and measures the voltage that produces between this first and second measurement electrode; And an accountant, it is according to measured voltage and represent the characteristic quantity of this object size to calculate the visceral fat mass of this object.
In this explanation, " visceral fat mass " represents the inner fat mass that exists of an object jointly.That is, visceral fat mass comprise around the object internal visceral fat mass and such as the general fat inside amount of liver fat.
" characteristic quantity " of representative object size is a kind of amount that reflects this object cross sectional dimensions, as total cross-sectional area S at object assigned altitute place, around the girth U of object cross section, the vertical width W 1 between object abdominal part and the back, perhaps the transverse width W2 between the object flank.
Brief Description Of Drawings
Fig. 1 represents the body fat measuring instrument according to first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 A and 2B represent the body fat measuring instrument according to a kind of modification of first embodiment;
Fig. 3 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on first modified example of first embodiment;
Fig. 4 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on second modified example of first embodiment;
Fig. 5 A and 5B represent the Edge Distance between the electrode;
Fig. 6 represents the body fat measuring instrument according to a kind of distortion of second modified example;
Fig. 7 represents the body fat measuring instrument according to second embodiment of the invention;
Equipment among Fig. 7 that Fig. 8 represents to twine around an object health;
Fig. 9 represents the body fat measuring instrument according to a kind of distortion of second embodiment;
Figure 10 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on the 3rd modified example of second embodiment;
Figure 11 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on the 4th modified example of second embodiment;
Figure 12 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on the 5th modified example of second embodiment;
Figure 13 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on the 6th modified example of second embodiment;
Figure 14 represents to be fixed on the equipment among Figure 13 on the subject's body;
Figure 15 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on the 7th modified example of second embodiment;
Figure 16 A and 16B represent the example by the current path that constitutes from the different electrodes of the first and second electrode group selections;
Figure 17 represents the body fat measuring instrument according to third embodiment of the invention;
Figure 18 to 20 expression is according to the example of the current path that is used for measuring voltage of the 3rd embodiment formation;
Figure 21 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on the 8th modified example of the 3rd embodiment;
Figure 22 to 24 expression is according to the example of the current path that is used for measuring voltage of the 8th modified example formation;
Figure 25 represents the body fat measuring instrument according to the combination of the 7th and the 8th modified example;
The curve that concerns between visceral fat mass (area) that Figure 26 A and 26B are recorded by the X-ray CT system for expression and the numerical value that records by the 7th modified example equipment, the test that these numerical value carry out based on the inventor; The numerical value of Figure 26 A is about the male, and the numerical value of Figure 26 B is about the women;
Relation between the curve representation age of Figure 27 and the visceral fat mass (area) that records by the X-ray CT system;
Relation between visceral fat mass that the curve representation of Figure 28 is recorded by the X-ray CT system (area) and the interior fat area that calculates with the correlation formula of not considering the age; And
Relation between visceral fat mass that the curve representation of Figure 29 is recorded by the X-ray CT system (area) and the interior fat area that calculates with the correlation formula of considering the age.
Implement best mode of the present invention
First embodiment
Fig. 1 represents the body fat measuring instrument according to first embodiment of the invention.This equipment has two current electrodes 102 and 103 that are arranged on object (people) 101 body surfaces for example.Distance between the electrode 102 and 103 is compared enough weak points with the girth of object 101.This equipment also has a power supply 104, to supply with electric current between electrode 102 and 103; One is arranged near first measurement electrode 105 the electrode 102; One is arranged on object 101 surfaces, basically across object 101 second measurement electrode 111 relative with electrode 102 and 103; The voltammeter 107 of the voltage that produces between one measurement electrode 105 and 111; With a body fat accountant 125, the voltage that it records according to voltammeter 107 and the characteristic quantity of representative object 101 sizes calculate the visceral fat mass of this object 101.This object 101 has subcutaneous fat 108, and impedance is different from the non-fats portion 109 of subcutaneous fat 108 and the interior fat 110 that impedance is different from non-fats portion 109.Body fat accountant 125 can be computer.
Explanation is utilized the method for the device measuring body fat amount of Fig. 1.Power supply 104 is supplied with electric current between the electrode 102 and 103 that is arranged on object 101 circumferential surfaces.Distance between the electrode 102 and 103 is compared enough weak points with the girth of object 101.Voltammeter 107 is measured the voltage that produces between first and second measurement electrode 105 and 111.Near electrode 102 electrode 105 is set, is oppositely arranged electrode 111 across object 101 and electrode 102 and 103.Accountant 125 is according to the voltage that records and the characteristic quantity of representing these object 101 sizes, the visceral fat mass of calculating object 101.
The voltage V that voltammeter 107 records is equivalent to the amount of subcutaneous fat 108, and the characteristic quantity of indicated object 101 sizes is equivalent to subcutaneous fat 108 and interior fat 110 quantity sums.For example, this characteristic quantity is total cross-sectional area S of object 101, around the girth U of object 101 cross sections, the vertical width W 1 between object 101 abdominal paries and the back, or the transverse width W2 between object 101 flanks.Therefore, the difference of the characteristic quantity of voltage V and indicated object 101 sizes provides the amount of interior fat 110.Determine the position of electrode 102,103 and 105 on object 101, so that the most accurately draw the amount of interior fat 110.For example, they are arranged on these object 101 backs of amount larger part of subcutaneous fat 108.
Power supply 104 can be for any among DC and the AC.If power supply 104 is an AC power supplies, when being the amplitude of voltage or virtual value, voltammeter 107 measuring voltages can measure Phase delay simultaneously so.Measured Phase delay is applicable to analytical data.When measuring human body, AC is easy to control.The frequency of AC power supplies can arrive 500kHz for 10kHz, is preferably 50kHz to 200kHz, and current value can arrive 3mA for 0.3mA.
In order to calculate the amount of interior fat 110, must prepare the relational expression that the amount m of the characteristic quantity λ of voltage V that voltammeter 107 is recorded and indicated object 101 sizes such as girth U and interior fat 110 connects.In order to prepare this relational expression, measure a plurality of voltage V, characteristic quantity λ and visceral fat mass m with sample of different fat masses.When measuring voltage V, same current or different electric current are imposed on this sample.When using different electric current, must be based on an electric current with the voltage standardization that records.In order to measure characteristic quantity λ, use such as the measuring device of measuring tape and rule.In order to measure visceral fat mass m, can use the tomographic map that provides by X-ray CT system or MRI system; On the basis of these images, calculate cross-sectional area and volume as visceral fat mass.If sample is not a human body, can be with its machinery section, with the cross-sectional area and the volume of direct measurement interior fat.This sample can have known internal structure.When calculating cross-sectional area, can consider the electric current diffusion according to tomographic map.That is to say, not only can draw the tomographic map in a cross section, and near the tomographic map can drawing, with mean value calculation interior fat cross-sectional area, improve the correctness of calculating according to this tomographic image.
Can be similar to the above-mentioned relation formula of preparing by multivariate analysis with linear polynomial.For example this relational expression is:
m＝a0+a1·λ α-a2·V·λ′ β
A0 wherein, a1 and a2 are regression coefficient, and λ ' is the characteristic quantity of these object 101 sizes of expression, and can equal λ, and α and β are for generally being 2 index (α=β=2).Index α and β are not limited to 2, and it is confirmed as optimum relation can be provided.If characteristic quantity λ and λ ' are the girth U of object 101, then this relational expression will be expressed as:
m＝a0+a1·U 2-a2·V·U 2
In case set up relational expression, just the visceral fat mass m of the characteristic quantity calculating object 101 of voltage V that records according to voltammeter 107 and indicated object 101 sizes.
Distance between the current electrode 102 and 103 is better less than 1/6 of object 101 girths, preferably less than 1/8.If the distance between electrode 102 and 103 is too big, the electric current of then carrying between them will flow to object 101 deep inside.Thereby the voltage V that records is subjected to the distribution of non-fats portion 109 and interior fat 110 and the influence of quantity.If the distance between electrode 102 and 103 is too little, then for the object 101 of fat deposit under having pachydermia, the measurement sensitivity of this equipment will reduce, and the voltage V that records will be subjected to the influence of electrode shape and size.
Distance between measurement electrode 105 and the current electrode 102 must be in the proper range.If this distance is too big, the voltage V that the distribution of then non-fats portion 109 and interior fat 110 and quantity record influence.If this distance is too little, the voltage V that influence is recorded of the contact condition between the shape and size of electrode and electrode and the object 101 then.Distance between measurement electrode 105 and the current electrode 102 is preferably 0.5 to 3 times of subcutaneous fat 108 average thicknesss.If the thickness of subcutaneous fat 108 is 1 to 4cm, then the distance between the current electrode 102 and 103 (distance of center to center) is preferably 1cm to 15cm, is more preferably 2cm to 10cm.At this moment, the distance between measurement electrode 105 and the current electrode 102 (distance of center to center) is preferably 0.6cm to 10cm, is more preferably 1cm to 6cm.
For different objects to be measured, the distance between can fixed electrode 102 and 103, and the distance between electrode 105 and the electrode 102.Perhaps, can change these distances according to the girth of each object to be measured.When change according to the object girth electrode to electrode apart from the time, electrode can be installed on the belt of being made by elastomeric material such as rubber.When centering on the subject's body take-up strap period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, belt extends according to object size.Perhaps, independent measurement object girth, and can be according to the distance of measurement result mechanical adjustment electrode to electrode.
Electrode be shaped as for example dish type or rectangle.Preferably electrode shape keeps the distance L of the edge-to-edge between the adjacent electrode edge The edgeEquate, as the semicircle of rectangle and Fig. 5 B of Fig. 5 A.If the employing disc electrode, then their diameter be 0.6cm to 3.5cm, be preferably 1.5cm to 2.5cm.If the employing rectangular electrode, then their lateral length is 0.6 to 3cm, and longitudinal length is 1.5 to 7cm.
According to first embodiment, the electrode among Fig. 1 102,103,105 and 111 can be changed to other positions on object 101 circumferential surfaces, to measure another voltage with the measuring method of Fig. 1.According to the characteristic quantity of a plurality of voltages that record and indicated object 101 sizes, the amount of these object 101 interior fats 110 will be calculated more accurately.
A kind of modification of Fig. 2 A and 2B presentation graphs 1 first embodiment.This modification electrode 112,113 and 115 electrodes 111 that replace among Fig. 1.In Fig. 2 A, power supply 104 is supplied with electric current between electrode 102 and 103, and the voltage V that produces between voltammeter 107 measurement electrode 105 and 113.In Fig. 2 B, power supply 104 is supplied with electric current between electrode 112 and 113, and the voltage V ' that produces between voltammeter 107 measurement electrode 103 and 115.Body fat accountant 125 is according to the voltage V that records and the characteristic quantity of V ' and representative object 101 sizes, the visceral fat mass of calculating object 101.At this moment, determine the position of electrode on object 101, so that the most accurately measure the amount of interior fat 110.For example, electrode 102,103 and 105 is arranged on object 101 backs, and electrode 112,113 and 115 is arranged near object 101 umbilicuss.According to the voltage V of voltammeter 107 measurements and the characteristic quantity λ of V ' and representative object 101 sizes, the relational expression of calculating the amount m of interior fat 110 is:
m＝a0+a1·λ α-(a2·V+a3·V′)·λ′ β
Herein, a0, a1, a2 and a3 are regression coefficient, and λ ' is the characteristic quantity of indicated object 101 sizes, and can equal λ, and α and β generally are 2 index (α=β=2).Index α and β are not limited to 2, and it is confirmed as optimum relation can be provided.
First modified example
Fig. 3 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on first modified example of first embodiment.This equipment has two current electrodes 102 and 103 that are arranged on object 101 body surfaces.Distance between the electrode 102 and 103 is compared enough weak points with the girth of object 101.This equipment also has a power supply 104, be arranged on electrode 102 and near 103 measurement electrode 105 and 106, the body fat accountant 125 of the voltage that the voltammeter 107 of the voltage that produces between one measurement electrode 105 and 106 and a basis record and characteristic quantity calculating object 101 visceral fat mass of representative object 101 sizes.With the characteristic of power supply 104 among first embodiment, obtain the technology of relational expression, the distance between the current electrode, the distance between current electrode and the measurement electrode, the shape of electrode etc. is applied to this modified example.
Explanation is utilized the method for the device measuring body fat amount of Fig. 3.Power supply 104 is supplied with electric current between electrode 102 and 103.Voltammeter 107 is measured the voltage that produces between the measurement electrode 105 and 106.Accountant 125 is according to the visceral fat mass of the characteristic quantity calculating object 101 of representative object 101 sizes of voltage that records and independent measurement.The voltage V that records with voltammeter 107 is equivalent to the amount of subcutaneous fat 108, thereby can calculate the amount of interior fat 110 according to the relational expression that draws as first embodiment.Determine electrode 102,103,105 and 106 positions on object 101 are so that the most accurately obtain the amount of interior fat 110.For example, they are arranged on the bigger back of object 101 subcutaneous fats 108.
According to first modified example, each electrode 102,103,105 and 106 among Fig. 3 can be changed to other positions on object 101 circumferential surfaces, to measure another voltage with the measuring method of Fig. 3.According to the characteristic quantity of a plurality of voltages that record and representative object 101 sizes, with the amount of the interior fat 110 of calculating object 101 more accurately.
Second modified example
Fig. 4 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on second modified example of first embodiment.This equipment has two current electrodes 116 and 117 positioned opposite to each other on object 101 circumferential surfaces basically, one power supply 104, be arranged near two measurement electrode 118 and 119 the object 101 circumferential surface top electrodes 116, and the distance between electrode 118 and 119 is less than the girth of object 101, the body fat accountant 125 of the amount of the voltage that the voltammeter 107 of the voltage V that produces between one measurement electrode 118 and 119 and records according to voltammeter 107 and characteristic quantity calculating object 101 interior fats 110 of representative object 101 sizes.
Current electrode 116 and 117 can be separately positioned on the back and abdominal part of object 101, perhaps is separately positioned on the flank of object 101.In order more accurately to calculate visceral fat mass, preferably electrode 116 and 117 is separately positioned on the back and abdominal part of object 101.
Explanation is utilized the method for the device measuring body fat amount of Fig. 4.Power supply 104 is supplied with electric current between current electrode 116 and 117.Voltammeter 107 is measured the voltage that produces between the measurement electrode 118 and 119.Accountant 125 is according to the visceral fat mass of the voltage that records with the characteristic quantity calculating object 101 of representative object 101 sizes of independently measuring.The voltage V that records with voltammeter 107 is equivalent to the amount of subcutaneous fat 108, thereby can calculate the amount of interior fat 110 according to the relational expression that obtains as first embodiment.With the characteristic of power supply 104 among first embodiment, obtain the technology of relational expression, the shape of electrode etc. is applied to this modified example.
Distance between the measurement electrode 118 and 119 preferably less than 1/6 of object 101 girths, is more preferably less than 1/8.If the distance between electrode 118 and 119 is too big, the voltage V that then records is subjected to the influence of interior fat 110 distributions and quantity.If the distance between electrode 118 and 119 is too little, then for the measurement sensitivity of voltammeter 107, the potential difference that produces between the electrode 118 and 119 is big inadequately.Therefore, the distance between the electrode 118 and 119 (distance of center to center) is preferably 3cm or longer.
Distance between current electrode 116 and the measurement electrode 118 must be in proper range.If this distance is too big, the distribution of then non-fats portion 109 and interior fat 110 and the voltage V that number affects records.If this distance is too little, then the contact condition between the shape and size of electrode and electrode and the object 101 influences the voltage V that records.Distance between the electrode 116 and 118 is preferably 0.5 to 3 times of object 101 subcutaneous fats 108 average thicknesss.
According to second modified example, power supply and measurement electrode can be changed to other positions on object 101 circumferential surfaces, to measure another voltage with the measuring method of Fig. 4.According to the characteristic quantity of a plurality of voltages that record and representative object 101 sizes, the more accurately amount of the interior fat 110 of calculating object 101.
Fig. 6 represents the body fat measuring instrument according to a kind of distortion of second modified example.This equipment has a power supply 104, current electrode 116 and 117, be arranged near two measurement electrode 120 and 121 the electrode 117, and the distance between electrode 120 and 121 is less than the girth of object 101, a voltammeter 107 and the body fat accountant 125 of the voltage V ' that produces between one measurement electrode 120 and 121.Accountant 125 is according to the voltage V that records with voltammeter among Fig. 4 107, the characteristic quantity λ of voltage V ' that records with the voltammeter among Fig. 6 and representative object 101 sizes of measuring separately, the amount m of calculating object 101 interior fats 110.The relational expression that accountant 125 uses is as follows:
m＝a0+a1·λ α-(a2·V+a3·V′)·λ′ β
A0 wherein, a1, a2 and a3 are regression coefficient, and λ ' is the characteristic quantity of indicated object 101 sizes, and can equal λ, and α and β are for generally being 2 index (α=β=2).Index α and β are not limited to 2, and it is confirmed as optimum relation can be provided.
According to the present invention,, can reduce the contact resistance between object and the electrode by between object and electrode, applying Signa Gel or Signa Gel sheet.The electrical impedance of object in the middle of a day (people) changes.For the body fat measurement amount error that the variation of calibration object electrical impedance in the middle of one day causes, can be according to measuring the voltage that time correction records.Before having meal and afterwards, the abdominal part state of object changes.In order to proofread and correct the body fat measurement amount error that causes owing to having meal, elapsed time is proofreaied and correct the voltage that records between can and measuring according to dining.
Can use the current measurement body fat amount of different frequency.The result who records is compared mutually, to improve the body fat measuring reliability.
Second embodiment
With the body fat measuring instrument of explanation according to second embodiment of the invention.This device measuring visceral fat mass is as interior fat cross-sectional area in the human body.
Fig. 7 represents the body fat measuring instrument according to second embodiment.This equipment has one first electrode group 1, this first electrode group 1 comprise with the object umbilicus as the reference position, be arranged on the electrode on object (people) abdominal surface; One second electrode group 2, this second electrode group comprises the electrode that is arranged on this object back; One third electrode group 3, this third electrode group comprise and are arranged on two electrodes that are in place, centre position between this first and second electrode group on the object surface; One umbilicus labelling 4, indication is provided with the reference position of this first electrode group 1; One is nonelastic in fact, thus expension belt 5 not; Bracelet 6 and 7 around subject's body fixing belt 5; With a controller 8.The first and second electrode groups 1 and 2 all can comprise two or more electrodes.Third electrode group 3 can comprise three or more electrode.In this way, measure band, comprise first electrode group 1, the second group of motors 2, third electrode group 3 and the umbilicus labelling 4 according to body fat of the present invention.
Controller 8 has a measuring device, supplying with electric current between the electrode of the electrode of the first electrode group 1 and the second electrode group 2, and measures the voltage that produces between two electrodes of third electrode group 3.Controller 8 also has an accountant, the stomach fat amount of the object that the voltage calculating belt 5 that records with basis is twined.This controller 8 can have an input equipment, with the input physical data relevant with object, as girth (waist measured value) U, sex, age (if desired) etc.; With a display 9, to show data of being imported and the fat mass that calculates.This accountant sex and age (if desired), calculates this object stomach fat amount according to the voltage and the data of input such as the waist measured value of object that record.Controller 8 is electrically connected by electric wire and this first, the second and third electrode group 1,2 and 3.This electric wire can embed in the belt 5, thereby they can the overslaugh measuring operation.
Explanation is utilized the method for the device measuring body fat amount of Fig. 7.As shown in Figure 8, twine belt 5, make umbilicus labelling 4 aim at the umbilicus of this object around the object waist.Fasten belt 5 by the length of regulating belt, and bracelet 6 is fixed belt 5 with bracelet 7 around the object waist with bracelet 6.
Operation control 8 is to import such as object waist measurement result U, the physical data at sex and age (if desired).During start button on pressing controller 8, the measuring device of controller 8 is supplied with electric current between the electrode of the electrode of the first electrode group 1 and the second electrode group 2, and measures the voltage V that produces between 3 two electrodes of third electrode group.The accountant of controller 8 calculates the stomach fat amount of this object according to the voltage V that records and the physical data of input.The fat mass that is calculated is presented in the display device 9.The posture of this object can be the station in the measuring process, sits or lies.Convenience and stability in order to measure are preferably stance.In order to be used with the abdominal part tomographic map of taking with the X-ray CT system, lying posture is best.The breathing state of object can be natural expiration in the measuring process, and natural aspiration is at utmost exhaled, and is at utmost air-breathing etc.For convenience and the stability of measuring, be preferably nature expiration and air-breathing.Usually at room temperature measure.For example, under the room temperature of 0 to 40 ℃ of scope, measure.For convenience of object, and for good electrical contact between electrode and the subject's skin, optimum temperature is in 10 to 35 ℃ of scopes.
The fat mass that is calculated is generally the visceral fat mass in the object abdominal part, is the interior fat cross-sectional area that twines belt 5 place's subject's body cross sections specifically.Usually, the total fat mass of people with a large amount of interior fats big (summation of interior fat and subcutaneous fat amount).Therefore, equipment of the present invention can be similar to total fat mass of object.
The measuring device of controller 8 has a power supply and a voltammeter.Wish that this power supply is an AC power supplies, because AC power supplies is easy to control.The frequency of this AC power supplies can arrive in the 500kHz scope 10, is preferably in 50 in the 200kHz scope.The current value that this power supply provides can be 0.3 to 3mA.When the voltammeter measuring voltage (amplitude of voltage or virtual value), can measure Phase delay simultaneously.Measured Phase delay is used to analytical data.
Voltage V between 3 two electrodes of the third electrode group that records is illustrated in basically when supplying with electric current between the electrode group of subject's body the electric potential gradient of place, centre position existence between first and second electrode group 1 and 2.This electric potential gradient is extremely relevant with visceral fat mass.If the absolute value of this gradient is bigger, then visceral fat mass is bigger; If less, then visceral fat mass is less.In addition, this electric potential gradient is not subjected to the distribution of subcutaneous fat and the influence of quantity, thereby can be used for simply, accurately calculating visceral fat mass.
In order to calculate visceral fat mass, obtain the relational expression that the voltage V that will record and visceral fat mass m connect in advance, and be kept in the accountant of controller 8.In order to obtain this relational expression, a plurality of objects with different fat mass m values are tested, and found out above-mentioned voltage V that records and the relation between the visceral fat mass m.When measuring voltage V, same current or different electric current are imposed on this object.When using different electric current, must be based on an electric current with the voltage standardization that records.In order to measure visceral fat mass m, can use the tomographic map that provides by X-ray CT system or MRI system; On the basis of these images, calculate cross-sectional area and volume as visceral fat mass.When calculating cross-sectional area, can consider the electric current diffusion according to tomographic image.That is, not only can obtain the tomographic map in a zone, and can obtain the tomographic map of near zone, and according to the mean value calculation interior fat cross-sectional area of this tomographic image.This can improve the correctness of calculating.When calculating total fat mass (internal organs and subcutaneous fat amount sum), draw relational expression with the same manner according to the voltage V that records.Can and utilize approximate this relational expression of preparing of linear polynomial from multivariate analysis.For example, relational expression is as follows:
m＝a0+a1·V·U n
Wherein m is the parameter of expression visceral fat mass, and a0 and a1 are regression coefficient, and U is the waistline value (the waist measurement) of object, and n is to be the index of zero or arithmetic number, and is confirmed as providing best correction, and is generally n=1 to 3.Can increase explanatory variable quantity, to improve the precision of relational expression.For example, can adopt following formula:
M=a0+a1VU n+ a2U N 'With
m＝a0+a1·V·U n+a2·V·U n′
Wherein a2 is a regression coefficient, and n ' can provide best gauged index for being determined to.Can prepare this relational expression according to non-linear multinomial,, perhaps prepare this relational expression according to the m that V and U is mapped to (mapping into) test determination to improve computational accuracy.Polytype non-linear multinomial can adopt.For example, can adopt following formula:
a0·m 3+a1·m 2+a2·m+a3＝V·U n
A0 wherein, a1, a2 and a3 are regression coefficient.In order to improve computational accuracy, can use different relational expressions according to the object sex.That is to say, prepare out at male's relational expression with at women's relational expression, and according to the Information Selection relevant of this input equipment of input with the object sex one of them.Afterwards, calculate the visceral fat mass m of this object according to this relational expression and the voltage V that records.
Belt 5 is made by essentially no elasticity or not extending material, as polrvinyl chloride, and synthetic resin, synthetic leather, natural leather, textile fabric and non-textile fiber.First can directly be fixed on the belt 5 to the third electrode group, perhaps can be arranged on the flexible supporter on the subject's body.This supporter is fixed on the belt 5, and can be made by synthetic resin or rubber.Can pull down controller 8, first to third electrode group, electric wire etc. from belt 5, thereby can clean belt 5 separately, or change it with new belt.Can on belt 5, increase graduation mark, with the waistline of measuring object.In order to keep the constant tightening force of belt 5 at the object waist, belt 5 can have graduation mark, thereby according to the object waistline bracelet is arranged on appropriate position on the belt 5.Belt 5 can adopt elasticity or Stretch material, as synthetic rubber or natural rubber, is in the position except that centre position between first and second electrode group 1 and 2.In order to realize fully contacting between electrode and the subject's skin, belt 5 can have outside second belt, forms the biobelt minor structure.Fasten second belt, the electrode on the belt 5 is pressed on the subject's skin, to guarantee electrically contacting between electrode and the skin.
When around subject's body the equipment of second embodiment being set, the second electrode group 2 is on the object back, and third electrode group 3 is on the object flank.Be fixed on the nonelastic belt 5 to the third electrode group owing to first, so according to change second of object waistline and the position of third electrode group 2 and 3 on the object waist.In order to improve certainty of measurement, preferably by make first and third electrode group 1 and 3 between distance L 1 with second and third electrode group 2 and 3 between the mode that equates substantially of distance L 2, electrode is fixed on the belt 5.Then, third electrode group 3 detects the voltage that midpoint produces between the first and second electrode groups 1 and 2, and is irrelevant with the waistline of object.When measurement waistline value is 60 to 110cm object, be preferably 35 to 50cm along the distance between first and second electrode 1 and 2 of belt 5 directions, be preferably 40 to 45cm.Distance between the first electrode group 1 and the umbilicus labelling 4 for 1cm for example to 6cm.
The equipment of second embodiment can be configured to, third electrode group 3 is on the right or left flank of object.If third electrode group 3 is on the right flank of object, then it is away from stomach, thereby the influence of being taken food is less.
Preferably two distance between electrodes with third electrode group 3 are arranged in the optimum range.If this distance is too short, the potential difference that then produces between the electrode is big inadequately for the measurement sensitivity of measuring device in the controller 8.Optimum distance between the electrode (distance of center to center) is 3cm or longer.If this distance is oversize, the voltage that then records will be subjected to the distribution of subcutaneous fat and the influence of quantity.Thereby distance between electrodes is preferably lacked than 1/6 of object waistline.If waistline is 60 to 110cm, then the electrode of third electrode group 3 is preferably 3 to 10cm to the distance of electrode.
Described in first embodiment, electrode be shaped as for example dish type or rectangle.If the employing disc electrode, its diameter can be 0.6cm to 3.5cm, is preferably 1.5cm to 2.5cm.If the employing rectangular electrode, its lateral length can be 0.6 to 3cm, and longitudinal length is 1.5 to 7cm.The surface configuration of electrode can be for smooth, recessed or protruding.If the radius of curvature of electrode surface is too little, then electrode can not be attached on the subject's skin fully, or the contact area between electrode and the skin changes with applied force, thereby make the electric condition instability.Therefore, preferably the radius of curvature of electrode is 5mm or bigger.Electrode can be by the synthetic resin version that is coated with metal, and metallic plate or electroconductive resin plate are made.In order to reduce contact resistance, can between each electrode and subject's skin, apply conducting liquid, Signa Gel, conductive paste or Signa Gel sheet.Conducting liquid can be for containing ionized water, as tap water, and astringent or saline.In order to reduce the contact resistance between electrode and the subject's skin, depressing before start button on the controller 8 begins electrical measurement, preferably electrode is placed on the skin several seconds by tens of seconds.
Fig. 9 represents the body fat measuring instrument according to a kind of modification of second embodiment.Controller 8 is separated with belt 5, and is attached thereto by electric wire 10.Can slave controller 8 or belt 5 on pull down electric wire 10.Can use infrared ray or electromagnetic wave to realize being connected between controller 8 and the belt 5 by wireless system.In this case, controller 8 and belt 5 all have emission/receiving circuit.This wireless system can be applied to other embodiments of the invention, modified example or its distortion.
As mentioned above, controller 8 comprises voltage measuring apparatus (circuit) and accountant (circuit).Controller 8 can also have a removable storage apparatus, as storage card, is used to preserve result of calculation.Controller 8 can be connected to wireless or wired control/communicator, as PC or portable phone, with control voltage measurement, electric current supply and calculating operation, and transmits result of calculation.
The 3rd modified example
Figure 10 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on the 3rd modified example of second embodiment.This modified example adopts the nonelastic belt 5 of elastic belt 11 replacements second embodiment, and bracelet 6 is installed in belt 11 1 ends.The miscellaneous part of the 3rd modified example is identical with second embodiment.Elastic belt 11 can be made by elasticity or extensible materials, as synthetic rubber, and natural rubber, elasticity textile fiber or pleated synthetic resin.Belt 11 can be made by elastomeric material fully, perhaps can be the mixture of elasticity and inelastic materials.The object waist extends and winding belt 11 by centering on, and carries out measuring operation as second embodiment, with the device measuring body fat amount of Figure 10.
Because belt 11 is made by elasticity or extensible materials, so distance between electrodes is adjustable, and with the distance between the object waistline change electrode group.That is to say that when being applied to the object of different waistlines, first keeps relative waist location constant to the third electrode group basically.Distance L 0 between first and second electrode group be preferably belt 11 not spread length 1/3 to 2/3.Preferably electrode group 1 to 3 is arranged on the belt 11, make first and third electrode group 1 and 3 between distance L 1 be substantially equal to second and third electrode group 2 and 3 between distance L 2.If the waistline of object is 60 to 90cm, then the not spread length of belt 11 is 56 to 59cm.In this case, can be 20 to 40cm along the distance between belt 11 directions, the first and second electrode groups 1 and 2.
As second embodiment, visceral fat mass m is provided and records relation between the voltage V by relational expression.The representative value of index n is n=1 to 3 in the relational expression.
According to the 3rd modified example, controller 8 can separate with belt 11, and is attached thereto by electric wire as Fig. 9 example.
The 4th modified example
Figure 11 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on the 4th modified example of second embodiment.Nonelastic belt 5 has guide rail 12 two positions, and the second electrode group 2 and third electrode group 3 be arranged on the guide rail 12, thereby this electrode group can move on guide rail 12.Other parts of the 4th modified example are identical with second embodiment.With the method for the device measuring body fat amount of the 4th modified example, according to the object waistline with second and third electrode group 2 and 3 be arranged on optimum position on the object.Other operations are identical with second embodiment.
According to the 4th modified example, second and third electrode group 2 and 3 can on guide rail 12, move.That is to say, can be according to the object waistline along the distance between the belt 5 adjusting electrode groups.Distance L 0 between the first and second electrode groups 1 and 2 is preferably 1/3 to 2/3 of object waistline U.Preferably make first and third electrode group 1 and 3 between distance L 1 with second and third electrode group 2 and 3 between distance L 2 equate.For example, the distance L between the first and second electrode groups 0 is that 1/2, the first electrode group 1 of object waistline and the distance L 1 ' between third electrode group 3 centers are 1/4 of waistline.Hope is provided with rule application in each object with these electrode groups.Guide rail 12 can have graduation mark along its direction, thus second and third electrode group 2 and 3 can suitably be arranged on the guide rail 12.
According to the 4th modified example, as the example of Fig. 9, controller 8 can separate with belt 5, and is attached thereto by electric wire.
The 5th modified example
Figure 12 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on the 5th modified example of second embodiment.This equipment has belt 5, and has the second electrode winding batter 13 and third electrode winding batter 14 on the belt 5, thereby can with second and third electrode group 2 and 3 is installed on the belt 5 and pull down second and third electrode group 2 and 3 from belt 5.Other parts of the 5th modified example are identical with second embodiment.Explanation is used the body fat measurement method of the 5th modified example equipment.According to suitable hole in object waistline selecting hole 13 and 14, and with second and third electrode group 2 and 3 be placed in the selected hole.Other operations of this method are identical with second embodiment.When with second and third electrode 2 and 3 when being placed in hole 13 and 14, they are electrically connected with controller 8 by electric wire.
Suitable hole in the selecting hole 13 and 14, and with second and third electrode group 2 and 3 be arranged in the selected hole, can regulate distance between the electrode group along belt 5 directions according to the object waistline.Distance between the first and second electrode groups 1 and 2 is preferably 1/3 to 2/3 of object waistline.Preferably make first and third electrode group 1 and 3 between distance with second and third electrode group 2 and 3 between distance equate.For example, the distance between the first and second electrode groups 1 and 2 is 1/2 of an object waistline, and the distance between the first electrode group 1 and third electrode group 3 centers is 1/4 of a waistline.Hope is provided with rule application in each object with these electrode groups.Hope is provided with graduation mark along 13 and 14, thus can according to graduation mark with second and third electrode group 2 and 3 suitably be provided with.
The 6th modified example
Figure 13 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on the 6th modified example of second embodiment.This equipment has one first electrode group 1, and this first electrode group comprises that one is arranged on electrode on the object abdominal surface with the object umbilicus as the reference position; One second electrode group 2, this second electrode group 2 comprises that one is arranged on the electrode on the object back; One third electrode group 3, this third electrode group comprise two electrodes that are arranged on this first and second place, electrode group centre position on the object surface; One umbilicus labelling 4, its expression are provided with the reference position of this first electrode group 1; One with first with third electrode group 1 and 3 arms 15 connected to one another; One with second with third electrode group 2 and 3 arms 16 connected to one another; The slide block 17 of one regulating arm, 15 length; With a controller 8.This controller 8 has a measuring device, and it supplies with electric current between the electrode of the electrode of the first electrode group 1 and the second electrode group 2, and measures the voltage that produces between two electrodes of third electrode group 3; With an accountant, it calculates the stomach fat amount of this object according to the voltage that records.
Controller 8 can have an input equipment, with the physical data at input such as object girth (waistline), sex, age (if desired) etc.; With a display 9, to show data of being imported and the fat mass that calculates.This accountant calculates the stomach fat amount of this object according to the voltage that records with such as the data of object waistline, sex and age (if desired).Controller 8 is electrically connected with third electrode group 1,2 and 3 by electric wire and first, second.This electric wire can embed in arm 15 and 16, thereby they can the overslaugh measuring operation.
Explanation is utilized the method for the device measuring body fat amount of the 6th modified example.Steering controller 8 is with the physical data of input such as object waistline, sex and age (if desired).As shown in figure 14, this equipment is installed to this object waist from the right flank of object, thereby the first and second electrode groups 1 and 2 lay respectively on the abdominal part and back of this object.Moving slider 17 and 18 with the length of regulating arm 15 and 16, and is fastened to third electrode group 3 on the object flank.Umbilicus labelling 4 is aimed at the umbilicus of object, and the first and second electrode groups 1 and 2 are pressed on the subject's skin.Press the start button on the controller 8.Then, the measuring device of controller 8 is supplied with electric current between the electrode of the electrode of the first electrode group 1 and the second electrode group 2, and measures the voltage that produces between 3 two electrodes of third electrode group.The accountant of controller 8 calculates the stomach fat amount of this object according to the voltage that records and the physical data relevant with object of input.The fat mass that calculates is presented on the display 9.
Arm 15 and 16 is made by for example plastics (synthetic resin), rubber, timber or pottery, and is C-shape.Utilize the length of slide block 17 and 18 regulating arms 15 and 16 so that first and third electrode group 1 and 3 between distance with second and third electrode group 2 and 3 between distance equate.Slide block 17 and 18 can have graduation mark, thereby can regulate according to the object waistline.The support that the second electrode group 2 is installed on it rotatably is connected in arm 16, so that the orientation of the second electrode group 2 is flexible, and realizes normal contact the between the second electrode group 2 and subject's skin.Being connected also and can rotating between the first electrode group 1 (controller 8) and the arm 15.
The fat mass that calculates is generally the visceral fat mass of object, and the first interior fat area to the subject's body cross-section of third electrode group especially is set.Usually, the people with a large amount of interior fats has bigger total fat mass (internal organs and subcutaneous fat amount sum).Therefore, the equipment of the 6th modified example can be similar to total fat mass of object.
The 6th modified example is object posture and the characteristic of breathing, power supply and voltammeter, the preparation of relational expression, the position of third electrode group 3, two aspects such as distance between electrodes, electrode shape and material of third electrode group 3 during measuring, and all copy second embodiment.
The 7th modified example
Figure 15 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on the 7th modified example of second embodiment.This equipment has one first electrode group 19, and this first electrode group comprises with the object umbilicus and is arranged on lip-deep two electrodes of object abdominal surface as the reference position; One second electrode group 20, this second electrode group comprises two electrodes that are arranged on the object back; One third electrode group 3, this third electrode group comprise two electrodes that are arranged on the object surface place, centre position between this first and second electrode group 19 and 20; One umbilicus labelling 21, its expression are provided with the reference position of this first electrode group 19; One spinal column labelling 22, its expression are provided with the reference position of this second electrode group 20; One controller 8; And this controller 8 is electrically connected to first the electric wire 23 on the third electrode group.
Controller 8 has a selector, and it selects in 19 two electrodes of this first electrode group one and 20 two electrodes of the second electrode group one; One measuring device, it supplies with electric current between the electrode of the selected first and second electrode groups 19 and 20, and measures the voltage that produces between two electrodes of third electrode group 3; And an accountant, it calculates the stomach fat amount of this object according to the voltage that records.This controller 8 can have an input equipment, with the physical data at input such as the girth (waistline) of object, sex, age (if desired) etc.; And a display 9, it shows the data of this input and the fat mass that calculates.This accountant calculates the stomach fat amount of this object according to the voltage that records with such as the data of object waistline, sex and age (if desired).Utilize jointing material or be fixed on the object surface to the third electrode group first such as the attachment device of sucker.
Explanation is utilized the method for the device measuring body fat amount of Figure 15.Umbilicus labelling 21 is aimed at the umbilicus of object, and the first electrode group 19 is attached on the abdominal surface of subject's body 24.Spinal column labelling 22 is aimed at the spinal column of object, and the second electrode group 20 is attached on the health back surfaces.Third electrode group 3 is attached to the centre position of going up between this first and second electrode group 19 and 20 on health 24 surfaces and locates.At this moment, second is preferably identical with the height of the first electrode group 19 with 3 height with third electrode group 20.For example, use laser designator, determine electrode group 3 and 20 fixed height towards health 24 surface-emitting laser bundles.For example, the level altitude of this electrode group is the height of this object umbilicus.Can use rules to measure centre position between the first and second electrode groups 19 and 20 along health 24, and the third electrode group is fixed to the centre position that records.Steering controller 8 is with the physical data of input such as object waistline, sex and age (if desired).Press the start button on the controller 8, thereby the selector of controller 8 is selected an electrode from the first and second electrode groups 19 and 20 each group.The measuring device of controller 8 is supplied with electric current between the selected electrode of the first and second electrode groups 19 and 20, and measures the voltage that produces between two electrodes of third electrode group 3.The accountant of controller 8 calculates the stomach fat amount of this object according to the voltage that records and the physical data of input, and demonstrates the fat mass that calculates on display 9.
The fat mass that calculates is generally the visceral fat mass of this object, is that subject's body is fixed first the interior fat cross-sectional area to the third electrode part cross section specifically.Usually, the people with a large amount of interior fats has bigger total fat mass (internal organs and subcutaneous fat amount sum).Therefore, the equipment of the 7th modified example can be similar to total fat mass of object.
Can use this device measuring third party's body fat amount.In this case, the health 24 of Figure 15 is the health that will measure the third party of body fat amount.
Have the standing part made by cohesive material or such as the adnexa of sucker according to the electrode group 3,19 and 20 of the 7th modified example, thereby this electrode group can be fixed on the surface of health 24.Each standing part all can have the viscosity Signa Gel, viscosity Signa Gel sheet, the structure of sucker or employing adhesive tape.
In Figure 15, utilize along the plastic board 25 of health 24 surface curvatures and support two electrodes in each electrode group simultaneously.Plastic plate 25 is not extending basically, thereby distance between electrodes remains constant value, and the flexibility of plastic plate 25 stably contacts electrode with health 24 surfaces.Plastic plate 25 can be transparent, can see the surface of health 24 by plastic plate 25.When being fixed to the electrode group on the health 24, the location that is easy to realize umbilicus labelling 21 and spinal column labelling 22.Can on electrode group 3,19 and 20, pull down electric wire 23.When on the surface that the electrode group is fixed to health 24, electric wire 23 under the electrode assembling and dismantling, and after the electrode group is fixed on the health 24, electric wire 23 is linked to each other with the electrode group.This can be avoided electric wire 23 hindrance electrode groups to be fixed on the health 24, makes it to be easy to the electrode group is fixed on the health 24.In order to make the electric wire 23 can be under the electrode assembling and dismantling, electric wire 23 can link to each other with the electrode group by for example wire clamp (mechanical connection) or Magnet (magnetic connection).
Second embodiment is all copied in aspects such as the shape of the preparation of the posture of the 7th modified example object during measuring and the characteristic of breathing, power supply and voltammeter, relational expression, the position of third electrode group, two distance between electrodes of third electrode group, electrode and material.
In Figure 15, the first and second electrode groups 19 and 20 include a plurality of electrodes.Respectively select an electrode from the first and second electrode groups, electric current can be flowed along different directions.Electric current flows through along different directions continuously, but and the voltage that produces between two electrodes of continuous measurement third electrode group 3, correctly to calculate visceral fat mass according to a plurality of voltages that record.Can prepare the voltage V1 record according to multivariate analysis, V2 ... and the relational expression of Vp and visceral fat mass m is as follows:
m＝a0+(a1·V1+a2·V2+...+ap·Vp)·Un＝a0+U n∑ ia i·V i
A0 wherein, a1 ..., ap is a regression coefficient, and U is the waistline of object, and n is for being zero or arithmetic number and be confirmed as providing the index of best relation.If amount m is the absolute value such as the interior fat cross-sectional area, then general n=3.If amount m is relative value, as the ratio of interior fat cross-sectional area with the total cross-sectional area of subject's body, then general n=1.In order to improve computational accuracy, can use different relational expressions according to the object sex.
Figure 16 A represents by select the example of the current path of different electrodes formations from the first and second electrode groups 19 and 20 with 16B.
Correlation difference between＜male and the women 〉
Relation between visceral fat mass that the curve representation of Figure 26 A and 26B is recorded by the X-ray CT system (area) and the value that records by the equipment of the 7th modified example, the relevant male of the data of Figure 26 A wherein, the relevant women of the data of Figure 26 B.The inventor obtains the data among Figure 26 A and the 26B by experiment.Abscissa represents that the voltage that records multiply by (waistline) 3, vertical coordinate is represented the interior fat area according to the abdominal part tomographic map acquisition of being gathered by the X-ray CT system.Male and female subject that the stain representative is detected.Use the body fat measuring instrument of Figure 15, make 1mA100kHz AC electric current, experimentize by the current path among Figure 16.Measuring voltage at room temperature.
As obviously as can be seen, there is significant difference between male and the women from Figure 26 A and 26B.When using body fat measuring instrument of the present invention, preferably prepare relational expression respectively, and, adopt one of them according to the object sex of importing by the input equipment of controller 8 at masculinity and femininity.
＜consider the calculating of age〉to body fat amount (visceral fat mass)
In in the used relational expression of body fat measuring instrument of the present invention object age Z being included in, improved the computational accuracy of visceral fat mass.
The visceral fat mass that the curve representation of Figure 28 is recorded by the X-ray CT system (area) S and with the relation of not considering between the interior fat area that the relationship with age formula calculates.The experiment of carrying out according to the inventor obtains these relations.Utilize the body fat measuring instrument of Figure 15, make the current path of the AC electric current of 1mA 100kHz, experimentize by Figure 16 A.Measuring voltage at room temperature.Detected object is the male.Abscissa is represented the interior fat area S that calculated by following relational expression:
S＝a0+a1·V·U 3
Wherein V is the voltage that records, and U is the waistline of object.Experiment shows that multiple correlation coefficient is R=0.856.
Relation between visceral fat mass that the curve representation of Figure 29 is recorded by the X-ray CT system (area) and the interior fat area that calculates with the relational expression that will take into account at the age.Abscissa is represented the interior fat area S that calculates according to following relational expression:
S＝a0+a1·V·U 3+b·Z
Wherein V is the voltage that records, and U is the waistline of object, and Z is the age of object, and a0, a1 and b are regression coefficient.Experiment shows that multiple correlation coefficient is R=0.928.
As from Figure 28 and 29 more as can be seen, the object age is increased in the relational expression, as Figure 29, obtain to approach the multiple correlation coefficient of " 1 ", show the precision raising of the visceral fat mass of calculating.Relation between the curve representation age of Figure 27 and the visceral fat mass (area) that recorded by the X-ray CT system shows that the age Z of object and the interior fat area that is recorded by the X-ray CT system have weak dependency, and promptly correlation coefficient is R=0.0424.Thereby, except expectation with object age Z with voltage V that records and object waistline U combine, the dependency between the visceral fat mass that records by the X-ray CT system of the bigger raising of hope and the visceral fat mass that records by equipment of the present invention also.Above-mentioned improvement may come from and comprise this fact of age dependency that object relationship with age formula is suitably proofreaied and correct this object electrical impedance when estimating object interior fat area.
Second embodiment and based on the modified example 3 to 7 of second embodiment wherein any one can be in input equipment the age Z of input object, and age Z is included in the explanatory variable, be used to estimate the precision of the relational expression of visceral fat mass with raising.This relational expression is as follows:
m＝a0+a1·V·U n+b·Z
M=a0+a1VU n+ a2U N '+ bZ or
a0·m 3+a1·m 2+a2·m+a3＝V·U n+b·Z
Wherein b is a regression coefficient.According to the 7th modified example, can also adopt following formula:
m＝a0+(a1·V1+a2·V2+...+ap·Vp)·U n+b·Z
＝a0+U n∑ iai·Vi+b·Z(i＝1，2，...p)
According to the equipment among Figure 15, the first and second electrode groups 19 and 20 all have a plurality of electrodes.In this case, suitably select current electrode and voltage measurement electrodes, measure a plurality of voltages, to calculate the body fat amount.For example, supply with electric current to each electrode of selecting from the first and second electrode groups 19 and 20.Use the remaining electrode of the first and second electrode groups 19 and 20 to measure the voltage V ' that produces between them, to obtain total fat mass m ' at corresponding abdomen area place.For example, total fat mass is subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area and interior fat cross-sectional area sum.Can prepare to comprise voltage V ' and always the relational expression of fat mass m ' is as follows according to multivariate analysis:
M '=a0+a1V ' U nOr
m′＝a0+a1·V′·U n+b·Z
A0 wherein, a1 and b are regression coefficient, and U is the object waistline, and n is for being zero or arithmetic number and be confirmed as providing the index of optimum relation.
The 3rd embodiment
Figure 17 represents the body fat measuring instrument according to third embodiment of the invention.This device measuring subcutaneous fat amount and visceral fat mass, and the subcutaneous fat amount can be the thickness or the cross-sectional area of object (people) subcutaneous layer of fat, visceral fat mass can be the interior fat cross-sectional area in this object.
The equipment of the 3rd embodiment has one first electrode group 28, and it is that the reference position is arranged on three electrodes on this object abdominal surface that this first electrode group comprises with the object umbilicus; One second electrode group 29, this second electrode group 29 comprises three electrodes that are arranged on this object back; One umbilicus labelling 30, its expression is provided with the reference position of the first electrode group 28; One spinal column labelling 31, its expression is provided with the reference position of the second electrode group 29; One with first and second electrode group 28 and 29 electric wires 32 connected to one another; With a controller 8.This controller 8 has a measuring device, and it supplies with electric current between two electrodes selecting from the second electrode group 29, and measure electrode selecting from the first electrode group 28 and an electrode selecting from the second electrode group 29 between the voltage that produces.This controller 8 also has an accountant, to calculate the body fat amount of this object abdominal part according to the voltage that records.This controller 8 can have an input equipment, the physical data at its input such as this object girth (waistline), sex, age (if desired) etc.; With a display 9, it shows data of being imported and the fat mass that calculates.
This accountant is according to the voltage that records with such as the stomach fat amount of this object of data computation at object waistline, sex and age (if desired).Controller 8 is electrically connected with the first and second electrode groups 28 and 29 by electric wire.The electric wire that connects the controller 8 and the second electrode group 29 can embed in the cable 32.Cable 32 can be the C-type arm of being made by plastics (synthetic resin), rubber, timber or pottery.
Explanation is utilized the method for the device measuring body fat amount of the 3rd embodiment.Steering controller 8 is with the input physical data, as waistline, sex and the age (if desired) of the object that will measure the body fat amount.Umbilicus labelling 30 is aimed at the umbilicus of objects, and the first electrode group 28 is pressed on the object abdominal surface with a hands.Utilize the another hands, spinal column labelling 31 is aimed at the spinal column of these objects, and the second electrode group 29 is pressed on the object back.Keep this state constant, and press the start button on the controller 8.Thereby the measuring device of controller 8 is supplied with electric current between two electrodes selecting from the second electrode group 29, and measures the voltage V1 that produces between an electrode of selecting from the first electrode group 28 and an electrode of the selecting from the second electrode group 29.The accountant of controller 8 calculates the stomach fat amount of this object according to the voltage V1 that records and the physical data of input.On display 9, show the fat mass that calculates.Umbilicus labelling 30 and spinal column labelling 31 are used to indicate the position that electrode group 28 and 29 are set on the subject's body surface.This makes electrode stably keep relative position constant having on any object of any waistline.An example of the current path that forms by the equipment of the 3rd embodiment when Figure 18 represents measuring voltage V1.
According to the body fat measuring instrument energy measurement subcutaneous fat amount of the 3rd embodiment, the subcutaneous fat amount can be subcutaneous fat thickness or the cross-sectional area that the cross-section of the first and second electrode groups 28 and 29 is set on the subject's body; And visceral fat mass, visceral fat mass can be the interior fat cross-sectional area of same cross-section.
Select two current electrodes the second electrode group 29 on being arranged on the object back, thereby they are flowing through electric current near the subcutaneous fat on the object back.Therefore, the voltage V1 that records is equivalent to the thickness of subcutaneous fat on this object back.According to voltage V1, can calculate the average subcutaneous fat thickness d that the second electrode group, 29 parts are set on the back.According to voltage V1, can also be similar to the subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area S that draws on the subject's body cross section.
For subcutaneous fat thickness d and the cross-sectional area S that calculates given object, must prepare out with this tittle with record the relational expression that voltage connects, and be kept in the accountant of controller 8.In order to prepare out this relational expression, by mode same as described above to a plurality of object measuring voltage V1 with different subcutaneous fat amounts.During voltage on measuring object, same current or different electric current can be imposed on this object.When different electric currents are imposed on object, must be based on an electric current with the voltage standardization that records.For thickness d and the cross-sectional area S that measures this object subcutaneous fat, adopt X-ray CT system or MRI system that the tomographic map of this object is provided, and, draw subcutaneous fat thickness and cross-sectional area based on tomographic map.
Can and utilize the approximate above-mentioned relation formula of preparing out of linear polynomial by multivariate analysis.For example, provide the relational expression of subcutaneous fat thickness d as follows:
d＝a0+a1·V1·U n
Wherein a0 and a1 are regression coefficient, and U is the object waistline, and n can be the index of zero or arithmetic number, and it is confirmed as the index of optimum relation being provided and being generally 1.Equally, provide the relational expression of subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area S as follows:
S＝a0+a1·V1·U n
If S is the absolute value of subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area, then n is generally 2.If S is the subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area and the ratio of total cross-sectional area, then n is generally zero.Can increase the quantity of explanatory variable, to improve the precision of relational expression.For example, can adopt following formula:
D=a0+a1V1Un+a2U N 'With
S＝a0+a11·V1·U n+a2·U n′
Wherein a2 is a regression coefficient, and n ' is zero or arithmetic number and be confirmed as providing the index of optimum relation.Can prepare this relational expression according to non-linear multinomial, to improve computational accuracy.
Can be in the input equipment of controller 8 the age Z of input object, thereby age Z is included in the explanatory variable, improving the precision of this relational expression, as follows:
D=a0+a1V1U n+ bZ or
d＝a0+a1·V1·U n+a2·U n′+b·Z
S=a0+a1V1U n+ bZ or
S＝a0+a1·V1·U n+a2·U n′+b·Z
Wherein b is a regression coefficient.
In order further to improve computational accuracy, can use different relational expressions according to the object sex.That is to say, prepare relational expression at masculinity and femininity respectively, and be used for the relational expression that fat calculates according to the object sex selection of importing in the input equipment.According to selected relational expression and the voltage V1 that records, the thickness d of calculating object subcutaneous fat or cross-sectional area S.
In the first electrode group 28 of the body fat measuring instrument of Figure 17 three or more electrode is arranged.Therefore, except that measuring voltage V1, the measuring device of controller 8 can be supplied with electric current between two electrodes selecting from the first electrode group 28, and measure the voltage V2 that produces between an electrode selecting from the first electrode group 28 and the electrode of selecting from the second electrode group 29, with the computational accuracy of raising subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area S.In this case, the accountant of controller 8 can be preserved the following relationship formula:
S＝a0+(a1·V1+a2·V2)·U n
Wherein a2 is another regression coefficient.This relational expression can comprise age item "+bZ ".Figure 19 represents an example of the current path of measuring voltage V2.
According to the waistline U of voltage V1 that records and input, the 3rd embodiment energy measurement visceral fat mass is as being provided with the cross-section interior fat cross-sectional area of the first and second electrode groups 28 and 29 on the subject's body.Voltage V1 is equivalent to the subcutaneous fat amount, and the waist measurement result is equivalent to total fat mass (internal organs and subcutaneous fat amount sum).Thereby their difference is equivalent to visceral fat mass.
In order to calculate visceral fat mass, prepare relational expression that voltage V1 and waistline U and visceral fat mass m are connected in advance, and be kept in the accountant of controller 8.In order to prepare this relational expression, adopt the technology of second embodiment.Can and utilize approximate this relational expression of preparing of linear polynomial by multivariate analysis.For example, provide this relational expression by following formula:
m＝a0+a1·U n′-a2·V1·U n
A0 wherein, a1 and a2 are regression coefficient, and U is the object waistline, and n and n ' they are can be zero or the index of arithmetic number, and are confirmed as providing the optimum relation.If amount m represents interior fat cross-sectional area absolute value, then general n '=1 to 2 and n=2.This relational expression can be prepared to non-linear polynomial form, to improve computational accuracy.
Can be in the input equipment of controller 8 the age Z of input object, thereby age Z is included in the explanatory variable, improving the precision of relational expression, as follows:
m＝a0+a1·U n′-a2·V1·U n+b·Z
Wherein b is a regression coefficient.In order further to improve computational accuracy, can use different relational expressions according to the object sex.That is to say, prepare relational expression at masculinity and femininity respectively, and be used for the relational expression that object fat calculates according to the object sex selection of importing in the input equipment.According to selected relational expression, the voltage V1 that records and object waistline U, calculate the visceral fat mass m of this object.
The body fat measuring instrument of Figure 17 has three or more electrode in the first electrode group 28.Therefore, except that measuring voltage V1, the measuring device of controller 8 can be measured above-mentioned voltage V2, so that improve the computational accuracy of visceral fat mass m.In this case, the accountant of controller 8 can be preserved the following relationship formula:
M=a0+a1U N '-(a2V1+a3V2) U nOr
m＝a0+a1·U n′-(a2·V1+a3·V2)·U n+b·z
The body fat measuring instrument of Figure 17 comprises more than two electrodes in the first electrode group 28.Therefore, the measuring device of controller 8 can be supplied with electric current between an electrode of selecting from the first electrode group 28 and an electrode of selecting from the second electrode group 29, and measure the voltage V3 that produces between the residue electrode of one of the first electrode group 28 residue electrode and the second electrode group 29, so that the computational accuracy of raising visceral fat mass m.Figure 20 represents an example of the current path of measuring voltage V3.In this case, the relational expression of preserving in the accountant can be as follows:
M=a0+a1U N '+ (a2V3-a3V1) U nOr
m＝a0+a1·U n′+(a2·V3-a3·V1-a4·V2)·U n
This formula can comprise age item " bz ".U is identical with waistline, and voltage V3 is corresponding with total fat mass, thereby this formula can omit " a1U N '".
The distance between electrodes of the second electrode group 29 is set within the optimum range.Distance between two current electrodes is better less than 1/6 of object abdominal part girth, preferably less than 1/8 of object abdominal part girth.If this distance is oversize, the electric current of then supplying with between the electrode will flow to the subject's body deep inside, thereby the voltage V1 that records is subjected to the distribution of this object muscle and interior fat and the influence of quantity.If this distance is too short, then increase with subcutaneous fat thickness, the measurement sensitivity of measuring device descends, and the voltage V1 that records in addition is subjected to the influence of electrode shape and size.Distance between near voltage measurement electrodes and this voltage measurement electrodes the current electrode is preferably about 0.5 to 3 times of object subcutaneous fat thickness.If this distance is too big, then because the pressure drop that causes of subcutaneous fat diminishes the reduction certainty of measurement for the contribution of survey voltage V1.In addition, big distance can have than the measurement sensitivity on the object of fat deposit under the thin skin by this measuring device of reduction.If this distance is too short, then the measurement sensitivity of this equipment reduces with subcutaneous fat thickening, and the voltage V1 that records is subjected to the influence of contact condition between the shape of electrode and size and electrode and the object.If the waistline of object is 60 to 90cm, and the subcutaneous fat thickness of this object is 1 to 4cm, then better the distance between the current electrode (distance of center to center) is set at 1 to 15cm, is preferably 2 to 10cm.And better voltage measurement electrodes and distance (center to center) between the current electrode adjacent with this voltage measurement electrodes are set at 0.6 to 10cm, are preferably 1 and arrive 6cm.The identical electrodes distance is applicable to the electrode of the first electrode group 28.
Second embodiment is copied in the posture of the 3rd embodiment object during measuring and the aspects such as characteristic, electrode shape and material of breathing, power supply and voltammeter.
The 8th modified example
Figure 21 represents the body fat measuring instrument of basis based on the 8th modified example of the 3rd embodiment.This equipment has one first electrode group 28, and it is that the reference position is arranged on three electrodes on this object abdominal surface that this first electrode group comprises with the object umbilicus; One second electrode group 29, this second electrode group 29 comprises three electrodes that are arranged on the object back; One umbilicus labelling 30, its indication is provided with the reference position of the first electrode group 28; One spinal column labelling 31, its indication is provided with the reference position of the second electrode group 29; One controller 8; With the electric wire 23 that first and second electrode group 28 and 29 is connected electrically on the controller 8.Controller 8 has a measuring device, and it supplies with electric current between two electrodes selecting from the second electrode group 29, and measure electrode selecting from the first electrode group 28 and an electrode selecting from the second electrode group 29 between the voltage that produces.This controller 8 also has an accountant, and it calculates the body fat amount of this object abdominal part according to the voltage that records.Controller 8 can have an input equipment, with the physical data at input such as object girth (waistline), sex, age (if desired) etc.; With a display 9, with the data that show this input and the fat mass of calculating.Accountant calculates the stomach fat amount of this object according to the voltage that records with such as the data of object waistline, sex and age (if desired).With jointing material or such as the adnexa of sucker the first and second electrode groups 28 and 29 are fixedly led on the object surface.
Explanation is utilized the method for the device measuring body fat amount of Figure 21.Umbilicus labelling 30 is aimed at the umbilicus of objects, and the first electrode group 28 is fixed on the abdominal surface of this subject's body 24.Spinal column labelling 31 is aimed at the spinal column of objects, and the second electrode group 29 is fixed on the back surfaces of health 24.Preferably make the level altitude of the second electrode group 29 identical with the first electrode group 28.For example, use laser designator one laser beam to be transmitted on the surface of health 24, to determine the level altitude of electrode group.The level altitude of electrode group is, for example the height of this object umbilicus.Steering controller 8 is with the physical data of input such as object waistline, sex and age (if desired).Press the start button on the controller 8, and the measuring device of controller 8 is supplied with electric current between two electrodes selecting from the second electrode group 29, and measure electrode selecting from the first electrode group 28 and an electrode selecting from the second electrode group 29 between the voltage that produces.The accountant of controller 8 calculates the stomach fat amount of this object according to the voltage that records and the physical data of input.On display 9, demonstrate the fat mass that calculates.
Can use the third-party body fat amount of this device measuring.In this case, the health 24 of Figure 21 will be for measuring the third-party health of body fat amount.
The 8th modified example is copied the 3rd embodiment at the technology of measurable body fat amount, measuring principle, preparation relational expression, the aspects such as distance between electrodes of electrode group.Figure 22,23 and 24 are expressed as respectively and measure the voltage V1 that defines among the 3rd embodiment, V2 and V3 and the example of current path in the 8th modified example that forms.Have jointing material or, be applicable to the 8th modified example basically according to relevant in the explanation of the 7th modified example of second embodiment such as the structure of the adnexa of sucker.Second embodiment is copied in aspects such as the shape of the posture of the 8th modified example object during measuring and the characteristic of breathing, power supply and voltammeter, electrode and material.
The combination of the present invention second and the 3rd embodiment can provide another kind of body fat measuring instrument.Figure 25 represents that a kind of basis is based on the 7th modified example of second embodiment and example based on the body fat measuring instrument of the combination of the 8th modified example of the 3rd embodiment.
In Figure 25, measuring device in the controller 8 is supplied with electric current between one of three electrodes of one of three electrodes of the first electrode group 28 and the second electrode group 29, measure the voltage V that produces between two electrodes of third electrode group 3, between two electrodes selecting from the second electrode group 29, supply with electric current, and measure electrode selecting from the first electrode group 28 and an electrode selecting from the second electrode group 29 between the voltage V1 that produces.The accountant of controller 8 is according to voltage V, and calculates visceral fat mass by the method for second embodiment the 7th modified example, simultaneously, calculates visceral fat mass according to voltage V1 and by the method for the 3rd embodiment the 8th modified example.On display 9, demonstrate the visceral fat mass of being calculated.
To compare mutually according to the visceral fat mass that these two kinds of methods calculate, to improve the reliability that fat mass calculates.If they distinguish very big each other, then display 9 may demonstrate the information that prompting remeasures.
According to the present invention, can use the different frequency electric current to carry out body fat and measure, and the result that will record compares mutually, to improve the body fat measuring reliability.
Any body fat measuring instrument of the second and the 3rd embodiment all can change the electrical impedance of object (people) within a day to be taken into account.That is to say, can proofread and correct the voltage that records according to Measuring Time, so that proofread and correct the error that this object electrical impedance changes the body fat amount of calculating that causes at any time.With afterwards, human stomach's state changes on the feed.Therefore, can according to after the feed when measuring elapsed time, the voltage that correction records.This can proofread and correct because the error of the body fat amount of calculating that feed causes.This accountant can be preserved a reference voltage range, thereby when because for example, the inappropriate contact causes when recording this reference voltage range of voltage deviation between subject's skin and the electrode, demonstrates error message on display 9.
Body fat amount such as interior fat cross-sectional area or the subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area that records can be shown as with cm 2Or inch 2Absolute value for unit.Perhaps, the fatty area that records can multiply by suitable coefficient, so that a standardized value to be provided.When with cm 2When showing fatty area for unit, can be according to 1cm 2, 2cm 2, 5cm 2, 10cm 2, 20cm 2Deng the interval show.If the employing large-spacing is as 10cm 2And 20cm 2, then not only can show the absolute value of fatty area, and can show to have more closely-spaced standardized value or the voltage that records simultaneously, to express the variation of fat mass delicately.This is being that unit is suitable equally when showing the fat mass record with the inch.The body fat amount that records can connect and convert to the body fat ratio with the body fat ratio that is used for traditional body fat meter, and is presented on the display 9 than form with body fat.The medical science viewpoint thinks that interior fat can cause the disease relevant with life style, as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension etc.Can on display 9, show health tip based on the visceral fat mass that records.
As mentioned above, body fat measuring instrument according to the present invention is easy to be applied to object, and is easy to accurately measure subcutaneous fat amount and visceral fat mass such as object subcutaneous fat layer thickness or cross-sectional area.
The application requires the Japanese patent application No.2001-046661 of application on February 22 calendar year 2001, the priority of the No.2001-206937 of the No.2001-115607 of application on April 13 calendar year 2001 and application on July 6 calendar year 2001, the full content of these applications is hereby incorporated by reference.Though described the present invention with reference to certain embodiments of the invention above, but the invention is not restricted to the foregoing description.According to its instruction, those skilled in the art obviously can expect the modification and the change of the foregoing description.Limit scope of the present invention with reference to following claim.

Claims (3)

1. equipment that is used to measure body fat comprises:
Two current electrodes that are arranged on the object circumferential surface, and the distance between described two current electrodes is less than 1/6 of the girth of this object;
First measurement electrode is arranged on the above two current electrode of this object near one of them;
Second measurement electrode is arranged on this object relative with described two current electrodes basically across this object;
Voltage measuring apparatus supplying with electric current between described two current electrodes, and is measured the voltage that produces between this first and second measurement electrode; And
Accountant with according to voltage that records and the characteristic quantity of representing this object size, calculates the visceral fat mass of this object.
2. equipment that is used to measure body fat comprises:
Two current electrodes that are arranged on the object circumferential surface, and the distance between described two current electrodes is less than 1/6 of the girth of this object;
Near two measurement electrode that all are arranged on the above two current electrode of object;
Voltage measuring apparatus supplying with electric current between described two current electrodes, and is measured the voltage that produces between described two measurement electrode; And
Accountant according to the voltage that will record and represent the characteristic quantity of this object size and the relational expression that visceral fat mass connects, calculates the visceral fat mass of this object.
3. equipment that is used to measure body fat comprises:
Two current electrodes, it is arranged on the object circumferential surface across this object basically toward each other;
Two are arranged near this current electrode measurement electrode one of them, and the distance between described two measurement electrode is less than 1/6 of the girth of this object;
Measuring device supplying with electric current between described two current electrodes, and is measured the voltage that produces between described two measurement electrode; And
Accountant is to calculate the visceral fat mass of this object according to voltage that records and the characteristic quantity of representing this object size.
CNB2007101268277A 2001-02-22 2002-02-15 Apparatus for measuring body fat Expired - Lifetime CN100525703C (en)

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JP2001206937 2001-07-06

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