CN100520298C - Method for fine correcting satellite remote sensing image geometry based on topographic line - Google Patents
Method for fine correcting satellite remote sensing image geometry based on topographic line Download PDFInfo
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- CN100520298C CN100520298C CN 200710065856 CN200710065856A CN100520298C CN 100520298 C CN100520298 C CN 100520298C CN 200710065856 CN200710065856 CN 200710065856 CN 200710065856 A CN200710065856 A CN 200710065856A CN 100520298 C CN100520298 C CN 100520298C
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Abstract
A geometric precise-correcting method of satellite remote sensing image based on form line includes calling on digital DRM, confirming maximum dropping direction, storing drop amount as C, confirming threshold a by man-machine interaction, storing comparison result of C and a as D, vectoring D to obtain valley linear file E, obtaining array F by calculation on highest mass point Max of A, repeating above said step to obtain peak linear file E2, superposing called on satellite image with vector E1 and E2, storing surface feature coordinate as G and carrying out fitting-correction.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the method for check mark correctness on record carrier, particularly the data identification method of satellite remote sensing images.
Background technology
Satellite is observed to thousands of kilometers last air to surface face from the hundreds of kilometer, be subjected to the influence of factors such as variation of refraction, the sensor s internal and external orientation of fluctuating, the atmosphere of curvature, the landform of rotation, the earth surface of the earth, remote sensing images often produce geometry deformation.Satellite remote sensing images is carried out geometric exact correction make itself and the strict registration of basic geographical base map, ensure area, length, the position of remote sensing satellite data, the correctness and the reliability of how much tolerance of spatial relationship, become the basis of remote sensing application.When remotely-sensed data is used, it is generally acknowledged that basic geographical base map is data error free, that do not have distortion, utilize the outstanding point that to discern on the satellite images such as river net on the basic geographical base map, road net, lake to control the correction satellite remote-sensing image, it is general correcting method, but in the zone, mountain region, the not enough difficulty in reference mark is looked for, the reference mark deficiency has influenced the quality that the satellite shadow is corrected.In the mountainous region, topographical elevation difference changes the effect that the height displacement that causes has further influenced geometric exact correction.Digital terrain model, DEM (Digital Elevation Model) is stable data in the geographical base map, it comprises all feature dotted lines that the landform on this engineer's scale changes, it is geography line, the collection of geometric exact correction reference mark file depends on naked eyes identification and computer interactive operation in the prior art, how to seek and the acquisition controlling point with feature dotted lines such as river net, road net, lakes, usually be subjected to the influence of aspects such as people's subjective judgement, operation are difficult for, inefficiency, data error are big.
Summary of the invention
Satellite remote sensing images reference mark difficulty is looked in order to overcome, the technical barrier of reference mark deficiency, and the present invention utilizes the geography line among the DEM, and a kind of geometric exact correction method of satellite remote sensing images is provided, and can accurately control and correct the remote sensing images that any local deformation is arranged.Whether this method also can be used for comparing complicated mountain topography remote sensing images consistent with the geographic position of expectation, also can be used for remote measurement and the map reference of locating the ground reconnaissance object.
The inventive method is carried out according to following steps:
1) call in digital DEM from storing media, computing machine is managed by the coordinate of earth-fixed co-ordinate system and is shown this DEM, is called digital array A,
It is characterized in that:
2) the height above sea level height of 8 points of each point and periphery of comparison A by maximum drop method, is determined the maximum descent direction of landform of this point, and all the some comparison is finished, and obtains expressing the new digital array of landform descent direction, and it is saved as digital array B;
3) to each point of A,, search for other point that all drop to this point continuously according to the direction that B determines, add up drop to this point continuously all count, after whole point search of A finish, obtain expressing the new digital array that landform is accumulated slippage continuously, it is saved as array C;
4) a digital α is determined in man-machine interaction, each point of C is carried out size relatively with α, if greater than α, then this is the cheuch region, is designated as 1, otherwise is non-cheuch, be designated as Nodata, after whole points of C relatively finish, obtain digital array, save as D, wherein, the foundation of determining of parameter alpha is to utilize computing machine that D is shown as black white image, and carry out visual understanding and contrast with topomap, if the image expression of D and landform are coincide, then α chooses better, otherwise needs to change the numerical value of α, tentative calculation again again;
5) utilize array to be converted into the computing method of vector, D is carried out vector quantization, obtain expressing the numerical map of cheuch, be recorded as E
1
6) the Gao Haidian of statistical computation A is designated as Max, each point of A is accessed do following calculating, adds 2000 deduct the numerical value of this point with Max after, obtains new array F;
7) F is repeated the 1st) go on foot the 5th) step processing procedure, obtain topographical crest vector E
2
8) call in the satellite image array from storing media, computing machine is shown as false color image by earth-fixed co-ordinate system with it, and with vector E
1With E
2The demonstration that superposes with it, by the principle of culture point coupling of the same name, man-machine interaction is gathered the respective coordinates of culture point of the same name to (X
i, Y
j) and (U
i, V
j), and with its record with save as file G;
9) utilize many graticule mesh of self-adaptation method, correct polynomial expression with the sample data match of G, and image is carried out geometric exact correction.
The accumulation slippage can be inserted data tree structure record result with two in the described step 3).
The remedial frames that described method obtains further carries out statistical sampling with grid method, determines the quality and the error of correcting.
The method that satellite remote sensing images is corrected in control based on geography line that the present invention proposes, utilized DEM to extract the geography line file, by calculating and vector quantization, satellite image is corrected in ditch valley line, topographical crest control with vector format, correct the geometric error of the satellite image of handling and be reduced to by 2～5 pixel errors and be no more than 1 pixel than only carrying out system with water system etc., make things convenient for choosing of reference mark, improved the satellite remote sensing images in area, mountain region and the registration accuracy of basic geographical base map.Because this processing is the necessary basis that satellite remote sensing images is used, the medium of computer-reader form provided by the invention or the hardware digital array treating apparatus of developing with the method, the satellite image geometric exact correction can be realized, and prospecting survey fields such as earth resources, military affairs, map, agricultural can be widely used in.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the device block scheme of storage media of the present invention and computer interface.
Fig. 2 is a program flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Be described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
(1) utilizes the data processing of the present invention to the satellite remote sensing images in zone, Anning City
Yunnan Province adjoins Kunming in the Anning City, be positioned at 102 ° 10 of east longitude '～102 ° 37 ', 24 ° 31 '～25 ° 06 of north latitude ' between; The east margin that is located in plateau, the middle regions of the Yunnan Province, domestic breaking topography, mountain region looks in the genus.
Following data processing uses the Arc/Info of U.S. Esri company as platform.
1. data are prepared
ETM (Enhanced Thematic Mapper) satellite remote sensing images through system-level correction, satellite orbit number (WRS) 129/043, array size 6969 row * 5965 row, sun altitude SUN ELEVATION=52.4, solar azimuth SUNAZIMUTH=139.8, the scape center is east longitude 103 degree 5 minutes and 0 second, north latitude 24 degree 33 minutes and 0 second.Select the 5th, the 4th, the 3rd wave band, the satellite image of synthetic approximate true color.
Use the 1:50 that gathers, 000 contour map layer is as extracting the preliminary date that geography line is handled.
2. the extraction of geography line and result
2.1 DEM generates and handles
Utilize 1:50,000 digitizing level line generates TIN (TIN) data; TIN is converted into the grid array data of 10 meters resolution, i.e. DEM; To DEM carry out smoothly, processing such as denoising, remove pseudo-trapping spot down.
2.2 the extraction of ditch valley line and topographical crest, processing and result
2.2.1 the extraction of ditch valley line
Based on the water flow simulation method of terrestrial materials to the lower motion, utilize single current to determine the flow direction of each grid point to maximum gradient method, calculate the accumulative total charge for remittance amount of each grid point according to the water (flow) direction of DEM, the charge for remittance amount is a point on the ditch valley line greater than the grid points of certain threshold value.This threshold value is relevant with engineer's scale and the grid point resolution thereof of DEM, and value is too big, may cause expressing the losing of geography line of ninor feature; Value is too little, and a lot of lowlands can form planar closed line, rather than the minimum point center line, and it is better to get fault value L=60 effect.Extraction based on the geography line of above-mentioned principle has comprised following several steps:
(1) directivity function that flows to of using Arc/Info calculates the slippage that DEM goes up each grid point, obtains flowing to matrix M dir.
Flow to computation model and use 1,2,4,8 respectively, on behalf of grid, 16,32,64,128 flow to due east, the positive southeast, due south, positive southwest, Zheng Xi, positive northwest, Zheng Bei and 8 directions in northeast just, as following table:
| 32 | 64 | 128 |
| 16 | 1 | |
| 8 | 4 | 2 |
According to formula (1), calculate 8 of each grid point and flow to the gradient value, get the flow direction of maximum gradient direction for this point.
Wherein, Drop is the gradient value of adjacent cells, and Δ Z is the difference of elevation of adjacent grid, and distance is the distance of adjacent cells.
(2) the integrated flow function calculation of application Arc/Info flows to the integrated flow Macc of each grid point of matrix M dir.
(3) conditional function of using Arc/Info calculates the ditch valley line, if Macc〉L, think that this grid point is a cheuch, makes Mgorge=1.
The Thin () that uses Arc/Info respectively carries out refinement and vector quantization with two functions of GridLine () to Mgorge, generates ditch valley line Cnet.
2.2.2 the extraction of topographical crest
Calculate the Gao Haidian of Mdir, be designated as Max, DEM is carried out inverse operation, the zone of height above sea level is become the lowland, the zone that height above sea level is low becomes the highland, utilizes transform:
DEM_1＝Max-DEM+2000
Obtain new array DEM_1.Repeat the processing of 2.2.1, can obtain topographical crest.
3. the reference mark is gathered and is corrected processing
3.1 gather at the reference mark
In the editor and data acquisition environment of Arcedit, the ETM satellite image is treated to false color image; Call in the ditch valley line, show with blue; Call in topographical crest, represent with redness.When the cheuch reference mark was gathered in manual interaction, selecting point of crossing, the flex point of the geography line that visual effect is good on the satellite image was the reference mark, and guaranteed that any little regional area all has the reference mark to distribute.With behind the total data Rotate 180 °, gather the ridge reference mark, all reference mark constitute reference mark file G.In peaceful more than 1000 square kilometre zone, the reference mark in the G file reaches 1175.
Handle 3.2 correct
With the sample point set of Adjust () the function processing controls point G file of Arc/Info, adopt multiple regression procedure, set up the transformed polynomial of satellite image plane to the plane, reference mark, realize correction.This method is a kind of adaptive optimized calculation method, method is regarded the continuum of deformation direction unanimity as a section according to sample point to the direction vector amount that constitutes, Zone Full is divided into m section, sets up 5 polynomial expressions respectively in each section and carries out the correction in this zone.
4. correct and estimation of error based on the essence of geography line
The error that the satellite image geometric correction exists is a stochastic variable, according to theory of errors, and its Normal Distribution.Setting up the axiom graticule mesh map layer of random start, is that the unit carries out random sampling with the grid points.For the grid points of drawing, seek and measure geometric error alternately, the error set X on each lattice point from the nearest point of this lattice point
1, X
2..., X
nConstituted the independent same distribution random sample of estimation of error.Average Δ X with sample estimates global error.The estimator of Δ X is:
ΔX＝(X
1+X
2，...，+X
n)/n ......(1)
Here, N is the sample point number.
Degree of confidence is that the fiducial interval of 1-α is:
{ΔX-St
n-1(α)/n
1/2，ΔX+St
n-1(α)/n
1/2} ......(2)
Here, S
2={ (X
1-Δ X)
2+ (X
2-Δ X)
2+ ... ,+(X
n-Δ X)
2}/(n-1)
Correct processing at the Adjust of Arc/Info (), obtained the same image of registration effect, the terrain feature that satellite imagery is expressed and most ditch valley line have been realized accurate registration.
On this image, set up the graticules that tolerance is spaced apart 0.02 degree, graticule mesh is encoded, obtain the small sample of 20 points after the random sampling of exploiting field.Pair warp and weft entoilage figure carries out projection, as true value, uses the interactive approach measurement to choose to the error on the grid vertex of sample point with the ditch valley line, obtains sample data, as following table:
| Numbering | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Error | 28.63 | 16.98 | 30.35 | 41.55 | 26.88 | 34.28 | 56.35 | 29.86 | 22.32 | 46.53 |
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| 34.63 | 12.87 | 22.23 | 9.11 | 35.30 | 24.16 | 34.71 | 24.68 | 42.40 | 35.24 |
Last table is used for the sample point of estimation of error
Application of formula (1) is tried to achieve overall evaluated error:
ΔX＝30.453
Get 1-α=0.9, look into the t distribution table and get t (19) (1-0.1)=1.3277, utilize formula (2), try to achieve overall estimation interval and be:
{30.453-11.38×1.3277/19
1/2，30.453+11.38×1.3277/19
1/2}＝{26.99，33.91}
(2) effect comparison of smart rectification error of the present invention and system-level rectification error
Often exist the geometric error, particularly landform of a plurality of picture points to change big area, mountain region through the satellite image of system-level correction, error is bigger.With the water system line is true value, and by manual visual measurement, geometric error does not wait from more than 190 meters to more than 200 meters.
Ditch valley line and 1:50 that DEM extracts, the stack of river and satellite image thereof shows on 000 topomap, after smart the correction, can see obviously that water system line and ditch valley line are not other vector datas of the order of magnitude; The water system line only just occurs in the large watershed district, and the ditch valley line can appear at the place of any topographic relief, and as true value, visual measuring error all is no more than 1 pixel, promptly about 30m with the ditch valley line.
Claims (3)
1. satellite remote sensing images geometric exact correction method based on geography line has step:
1) call in digital DEM from storing media, computing machine is managed by the coordinate of earth-fixed co-ordinate system and is shown this DEM, is called digital array A,
It is characterized in that:
2) the height above sea level height of 8 points of each point and periphery of comparison A by maximum drop method, is determined the maximum descent direction of landform of this point, and all the some comparison is finished, and obtains expressing the new digital array of landform descent direction, and it is saved as digital array B;
3) to each point of A,, search for other point that all drop to this point continuously according to the direction that B determines, add up drop to this point continuously all count, after whole point search of A finish, obtain expressing the new digital array that landform is accumulated slippage continuously, it is saved as array C;
4) a digital α is determined in man-machine interaction, each point of C is carried out size relatively with α, if greater than α, then this is the cheuch region, is designated as 1, otherwise is non-cheuch, be designated as Nodata, after whole points of C relatively finish, obtain digital array, save as D, wherein, the foundation of determining of parameter alpha is to utilize computing machine that D is shown as black white image, and carry out visual understanding and contrast with topomap, if the image expression of D and landform are coincide, then α chooses better, otherwise needs to change the numerical value of α, tentative calculation again again;
5) utilize array to be converted into the computing method of vector, D is carried out vector quantization, obtain expressing the numerical map of cheuch, be recorded as E
1
6) the Gao Haidian of statistical computation A is designated as Max, each point of A is accessed do following calculating, adds 2000 deduct the numerical value of this point with Max after, obtains new array F;
7) F is repeated the 1st) go on foot the 5th) step processing procedure, obtain topographical crest vector E
2
8) call in the satellite image array from storing media, computing machine is shown as false color image by earth-fixed co-ordinate system with it, and with vector E
1With E
2The demonstration that superposes with it, by the principle of culture point coupling of the same name, man-machine interaction is gathered the respective coordinates of culture point of the same name to (X
i, Y
j) and (U
i, V
j), and its record saved as file G;
9) utilize many graticule mesh of self-adaptation method, correct polynomial expression with the sample data match of G image is carried out geometric exact correction.
2. a kind of satellite remote sensing images geometric exact correction method based on geography line according to claim 1 is characterized in that step 3) accumulation slippage writes down results with two slotting data tree structures.
3. a kind of satellite remote sensing images geometric exact correction method based on geography line according to claim 1 is characterized in that carrying out statistical sampling with grid method, to calculate the quality and the error of correcting.
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| CN101436187B (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2011-05-11 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Information acquisition method based on geographical entity district distribution feature data |
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| CN103968808B (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2016-12-28 | 国家基础地理信息中心 | The strict geometric correction method of wide visual field Satellite CCD image |
| CN103337052B (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2016-07-13 | 国家测绘地理信息局卫星测绘应用中心 | Automatic geometric correcting method towards wide cut remote sensing image |
| CN103235810B (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2016-03-02 | 国家测绘地理信息局卫星测绘应用中心 | Remote sensing image reference mark data intelligence search method |
| CN105354832B (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2019-06-21 | 西南林业大学 | A kind of method on mountain area satellite image autoregistration to geographical base map |
| WO2019062166A1 (en) | 2017-09-30 | 2019-04-04 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 | Method for automatic geometric correction of cross-platform moon-based earth observation imaging |
| CN107657597B (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2020-09-08 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 | Automatic geometric correction method for cross-platform moon-based earth observation image |
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| CN109559286B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-12-06 | 电子科技大学 | Variance gradient constraint method infrared image edge preserving denoising method |
| CN111127646B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2023-03-14 | 西南林业大学 | Construction method and system of rasterized elevation curved surface for measuring height difference of landform |
| CN112182823B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-05-27 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | Automatic identification method and system for icing microtopography based on vector calculation |
| CN112381294B (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2023-09-19 | 重庆数字城市科技有限公司 | Pollution discharge forward prediction analysis method |
| CN113836751B (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-02-08 | 武汉峰岭科技有限公司 | Automatic adjustment method and system for digital elevation model based on contour line stretching |
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