CN100519572C - 作为p、n配体的异噁唑啉衍生物 - Google Patents
作为p、n配体的异噁唑啉衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100519572C CN100519572C CNB028156579A CN02815657A CN100519572C CN 100519572 C CN100519572 C CN 100519572C CN B028156579 A CNB028156579 A CN B028156579A CN 02815657 A CN02815657 A CN 02815657A CN 100519572 C CN100519572 C CN 100519572C
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
- formula
- alkyl
- phenyl
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 15
- 150000002547 isoxazolines Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 15
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005864 Sulphur Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous guanidine Natural products NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009901 transfer hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007341 Heck reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003739 carbamimidoyl group Chemical group C(N)(=N)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006197 hydroboration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013456 study Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VERUITIRUQLVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical group CCCCC1=NCCO1 VERUITIRUQLVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical group [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- LBRMHWIVGGUZPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-1,2-oxazolidin-3-yl]phosphane Chemical compound PC1CCON1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2S1 LBRMHWIVGGUZPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- VVASHBLTVSKBOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(2,3-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-benzofuran-3-yl]phosphane Chemical compound O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(P)=C1C1NC=CO1 VVASHBLTVSKBOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- KSKYOGITQANSNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(2,3-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1h-indol-3-yl]phosphane Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(P)=C1C1NC=CO1 KSKYOGITQANSNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 phosphanyl benzothienyl-dihydro-isoxazole quinoline Chemical compound 0.000 description 50
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 26
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 23
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 12
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DRBLTQNCQJXSNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CSC2=C1 DRBLTQNCQJXSNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000005826 halohydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical group C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XGRJZXREYAXTGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorodiphenylphosphine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 XGRJZXREYAXTGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 4
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000021523 carboxylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006473 carboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VPSSPAXIFBTOHY-LURJTMIESA-N (2s)-2-amino-4-methylpentan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)CO VPSSPAXIFBTOHY-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGFAWKRXZLGJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 OGFAWKRXZLGJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SHZKAOBIMOJMID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-ylphosphane Chemical compound PC1OC=CN1 SHZKAOBIMOJMID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CODBZFJPKJDNDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[5-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl]amino]-9-(trifluoromethyl)-5,7-dihydropyrimido[5,4-d][1]benzazepine-6-thione Chemical compound CN(C)CCCC1=CN=C(C)C(NC=2N=C3C4=CC=C(C=C4NC(=S)CC3=CN=2)C(F)(F)F)=C1 CODBZFJPKJDNDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUZSBKJSGSKPJH-VXGBXAGGSA-N 5-[(9R)-6-[(3R)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl]-11-oxa-1,3,5-triazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-2,4,6-trien-4-yl]pyrazin-2-amine Chemical compound C[C@@H]1COCCN1c1nc(nc2N3CCOC[C@H]3Cc12)-c1cnc(N)cn1 KUZSBKJSGSKPJH-VXGBXAGGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MITGKKFYIJJQGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-6-methylsulfonyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-carbazol-4-one Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C(=O)N2C3=CC=C(C=C3C=3C(CCCC2=3)=O)S(=O)(=O)C)C=C1 MITGKKFYIJJQGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-alpha-Methylhistamine Chemical compound CNCCC1=CN=CN1 PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N tert-butyl-[(1r,3s,5z)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(2-diphenylphosphorylethylidene)-4-methylidenecyclohexyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=C)\C1=C/CP(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/06—Cobalt compounds
- C07F15/065—Cobalt compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
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Abstract
本发明涉及新型的phosphanyl苯并噻吩基-二氢异噁唑啉、phosphanyl-二氢噁唑基-吲哚和phosphanyl-二氢噁唑基-苯并呋喃型配体,特别是式(I)的化合物和这种化合物的混合物,其中X是氧、硫、硒或NQ,其中A是未取代的或取代的芳基、或者烷基或取代的烷基,本发明还涉及它们的制备方法、新型的前体和中间体,带有所述配体的络合物、其制备及其作为有机合成(特别是不对称有机合成)催化剂的用途。
Description
发明概述
本发明涉及新型的phosphanyl苯并噻吩基-二氢异噁唑啉、phosphanyl-二氢噁唑基-吲哚和phosphanyl-二氢噁唑基-苯并呋喃型配体,其制备方法,新型的前体和中间体,带有所述配体的络合物,其制备及其作为有机合成催化剂的用途。
发明背景
混合的给电子配体,特别是P、N配体,构成一类络合能力不太强的配体,它们在分子中包含有硬和软给电子原子的组合,因此,得到的金属络合物显示出独特的反应活性。P、N配体的实用性在整个不对称催化反应,比如不对称烯丙基烷基化、加氢、转移加氢、氢化硅烷化、硼氢化、加氢甲酰化、Diels-Alder反应、格氏交联反应、Heck反应和共轭-加成反应,以及共聚、三聚、催化胺化和交联范围内已经得到证明(参见F.Y.Kwong,K.S.Chan,Organometallics,20,2570-2578(2001),和G.Helmchen,A.Pfaltz,Acc.Chem.Res.,33,336(2000))。
现已发现,在使用P、N配体的对映选择性催化中,用于选择性的关键因素是P-M-N的"咬入角"(络合金属M、配位原子磷和氮之间的配位角)。膦芳基噁唑啉配体(PHOX配体)是已知的(参见G.Helmchen,A.Pfaltz,Acc.Chem.Res.,33,336(2000))。
本发明的目的是提供一类新的配体,凭借它们特定的键角和改变给电子体性能的可能性,这类配体使得可以制备出特别有益的催化剂。其中一个具体的目的是在催化中获得更高的对映异构过量(ee)并获得高的收率。
发明概述
本发明涉及式I的化合物:
特别是式IA或IB的化合物,
及其混合物,其中:
X是氧,硫,硒或NQ,其中Q是未取代的或取代的芳基,或者是烷基或取代的烷基;
n是0,1,2,3或4;
A1和A2各自为能够键合到磷上的有机基团,特别是未取代的或取代的烷基,未取代的或取代的芳基,未取代的或取代的杂环基,未取代的或取代的环烷基,或者-N(D)2,其中D2是烷基或取代的烷基;或者A1和A2与键连的磷原子一起形成环,该环可以是未取代的或者取代的;
Y,Y′,Y"和Y"′各自彼此独立地为氢或烷基,取代的烷基(包括芳基-低级烷基,其中芳基是未取代的或取代的,和杂环基-低级烷基,其中杂环基是未取代的或取代的),未取代的或取代的芳基,或者未取代的或取代的杂环基,Y,Y’,Y”或Y”’中至少有一个是上述基团中除氢之外的一个基团;和
Z,当存在时,是一个取代基,当有许多个z取代基存在时,对于那些取代基来说,可以彼此独立地进行选择。
本发明也涉及一种制备式I化合物,特别是式IA或IB化合物或其混合物的方法。
本发明还涉及包含式I化合物,特别是式IA或IB化合物或其混合物作为配体的过渡金属络合物。
本发明再一方面,涉及式I化合物,特别是式IA或IB化合物,或者其混合物的络合物作为有机合成催化剂的用途,以及使用那些催化剂来制备有机化合物的方法。
带有式I配体,特别是式IA或IB配体,以及其混合物的络合物可以用于许多合成中。与其他配体,比如PHOX配体相比,它们会导致产生高的收率,并且当使用式I,特别是式IA或IB的纯异构体时,还能导致产生高的立体选择性,例如高的对映异构过量。另一个优点是,通过改变X,还可以对式I,特别是式IA和/或IB的配体进行电子调节,并因此,例如通过试验性比较或者计算机模拟,可以确定并使用对特定反应来说最佳的配体。
发明详述
除非有相反的表述,在上下文中使用的通用术语(包括反应和反应条件)优选具有以下意义,这些具体的定义和反应描述可以彼此独立地取代上下文中提到的通用术语,从而形成本发明的优选实施方案:
前缀"-低级"或"低级"表示所述基团优选包含高达7个碳原子,特别是高达4个碳原子。因此低级烷基优选为C1-C7-烷基,特别是C1-C4烷基,并且可以是无支链的或者可能的话,支化一次或多次,它们是例如甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,仲丁基,叔丁基,戊基或己基。
式I,特别是式IA和IB化合物,式II,特别是式IIA和IIB化合物,式V,特别是式VA和VB化合物,以及式VI,特别是式VIA和VIB化合物的混合物尤其是以任意希望的比例,例如IA:IB为1-3:1-3的比例存在的非对映异构体或对映异构体的混合物,特别是外消旋物,或所述类型的非手性配体。
烷基特别是C1-C20烷基,并且可以是无支链的或者支化一次或多次。优选低级烷基。
取代的烷基尤其带有一个或多个,优选1-3个基团,这些基团彼此独立地选自如下定义的未取代的或取代的芳基,特别是苯基;未取代的或者取代环烷基,特别是如下定义的环烷基,尤其是环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基;未取代的或取代的杂环基,特别是如下定义的杂环基;卤素,比如氯或氟;羟基;低级烷氧基,比如甲氧基或乙氧基;苯基-低级烷氧基,如苄氧基;低级烷酰氧基,比如乙酰氧基;氨基;N-低级烷基-或N,N-二-低级烷基氨基;N-苯基-低级烷基-或N,N-二(苯基-低级烷基)-氨基;羧基;低级烷氧羰基;苯基-低级烷氧羰基;氰基;氨基甲酰基;胍基;脒基;和氨磺酰基。
卤素尤其是,氯,溴或碘,除非另有说明。
n优选为0或1,特别是0。
能够键合到磷上的有机基团尤其是未取代的或取代的烷基,未取代的或取代的芳基,未取代的或取代的杂环基,未取代的或取代的环烷基,-OD或-N(D)2,其中D是烷基或取代的烷基。
未取代的或取代的烷基优选如上定义,但是,对于处于基团-N(D)2中的D来说,具有活性氢原子的取代基,比如羟基或氨基,不键合到碳原子上,而是D键合到氮原子上(不稳定)。优选低级烷基。
芳基优选是由一个或多个环组成的、且以碳作为环原子、具有高达24个,优选6-14个环碳原子的不饱和环系,特别是苯基、萘基或芴基,它们是未取代的或者被一个或多个,尤其是高达3个基团取代,这些基团选自硝基、低级烷基和上述用于取代烷基的那些基团。优选苯基。
杂环基优选是不饱和、饱和或者部分饱和的单、二或多环体系,优选具有3-30个,特别是4-16个环原子,至少有一个环原子是除碳以外的原子,优选高达4个,特别是高达3个环碳原子被选自氧、氮或硫的杂原子取代。杂芳基是未取代的或者被一个或多个,特别是高达3个取代基取代,这些取代基选自硝基、低级烷基和以上提到用于取代烷基的取代基。杂环基尤其是咪唑基、噻吩基、呋喃基、四氢呋喃基、吡喃基、噻蒽基、异苯并呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、苯并吡喃基、2H-吡咯基、吡咯基、吡咯啉基、吡咯烷基、咪唑烷基、苯并咪唑基、吡唑基、吡唑烷基、pyranyol、噻唑基、异噻唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、哒嗪基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、吲哚嗪基、异吲哚基、3H-吲哚基、吲哚基、吲唑基、三唑基、四唑基、嘌呤基、4H-喹嗪基、异喹啉基、喹啉基、四氢喹啉基、四氢异喹啉基、十氢喹啉基、八氢异喹啉基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、酞嗪基、萘啶基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、噌啉基、蝶啶基、咔唑基、B-咔啉基、菲啶基、吖啶基、萘嵌二氮苯基、菲咯啉基、呋咱基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、异色满基或色满基,这些基团中的每一个均为未取代的或者被1-3个选自低级烷基、低级烷氧基和卤素的基团取代。优选未取代的杂环基,特别是上列基团之一。
由A1和A2与键连的磷原子一起形成的环优选由磷原子和未取代的或取代的三亚甲基、四亚甲基或五亚甲基形成,其中所述取代基尤其可以是一个或多个,优选高达4个取代基,它们选自烷基,优选定义如上的烷基,特别是低级烷基;环烷基,优选以下定义的环烷基,特别是C3-C8环烷基;芳基,优选如上定义的芳基,特别是苯基;和芳烷基,特别是苄基。
取代基Z优选是低级烷基,硝基或者上述用于取代烷基的取代基之一。当存在许多基团Z(n>1)时,它们彼此独立地进行选择,即,它们中的一些或者全部可以相同或者它们可以全都不同。
含有式I配体,尤其是式IA和/或IB配体,更特别是这两个配体中的一个的络合物主要是与过渡金属形成的络合物,特别是与元素周期表第III-XII族、镧系或者锕系的金属,尤其是第IV-XII族的金属形成的络合物,特别是与铑、钌、钯、铂、铱、镍或钴形成的络合物。
这种络合物可以根据标准的方法,使用离子溶液或者使用过渡金属络合物来制备,后者例如为通过与[(COD)RhCl]2(COD=环辛二烯)、[(COD)2Rh+]G-(其中G-是BF4 -、SbF6 -、PF6 -或CF3SO3 -)、与[Rh(1,5-COD)2]CIO4、[Rh(COD)(乙酰基丙酮化物)]等反应得到的铑络合物;和通过与[RuCI2(C6H6)]2、[RuCI2(PPh3)3](Ph=苯基)等反应得到的钌络合物。所获得的络合物除了反离子之外可能还包含另外的配体,例如苯等。
制备通过标准方法,例如在有机溶剂的存在下,在惰性气体,比如氮气或氩气气氛中,在大气压和在0℃-混合物沸点的温度下进行(参见例如G.Helmchen,A.Pfaltz,Acc.Chem.Res.,33,336(2000)和其中引用的文献)。
或者,相应的络合物还可以原位制备,例如在惰性气体,比如氩气气氛下,在加热到回流的无水醇,比如异丙醇中原位制备,然后将所得含络合物的溶液直接与待催化反应的底物相结合。
相应的络合物可以用于许多催化应用场合,特别是(主要使用异构纯的式I化合物,大半是式IA或式IB的化合物)用于不对称催化反应中,比如不对称烯丙基烷基化、加氢、转移加氢、氢化硅烷化、硼氢化、加氢甲酰化、加氢氨化、狄尔斯-阿尔德反应、格氏交联反应、Heck反应和共轭-加成反应,以及用于共聚、三聚、催化胺化和交联中(参见F.Y.Kwong,K.S.Chan,Organometallics,20,2570-2578(2001),和G.Helmchen,A.Pfaltz,Acc.Chem.Res.,33,336(2000))。
式I,特别是式IA和/或IB的化合物可以根据本身已知的方法(但是就新型原料和最终产物而言是新的),特别是如下的方法制备:为了制备式I的化合物,使式II的化合物或者,特别是为了制备式IA的化合物,使式IIA的化合物或者,为了制备式IB的化合物,使式IIB的化合物或者,为了制备式I,特别是式IA和IB化合物的混合物,使式II,特别是IIA和IIB化合物的混合物(其中,Z、n、Y、Y′、Y"、Y"′(当存在时)和X如式I,特别是式IA或IB化合物中所定义),
在金属有机基团加成之后,与式III的化合物反应:
其中,A1和A2如式I,特别是式IA或IB中所定义,L是卤素,特别是氯或溴(或者对于式I化合物的合成来说,还可以通过氧化膦进行,随后对其进行还原),并且,如果希望的话,将得到的式I,特别是式IA或IB的化合物,或者其混合物转化为不同的式I,特别是式IA或IB的化合物,或者其混合物,和/或将得到的式I,特别是式IA或IB化合物的异构体混合物分离成单独的异构体。
在下文对于反应条件和原料化合物制备的更详细描述中,除非另有陈述,符号A1、A2、n、X、Y、Y′、Y"、Y"′和Z均如式I,特别是式IA或IB化合物中所定义。
式II,特别是式IIA和/或IIB化合物与式III化合物之间的反应优选在无水介质中和在无水条件(优选Schlenk容器)下进行,特别是在非质子有机溶剂,比如醚,特别是二低级烷基醚,更特别是乙醚,或者环醚,特别是四氢呋喃中,和在-80-40℃,特别是-78-25℃的优选温度下进行,在金属有机基团与式IIA或IIB化合物之间的初期反应中优选使用相对低的温度,而在所得有机金属化合物与式III化合物的反应中则更优选使用比较高的温度。适当的金属有机基团特别是有机锂化合物,比如低级烷基锂,优选丁基锂,如正丁基锂。反应优选在保护气体,如氮气或者氩气气氛中进行。
转化反应:
可以通过将存在的任意取代基转化为其他取代基,例如通过用已知的方法将苯基低级烷氧基或低级烷酰氧基转化为羟基、将N-苯基低级烷基或N,N-二(苯基低级烷基)转化为氨基,将低级烷氧羰基转化为羧基等而将式I,特别是式IA或IB化合物转化为不同的式I,特别是式IA或IB化合物。
把式I,特别是式IA和IB化合物的异构体混合物分离成独立的异构体是通过标准方法实现的,例如通过在具有手性表面结构的色谱柱材料上进行色层分离,用形成手性盐的试剂沉淀,对异构体进行酶催化分离(例如通过只改性其中一个异构体而使另一个异构体处于未改性的形式)等等,或者这些方法的组合来实现。
原料化合物:
原料化合物(特别是式III)是已知的,或者可根据本身已知的方法获得,或者它们是市售的。
式II,特别是式IIA或IIB的化合物,或者其混合物尤其可以通过使式IV的化合物
(其中,K是氰基或者活化的羧基,其余的基团如式I化合物中定义)与式V的β-氨基醇(用于制备式II化合物),特别是式VA的β-氨基醇(用于制备式IIA化合物)或者式VB的β-氨基醇(用于制备式IIB化合物)反应来获得,或者对于式II,特别是式IIA和IIB化合物的混合物来说,与式V的β-氨基醇的混合物,特别是式VA的醇和式VB的醇的混合物反应来获得,
其中,Y,Y′,Y"和Y"′各自如式I化合物中所定义。
对于其中K是氰基的情况来说(特别是当X=NQ时),反应在将腈转化为二氢噁唑基团的常用条件下进行,优选在锌盐,特别是氯化锌(优选事先通过熔融使得变为无水状态)存在下,在卤代烃,特别是芳烃,如氯苯中,在加热条件下,优选从50℃-回流温度,特别是在回流温度下进行反应。
对于K为活化羧基的情况来说(特别是当X=O,S时),特别考虑要将卤素(尤其优选)、酰氧基、活化的烃氧基、活化的烃硫基和-N(CH3)-OCH3作为活化的羧基。卤素特别是氟,或者更特别是氯或溴;酰氧基优选低级烷酰氧基。活化的烃氧基或者烃硫基优选是未取代的或取代的低级烷氧基、未取代的或取代的芳氧基(优选含6-12个环原子)或者未取代的或取代的杂环氧基(优选不饱和或完全或部分饱和的单或双环环系,其具有4-12个环原子和高达3个选自氮、硫和氧的杂原子),特别是在1-位上酯化的羰基,如低级烷氧羰基、氰基或苯羰基-取代的低级烷氧基,特别是低级烷氧羰基甲氧基,如乙氧羰基甲氧基、氰基甲氧基或苯酰氧基(Ph-CH2-O-),叔丁基硫,N-苯并三唑基氧,N-丁二酰亚胺基氧,吡啶基氧或吡啶基硫,特别是2-吡啶基氧,或者更特别是2-吡啶基硫,或电负性取代的芳氧基,如对-硝基苯氧基,2,4-二硝基苯氧基,五氟苯基氧或2,4,5-三氯苯基氧。
反应在惯常的条件下进行,优选在叔氮碱,如三低级烷基胺,特别是三乙胺,或者含叔氮的环碱,如吡啶或者二甲基氨基吡啶存在下,在适当的溶剂,如卤代烃,特别是氯化低级烷烃,如二氯甲烷中,在-20-30℃,特别是0-30℃的优选温度下进行。起初获得式VI(从V),特别是VIA(从VA)或VIB(从VB)的中间体化合物,或者其混合物(从式V,特别是VIA和VIB化合物的混合物),
其中,各基团均如式I,特别是IA或IB化合物中所定义。然后,在无机酸卤化物,特别是如三卤化磷、五卤化磷或亚硫酰卤,如磷酰氯、磷酰溴、三氯化磷、三溴化磷、五氯化磷、五溴化磷、亚硫酰氯或亚硫酰溴的存在下,通过分离相应的具有卤素原子而不是羟基的化合物,或者通过立即进行进一步的反应将所述化合物或混合物转化为相应的式II,特别是式IIA或IIB化合物或者其混合物。这一反应在适当的溶剂,例如卤代烃,如卤化低级烷烃,特别是二氯乙烷的存在下,在高温,特别是50-80℃,例如约70℃的温度下进行。当分离出卤化的中间体时,之后将它转化为相应的式II化合物或者这种化合物的混合物,特别是式IIA和/或IIB的化合物或者其混合物,这一转化是在氢氧化物溶液,例如碱金属氢氧化物,如氢氧化钠溶液的存在下,在适当的溶剂,特别是醇,如甲醇或乙醇中进行的。
其中K为活化羧基的式IV化合物,例如通过标准方法获得;特别是,它们可以通过转化式VII的酸获得,
其中Z,n和X如式I化合物中定义,该转化利用有机酸卤化物(当它是酰卤时,考虑到适当的反应过程,还得到酰氧基)或者优选无机酸卤化物(得到式IV的羧酸卤化物),特别是相应的无机酸卤化物,如三卤化磷、五卤化磷或者亚硫酰卤,如磷酰氯、磷酰溴、三氯化磷、三溴化磷、五氯化磷、五溴化磷、亚硫酰氯或者亚硫酰溴,特别是使用亚硫酰氯实现;转化在存在溶剂或者不存在溶剂的情况下和优选在高温,特别是40℃-回流温度,特别是在回流温度下进行。从式IV的羧酸卤化物出发,根据标准方法,通过与相应的烃硫醇或烃基醇反应可以制备,例如,相应的式IV的烃硫羰基或烃氧羰基化合物,或者它们直接与式VII的羧酸在偶联反应物,如二环己基碳二亚胺的存在下,必要时在叔氮碱,如吡啶、N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶或三低级烷基胺,和,必要时在惯用的溶剂存在下反应。
式VII的羧酸可以特别通过式VIII化合物的羧化获得,
其中Ha1是溴、氯或碘,特别是溴或氯。羧化优选在用金属,特别是如锂或者更特别是用镁将式VIII的化合物转化之后,通过紧接着使二氧化碳通过该混合物来实现,所述转化是在醚,如二低级烷基醚,例如乙醚中,在烷基卤,如甲基碘的存在下,在0℃-回流温度,特别是20℃-回流温度下进行的,而羧化时则优选加入芳烃,如甲苯作为溶剂,并且反应优选在10-40℃,特别是在大约室温下进行。
式VIII的化合物特别是可以通过使式IX化合物
(其中X如式IA和IB化合物中定义,并优选硫,n和Z如式IA和IB化合物中定义)与氯、溴或碘在适当的溶剂,特别是卤代烃,如氯仿中,在优选的10-40℃的温度,特别是在大约室温下反应得到。
式IX的化合物是已知的,可以根据本身已知的方法制备和/或是市售的。
其中K是氰基的式IV化合物可以,例如从式X的醛得到
(其中X,Z和n如式IA和IB化合物中定义,X优选为NQ,其中Q如式I化合物中定义,特别是低级烷基),这首先是通过使这种化合物在羟胺或其盐,如卤化氢盐,特别是盐酸羟胺的存在下,在极性溶剂,如醇,特别是乙醇中,在叔氮碱,如吡啶存在下,优选在高温,例如25℃-回流温度,特别是在回流温度下反应形成相应的肟,然后,优选在分离之后,脱水形成相应的氰化物,特别是利用羧酸酐,更特别是低级烷烃羧酸酐,如乙酸酐,在高温,特别是40-120℃,更特别是70-90℃下脱水形成相应的氰化物。
式X的化合物是已知的,可以根据本身已知的方法制备和/或是市售的。例如,式X的化合物(其中X是NQ,其中Q尤其是低级烷基)可以通过使相应的其中X为NH的化合物与强碱,特别是碱金属氢化物,如氢化钠,在适当的溶剂,如环醚,特别是THF(还可以存在烃,如矿物油)中,在0-50℃的优选温度,特别是在大约室温下,与式Q-M的化合物(其中M是离去基团,特别是卤素,如溴或碘)反应得到。
式V,特别是VA或VB的化合物是已知的或者可以根据本身已知的方法制备,或者大部分是市售的,如D-或L-形式的亮氨醇,缬氨醇,苯基甘氨醇,异亮氨醇,丙胺醇,苯基丙胺醇,组氨醇,蛋氨醇(所有这些均可从Fluka,Buchs,Switzerland获得)以及各自在羧基上被低级烷基酯化的酪氨醇,色氨醇,赖氨醇,精氨醇,或者谷氨醇或天冬氨醇,或者丝氨醇,半胱氨醇等。
通用的反应条件:
在所有的原料化合物中,不参与反应的官能团必要时可以通过保护基保护起来。保护基的特点是它们的脱除简单(即,不会发生不希望有的副反应),例如可通过溶剂解、还原、光解或者在类似于生理条件的条件,例如酶促条件下脱除。
保护基可以在任何适合的阶段导入和脱除。所属技术领域的专业人员对于适合的保护基很熟悉,并且对其在反应的不同阶段引入和除去的需要和可能性也很熟悉。
通过这种保护基来对官能团进行保护,适合用于保护,例如氨基、羟基、巯基、羧基、酰胺基或者胍基的保护基,适合于引入保护基的试剂,适当的保护基及脱除保护基的反应对本领域技术人员来说将是很熟悉的。适当的保护基的实例可以参见标准书籍,如J.F.W.McOmie,"有机化学中的保护基",Plenum出版社,伦敦和纽约,1973;T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts,"有机合成中的保护基",第三版,Wiley,纽约,1999;"肽",第3卷(编辑:E.Gross和J.Meienhofer),学术出版社,伦敦和纽约,1981;"Methoden der organischenChemie",Houben-Wey1,第4版,15/1卷,Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart,1974;H.D.Jakubke和H.Jescheit,“Aminosauren,Peptide,Proteine”,Verlag Chemie,Weinheim,Deerfield Beach,和Base1,1982;和/或Jochen Lehmann,“Chemie der Kohlenhydrate:Monosaccharide and Derivate”,Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart,1974。
必要时,所述反应在不存在氧,并且往往也不存在二氧化碳和/或水分的情况下,例如在保护气,如氩气或氮气气氛中进行。
可能的话,原料化合物和中间体也可以以盐的形式使用,以盐的形式获得或者根据通用的方法转化为盐的形式,例如,在羧基化合物转化为相应的金属盐,例如碱金属盐,如钠或钾盐,或碱土金属盐,如钙盐,或氮碱盐,如铵盐、三低级烷基铵盐、吡啶盐等的情况下。在可能形成盐的时候,任何时候提到任何化合物,均应理解为包括相应的盐。
除了已经提到的溶剂之外,在有利并且对于所述反应来说可能的情况下,也可以使用其他适合的溶剂。这种溶剂可以例如选自以下所列:水;酯,如低级烷基-低级链烷酸酯,例如乙酸乙酯;醚,如脂肪醚,例如乙醚,或环醚,如二氧六环或四氢呋喃;液态芳烃,如苯或甲苯;醇,如甲醇、乙醇或1-或2-丙醇;腈,如乙腈;卤代烃,如二氯甲烷、氯仿或二氯乙烷;酰胺,如二甲基甲酰胺;碱,如杂环氮碱,例如吡啶;羧酸,如低级烷烃羧酸,如乙酸;羧酸酐,如低级链烷酸酐,例如乙酸酐;环状、直链或支链烃,例如环己烷、己烷或异戊烷;或这类溶剂与其他溶剂的混合物,如水溶液。这种溶剂与溶剂混合物也可以,如通过色层分离或分配用于加工过程。在上下文中任何时候提到溶剂或洗脱剂均应当理解为还包括这种溶剂或洗脱剂的混合物。
在上下文中无论什么情况下提到溶剂,在有利并且可能的情况下,还可以使用两种多种上述溶剂的混合物。所属技术领域专业人员将知晓,对于某些反应来说,这种溶剂或溶剂混合物必须以无水(绝对)状态使用,并且,必要时,使用的反应容器必须具有干燥的表面。
本发明的优选实施方案:
在下述本发明的优选实施方案中,通用的符号或术语可以单独地、彼此独立地或全都一起被上述更具体的定义代替,除非另有说明;从而定义出本发明特别优选的实施方案。
本发明涉及上述式I,特别是IA或IB的化合物及这种化合物的混合物,其中:
X是氧、硫或NQ,其中Q是烷基;
N是0;
A1和A2均为未取代的或取代的芳基;和
Y,Y′,Y"和Y"′各自彼此独立地为氢、烷基或未取代的或取代的芳基,Y,Y′,Y"和Y"′中至少有一个基团具有上述意义中除氢之外的一种意义。
特别优选这样的式I,特别是式IA、式IB化合物和这种化合物的混合物,其中:
X是硫或NQ,其中Q是低级烷基,特别是甲基;
N是0;
A1和A2均为苯基;和
Y,Y′,Y"和Y"′各自彼此独立地为氢、低级烷基,特别是异丙基或叔丁基,或苯基,Y,Y′,Y"和Y"′中至少有一个基团是上述基团中除氢之外的一个基团。
本发明尤其涉及如上面两段或在最开始定义的式I,特别是式IA或式IB的纯异构体(优选纯度大于80%,特别是大于90%,更特别是大于95%,非常特别是大于98%)。
本发明还特别涉及过渡金属,特别是铑、钌、还有钯、铂、铱、镍或钴的络合物,其包括如上面两段定义的式IA或IB化合物或其混合物作为配体。
为了制备络合物,尤其使用异构体纯的式I,特别是式IA或IB之一的化合物,得到适合于作为手性催化剂用于进行立体选择性反应的催化剂。
本发明还涉及新型的中间体化合物,特别是式II,更特别是式IIA和IIB的化合物及其混合物,特别是实施例中提到的式II化合物。
本发明特别涉及在以下实施例中提到的式I,尤其是式IA和/或IB的化合物,其制备方法,新型的前体和中间体,式I,特别是式IA和/或IB化合物及其混合物的络合物,以及其络合物作为催化剂用于制备有机化合物的用途或工艺。
以下实施例用于阐明本发明而不是限制其范围:
缩写:
b.p. 沸点
eq. 当量
h 小时
HV 高真空
min 分钟
NMR 核磁共振色谱
RT 室温
THF 四氢呋喃
下页示出实施例1-3的反应流程:
实施例1-3的反应流程:
实施例1:2-(2-二苯基phosphanyl-苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)-(4S)-异丙基-4,5-二氢噁唑啉8a:
在Schlenk容器中,在氩气保护下,将噁唑啉7a(0.92克,3.83毫摩尔)溶于10毫升乙醚中并冷却到-78℃,滴加正丁基锂(1.6M的己烷溶液,2.63毫升,4.20毫摩尔,1.1当量)并把所得乳状悬浮液搅拌1.5小时。然后滴加氯代二苯基膦,把反应混合物在室温下再搅拌30分钟。之后加入戊烷和水,分出有机相,用水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并通过蒸发浓缩,得到8a(1.30克,79%),黄色油状物,在高真空下结晶:
31P-NMR(124MHz,CDCl3):-12.4;1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):0.81(d,J=6.8,3H);0.90(d,J=6.5,3H);1.62-1.70(m,1H);3.88(dd,J=7.6,7.6,1H);3.95-4.04(m,1H);4.16(dd,J=8.9,7.8,1H);7.28-7.49(m,12H);7.65-7.69(m,1H);8.57(d,J=8.2,1H).
原料的制备如下:
a)3-溴-苯并[b]噻吩2:
在室温下将溴(9.1毫升,0.176毫摩尔,1.07当量)在60毫升氯仿中的溶液滴加到搅拌的苯并[b]噻吩(1,22.4克,0.166毫摩尔)在340毫升氯仿中的溶液中。2.5小时之后,蒸出溶剂,之后把残留的液体在高真空下蒸馏(0.16毫巴,94℃),得到2(27.7克,78%),浅黄色溶液:
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):7.39-7.51(m,2H);7.70-7.75(m,1H);7.95(s,1H);7.99-8.04(m,1H).
b)苯并[b]噻吩-3-羧酸3:
将2与甲基碘(14.4毫升,230毫摩尔,1当量)在230毫升无水乙醚中的溶液滴加到剧烈搅拌的镁屑(24.3克,575毫摩尔,2.5当量)在60毫升无水乙醚中的悬浮液中,滴加要使得反应温度不超过34℃。当加料结束后,使反应混合物沸腾回流30分钟。之后冷却到室温,加入290毫升甲苯并使二氧化碳通过该混合物6小时。所得黄色沉淀溶于400毫升HCl(4M水溶液)中。分离各相,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取3次。用10%的碳酸钠溶液将合并的有机相萃取4次,所得水提物用乙醚洗涤并用HCl(4M)酸化。滤出沉淀,用水洗涤并在高真空下干燥,得到3(18.4克,45%),白色晶体:
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):7.39-7.55(m,2H);8.05(ddd,J=7.9,1.5,0.6,1H);8.49(ddd,J=7.9,1.5,0.6,1H);8.61(s,1H);12.29(s,br,1H).
c)苯并[b]噻吩-3-羧酸氯化物4:
将3(7.50克,42.1毫摩尔)和亚硫酰氯(15.0毫升,206毫摩尔,4.9当量)的混合物回流沸腾4小时。真空除去过量的亚硫酰氯,并将残余物在Kugelrohr中蒸馏(沸点,132℃,0.076毫巴),得到4(7.96克,96%),白色晶体:
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):7.39-7.55(m,2H);7.99(d,J=7.9,1H);8.48(d,J=7.9,1H);8.61(s,1H).
d)苯并[b]噻吩-3-羧酸(1(S)-羟甲基-2-甲基丙基)酰胺5a:
将L-缬氨醇((S)-2-氨基-3-甲基-1-丁醇),4.41克,42.7毫摩尔)和三乙胺(6.63毫升,47.0毫摩尔,1.12当量)在120毫升二氯甲烷中的溶液在氮气下冷却到0℃,在30分钟内滴加4(8.40克,42.7毫摩尔)在120毫升二氯甲烷中的溶液并把反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,所得悬浮液溶于700毫升二氯甲烷中并用500毫升盐酸(1M)萃取。在再萃取水相之后,合并的有机相经硫酸钠干燥,过滤和蒸发浓缩。用二氯甲烷/己烷重结晶得到5a(9.30克,83%),白色晶体:
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):0.91(d,J=7.0,3H);0.93(d,J=7.0,3H);1.92(m,1H);3.45-3.55(m,2H);3.84-3.92(m,1H);4.57(t,J=5.6,1H);7.37-7.48(m,2H);7.94(d,J=9.1,1H);7.99-8.02(m,1H);8.34(s,1H);8.39-8.42(m,1H).
e)苯并[b]噻吩-3-羧酸(1(S)-氯甲基-2-甲基丙基)酰胺6a:
将酸5a(9.30克,35.5毫摩尔)溶于145毫升二氯乙烷中,加入亚硫酰氯(6.33毫升,86.1毫摩尔,2.43当量)并把混合物在70℃下搅拌2小时。冷却到室温之后,向所得溶液中加入150毫升饱和碳酸钠溶液。分离出有机相,水相用160毫升二氯甲烷再萃取两次,合并的有机相经硫酸钠干燥,过滤和蒸发浓缩,得到6a(9.68克,97%),白色晶体:
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):0.94(d,J=6.8,3H);0.98(d,J=6.8,3H);1.86-2.04(m,1H);3.75(dd,J=11.1,7.9,1H);3.85(dd,J=11.1,3.8,1H);4.00-4.10(m,1H);7.38-7.48(m,2H);8.00-8.04(m,1H);8.35(d,J=8.5,1H);8.37-8.41(m,2H).
f)2-苯并[b]噻吩-3-基-4(S)-异丙基-4,5-二氢-噁唑啉7a:
将6a(9.68克,34.4毫摩尔)与氢化钠(1.44克,36.1毫摩尔,1.05当量)在250毫升甲醇中的溶液的混合物在70℃下搅拌2小时,用旋转蒸发器除去溶剂,残余物用300毫升二氯甲烷溶解并用150毫升饱和碳酸氢钠溶液萃取。有机相经硫酸钠干燥,过滤和蒸发浓缩,得到7a(8.48克,100%),黄色油状物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):0.99(d,J=6.7,3H);1.11(d,J=6.7,3H);1.80-1.95(m,1H);4.11(dd,J=15.2,7.6,1H);4.16-4.23(m,1H);4.38(dd,J=9.1,7.4,1H);7.37-7.52(m,2H);7.82-7.90(m,1H);8.07(s,1H);8.79-8.83(m,1H).
实施例2:[(4S)-叔丁基-2-(2-二苯基phosphanyl-苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)]-4,5-二氢噁唑啉8b:
以类似于实施例1的方法制备。从7b(0.72克,2.77毫摩尔)、正丁基锂(1.9毫升,3.05毫摩尔,1.1当量)和氯代二苯基膦(0.51毫升,2.77毫摩尔,1当量)开始,得到的8b(0.64克,52%)为白色晶体:
31P-NMR(124MHz,CDCl3):-12.4;1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):0.81(s,9H);3.90-4.15(m,3H);7.27-7.46(m,12H);7.64-7.69(m,1H);8.56-8.63(m,1H).
原料按如下步骤制备:
a)苯并[b]噻吩-3-羧酸(1(S)-羟甲基-2,2-二甲基丙基)酰胺5b:
以类似于实施例1d)的方法制备。从L-叔亮氨醇((S)-2-氨基-3,3-二甲基-1-丁醇;0.48克,4.07毫摩尔)、三乙胺(0.6毫升,4.47毫摩尔,1.12当量)和化合物4(实施例1c)开始,得到的5b(1.12克,99%)为白色晶体:
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):0.93(s,9H):3.46(ddd,J=15.0,8.8,6.1,1H);3.67(ddd,J=15.0,8.8,5.3,1H);3.90(ddd,J=8.8,8.8,3.5,1H);4.48(t,J=5.7,1H);7.34-7.46(m,2H);7.96(d,J=9.4,1H);7.99-8.02(m,1H);8.34(s,1H);8.35-8.40(m,1H).
b)2-苯并[b]噻吩-3-基-(4S)-叔丁基-4,5-二氢噁唑7b:
以类似于实施例1e)6a的方法制备。从醇5b(1.12克,4.04毫摩尔)和亚硫酰氯(0.7毫升,9.81毫摩尔)开始,直接得到噁唑啉7b(0.80克,70%),无色油状物:
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):1.02(s,9H);4.11-4.23(m,2H);4.26-4.35(m,1H);7.37-7.52(m,2H);7.87(d,J=8.2,1H);8.08(s,1H);8.79(d,J=7.9,1H).
实施例3:2-(2-二苯基phosphanyl-苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)-(4S)-苯基-4,5-二氢噁唑啉8c:
以类似于实施例1或2的方法制备。从7c(1.00克,3.36毫摩尔)、正丁基锂(2.3毫升,3.70毫摩尔,1.1当量)和氯代二苯基膦(0.62毫升,3.36毫摩尔,1当量)开始,得到的8c(1.22克,78%)为白色晶体:
31P-NMR(124MHz,CDCl3):-12.4;1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):3.96(dd,J=8.3,8.3,1H);4.56(dd,J=10.3,8.3,1H);5.34(dd,J=10.3,8.8,1H);7.04-7.09(m,2H);7.22-7.52(m,15H);7.68-7.72(m,1H);8.60-8.66(m,1H).
原料按如下步骤制备:
a)苯并[b]噻吩-3-羧酸(1(S)-羟甲基-1-苯基乙基)酰胺5c:
以类似于实施例1d)的方法制备。从L-α-苯基甘氨醇((S)-2-氨基-苯基-乙醇;0.70克,5.09毫摩尔)、三乙胺(0.8毫升,5.60毫摩尔,1.12当量)和4c(1.00克,5.09毫摩尔)开始,得到的5c(1.52克,100%)为白色晶体:
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):3.61-3.79(m,2H);4.97(t,J=5.9,1H);5.04-5.18(m,1H);7.20-7.48(m,7H);7.99-8.02(m,1H);8.32-8.40(m,1H);8.48(s,1H);8.76(d,J=7.9,1H).
b)2-苯并[b]噻吩-3-基-(4S)-苯基-4,5-二氢噁唑7c:
以类似于实施例1e)的方法制备。从醇5c(1.51克,5.09毫摩尔)和亚硫酰氯(0.9毫升,12.4毫摩尔)开始,直接得到噁唑啉7c(1.35克,84%),白色晶体:
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):4.24(dd,J=8.1,8.1,1H);4.77(dd,J=8.21,10.0,1H);5.51(dd,J=10.0,8.2,1H);7.30-7.53(m,7H);7.85-7.92(m,1H);8.22(s,1H);8.87-8.92(m,1H).
用于实施例4-6的反应流程:
实施例4:2-二苯基phosphanyl-1-甲基-3-[(4S)-甲基-4,5-二氢-噁唑-2-基]-1H-吲哚13a:
将N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺(56微升,0.37毫摩尔)加入到12a(30毫克,0.12毫摩尔)的THF(1毫升)溶液中。该溶液冷却到-78℃,然后滴加叔丁基锂(1.5M的戊烷溶液,0.25毫升,0.37毫摩尔)。在-78℃搅拌2小时,然后加入氯代二苯基膦(70微升,0.37毫摩尔)。之后在6小时内把反应混合物慢慢加热到室温,通过加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液猝灭反应。用乙酸乙酯萃取产物。合并的有机相经硫酸钠干燥并使用旋转蒸发器浓缩。粗产物通过柱色谱(SiO2,乙醚)纯化,得到化合物13a(14毫克,30%),油状物:
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):0.83(d,J=6.6,3H);0.95(d,J=6.6,3H);1.58(sept,J=6.6,1H);3.15-3.45(m,3H);4.00(s,3H);7.20-8.00(m,14H).
原料化合物的制备如下:
a)1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-甲醛10:
将氢化钠(1.8克60%的矿物油悬浮液,44.9毫摩尔)慢慢加入到9(吲哚-3-甲醛;4.0克,27.5毫摩尔)的THF溶液中。反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,然后加入甲基碘(3.34毫升,55.1毫摩尔)。反应混合物在室温下再搅拌8小时,然后通过加入水(20毫升)猝灭反应。之后用乙酸乙酯进行萃取。对合并的有机相进行干燥(硫酸钠),并使用旋转蒸发器除去溶剂,得到N-甲基化的醛10(4.3克,98%),黄色固体:
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):3.87(s,3H);7.27-7.37(m,2H);7.67(s,1H);8.3(m,1H);9.98(s,1H).
b)1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-腈11:
将NH2OH·HCl(3.8克,55毫摩尔)和吡啶(11.1毫升,137毫摩尔)加入到10(4.3克,27.5毫摩尔)的乙醇(15毫升)溶液中并把混合物在回流下搅拌3小时。在冷却到室温后,通过加入盐酸(1M)猝灭反应。蒸发溶剂,残余物用乙酸乙酯(3 x 10毫升)萃取。合并的有机相用HCl(1M)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥并使用旋转蒸发器浓缩。通过加入乙醇和环己烷使残余物结晶。滤出得到的肟,用环己烷洗涤,干燥,然后溶于乙酸酐(10毫升)中。反应混合物在80℃下在敞开的反应器中搅拌48小时,然后在乙酸乙酯(40毫升)和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液之间分配。分离有机相,用乙酸乙酯对水相进行再萃取。合并的有机相经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发浓缩,得到11(4.2克,98%),深紫色油状物:
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):3.80(s,3H);7.27-7.37(m,2H);7.67(s,1H);7.27-7.41(m,3H);7.58(s,1H);7.68-7.72(m,1H).
c)1-甲基-3-[(4S)-甲基-4,5-二氢噁唑-2-基]-1H-吲哚12a:
把二氯化锌(ZnCl2)(0.39毫克,2.88毫摩尔)在高真空下在反应器中熔融,然后在氩气保护下冷却。之后,把L-缬氨醇(0.3克,3.16毫摩尔),11(0.45克,2.88毫摩尔)和氯苯(10毫升)加入到所得固体中。混合物回流沸腾58小时,在冷却到室温后,混合物用二氯甲烷稀释,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液。混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,然后过滤。分离出有机相,经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发浓缩。所得粗产物通过柱色谱(SiO2,乙醚)纯化,得到12a(0.35克,50%),油状物:
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):0.95(d,J=6.6,3H);1.06(d,J=6.6,3H);1.8(sept,J=6.6,1H);3.81(s,3H);4.03-4.16(m,2H);4.30-4.40(m,1H);7.21-7.34(m,3H);7.68(s,1H);8.23-8.27(m,1H).
实施例5:2-二苯基phosphanyl-1-甲基-3-[(4S)-叔丁基-4,5-二氢噁唑-2-基]-1H-吲哚13b:
该化合物的制备类似于实施例4,从化合物12b开始,而化合物12b的制备则类似于实施例5c)中的化合物12a。
实施例6:2-二苯基phosphanyl-1-甲基-3-[(4S)-苯基-4,5-二氢-噁唑-2-基]-1H-吲哚13c:
该化合物的制备类似于实施例4,从化合物12c开始,而化合物12c的制备则类似于实施例5c)中的化合物12a。
实施例7:金属络合物的制备及在转移催化中的用途
在以下所述配体的存在下(Ph=苯基)进行以下转移加氢:
通用的催化方法:
在氩气保护下,将0.010毫摩尔[RuCl2(PPh3)3]和0.013毫摩尔7在回流(82℃)下溶于5毫升干燥、脱气的异丙醇中。所得溶液回流沸腾30分钟。然后加入苯乙酮(10毫摩尔)在3毫升干燥、脱气的异丙醇中形成的溶液并搅拌15分钟。通过加入10毫克(0.25毫摩尔)NaOH在2毫升异丙醇中的溶液开始反应。30分钟之后,中断反应,蒸发一半溶剂,残余物通过柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯9:1,v/v)纯化。
用7a,7b和7c作为催化剂的结果:
催化剂 | 用于实施例1-3反应流程中的R | 转化率(%) | %ee | |
a) | [RuCl<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]+7a | 异丙基 | 47 | 89(R) |
b) | [RuCl<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]+7b | 叔丁基 | 27 | 81(R) |
c) | [RuCl<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]+7c | 苯基 | 24 | 70(R) |
"ee"(对映异构过量)是根据下式计算的:
ee=100(XR-XS)/(XR+XS),其中,XR>XS,
其中XR和XS分别是产物R-形式和S-形式的摩尔量。
Claims (30)
1.式I的化合物:
其中:
X是氧,硫或NQ,其中Q是未取代的或取代的芳基,或者是烷基或取代的烷基;
n是0;
A1和A2各自为未取代的或取代的烷基,或未取代的或取代的芳基;
Y,Y′,Y"和Y"′各自彼此独立地为氢或烷基,取代的烷基,或未取代的或取代的芳基,Y,Y’,Y”或Y”’中至少有一个是上述基团中除氢之外的一个基团;
Z由于n=0而不存在;
其中
所述取代的烷基被1-3个选自以下的基团所取代:苯基;环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基;卤素;羟基;C1-C7烷氧基;苯基-C1-C7烷氧基;C1-C7烷酰氧基;氨基;N-C1-C7烷基-或N,N-二-C1-C7烷基氨基;N-苯基-C1-C7烷基-或N,N-二(苯基-C1-C7烷基)-氨基;羧基;C1-C7烷氧羰基;苯基-C1-C7烷氧羰基;氰基;氨基甲酰基;胍基;脒基;和氨磺酰基;所述取代的芳基被最高达3个选自以下的基团所取代:硝基;C1-C7烷基;苯基;环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基;卤素;羟基;C1-C7烷氧基;苯基-C1-C7烷氧基;C1-C7烷酰氧基;氨基;N-C1-C7烷基-或N,N-二-C1-C7烷基氨基;N-苯基-C1-C7烷基-或N,N-二(苯基-C1-C7烷基)-氨基;羧基;C1-C7烷氧羰基;苯基-C1-C7烷氧羰基;氰基;氨基甲酰基;胍基;脒基;和氨磺酰基。
3.根据权利要求1式I的化合物,其中:
X是氧、硫或NQ,其中Q是烷基;
n是0;
A1和A2均为未取代的或取代的芳基;和
Y,Y′,Y"和Y"′各自彼此独立地为氢、烷基或未取代的或取代的芳基,Y,Y′,Y"或Y"′中至少有一个基团具有上述意义中除氢之外的一种意义。
4.根据权利要求2的式IA和/或式IB的化合物,其中:
X是硫或NQ,其中Q是C1-C7烷基;
n是0;
A1和A2均为苯基;
m是0;和
Y为C1-C7烷基,或苯基。
5.根据权利要求4的式IA和/或式IB的化合物,其中Q是甲基。
6.根据权利要求4的式IA和/或式IB的化合物,其中Y为异丙基或叔丁基。
7.根据权利要求2和4-6中任一项的式IA或式IB的纯异构体。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的式I的化合物,选自:
2-(2-二苯基phosphanyl-苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)-(4S)-异丙基-4,5-二氢噁唑啉;
[(4S)-叔丁基-2-(2-二苯基phosphanyl-苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)]-4,5-二氢噁唑啉;
2-(2-二苯基phosphanyl-苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)-(4S)-苯基-4,5-二氢噁唑啉;
2-二苯基phosphanyl-1-甲基-3-[(4S)-甲基-4,5-二氢-噁唑-2-基]-1H-吲哚;
2-二苯基phosphanyl-1-甲基-3-[(4S)-叔丁基-4,5-二氢-噁唑-2-基]-1H-吲哚和
2-二苯基phosphanyl-1-甲基-3-[(4S)-苯基-4,5-二氢-噁唑-2-基]-1H-吲哚。
9.过渡金属的络合物,其包括权利要求1-7中任一项的式I化合物作为配体。
10.根据权利要求9的过渡金属的络合物,其中所述过渡金属是铑、钌、钯、铂、铱、钴或镍。
11.一种制备权利要求9或10的络合物的方法,其中使权利要求1-6中任一项所述的式I的一种或多种的化合物,所述化合物作为配体,在有机溶剂中,在惰性气体气氛中,在大气压和在0℃-所得混合物沸点的温度下与过渡金属的络合物或过渡金属离子的溶液反应。
12.根据权利要求9或10的络合物作为催化剂用于有机合成中的用途。
13.根据权利要求12的用途,其中所述有机合成是不对称催化反应。
14.根据权利要求13的用途,其中所述不对称催化反应是不对称烯丙基烷基化反应。
16.一种化合物,选自:
2-苯并[b]噻吩-3-基-4(S)-异丙基-4,5-二氢-噁唑啉;
2-苯并[b]噻吩-3-基-4(S)-叔丁基-4,5-二氢-噁唑;
2-苯并[b]噻吩-3-基-4(S)-苯基-4,5-二氢-噁唑;
1-甲基-3-[(4S)-甲基-4,5-二氢-噁唑-2-基]-1H-吲哚;
1-甲基-3-[(4S)-叔丁基-4,5-二氢-噁唑-2-基]-1H-吲哚;和
1-甲基-3-[(4S)-苯基-4,5-二氢-噁唑-2-基]-1H-吲哚。
17.根据权利要求9或10的络合物作为催化剂用于加氢中的用途。
18.根据权利要求9或10的络合物作为催化剂用于转移加氢中的用途。
19.根据权利要求9或10的络合物作为催化剂用于氢化硅烷化中的用途。
20.根据权利要求9或10的络合物作为催化剂用于硼氢化中的用途。
21.根据权利要求9或10的络合物作为催化剂用于加氢甲酰化中的用途。
22.根据权利要求9或10的络合物作为催化剂用于加氢胺化中的用途。
23.根据权利要求9或10的络合物作为催化剂用于Diels-Alder反应中的用途。
24.根据权利要求9或10的络合物作为催化剂用于格氏偶联反应中的用途。
25.根据权利要求9或10的络合物作为催化剂用于Heck反应中的用途。
26.根据权利要求9或10的络合物作为催化剂用于共轭-加成反应中的用途。
27.根据权利要求9或10的络合物作为催化剂用于共聚中的用途。
28.根据权利要求9或10的络合物作为催化剂用于三聚中的用途。
29.根据权利要求9或10的络合物作为催化剂用于催化胺化中的用途。
30.根据权利要求9或10的络合物作为催化剂用于交联中的用途。
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EP (1) | EP1419165A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4244187B2 (zh) |
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US9721070B2 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2017-08-01 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Selective oligomerization catalysts and methods of identifying same |
CN108774216A (zh) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-11-09 | 尚谷科技(天津)有限公司 | 一种单齿配位噁唑啉配体及其制备方法和应用 |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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Synthesis of azoles and diazoles.... KELAREV ET AL.IVUKAR,Vol.36 No.3. 1993 |
Synthesis of azoles and diazoles.... KELAREV ET AL.IVUKAR,Vol.36 No.3. 1993 * |
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ITMI20011758A0 (it) | 2001-08-09 |
EP1419165A1 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
JP4244187B2 (ja) | 2009-03-25 |
WO2003014133A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
ITMI20011758A1 (it) | 2003-02-10 |
US7081536B2 (en) | 2006-07-25 |
JP2004537603A (ja) | 2004-12-16 |
US20040171841A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
CN1549818A (zh) | 2004-11-24 |
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