CN100506238C - Composition of bitter melon polysaccharide for reducing blood sugar, and preparation method - Google Patents
Composition of bitter melon polysaccharide for reducing blood sugar, and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100506238C CN100506238C CNB200610039751XA CN200610039751A CN100506238C CN 100506238 C CN100506238 C CN 100506238C CN B200610039751X A CNB200610039751X A CN B200610039751XA CN 200610039751 A CN200610039751 A CN 200610039751A CN 100506238 C CN100506238 C CN 100506238C
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Abstract
A hypoglycemic momordic polyose composition suitable for the diabetics is prepared from balsam pear through refluxing in organic solvent, extracting by water or alkali, and depositing in alcohol.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fruit of cucurbitaceous plant Fructus Momordicae charantiae (Momordica Charantia L.) that utilizes and extract preparation method effectively fully, refer in particular to a kind of composition of bitter melon polysaccharide for reducing blood sugar and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Fructus Momordicae charantiae is that a kind of mankind have the edible historical vegetable of long-term safety.People have found many compositions with hypoglycemic activity in the fruit of Fructus Momordicae charantiae, the extract of some Fructus Momordicae charantiaes, perhaps directly with the tea beverage of making after the Fructus Momordicae charantiae drying, recommended diabetes patient, some Fructus Momordicae charantiae composition has been applied the patent as the treatment diabetes medicament.But, from scientific and technical literature, introduce and existing patent or product, mainly be based on understanding to polypeptide class in the Fructus Momordicae charantiae and Saponin constituents, also have some to have hypoglycemic active component-in the Fructus Momordicae charantiae as bitter melon polysaccharide.So, existing document, patent or product, its limitation also is tangible.
United States Patent (USP) (US6831162B2) and Chinese patent (CN99809134.0), protein/polypeptide-K that from Fructus Momordicae charantiae, obtains and extracting process thereof.A kind of efficient blood sugar lowing polypeptide-k is provided, and it extracts from Fructus Momordicae charantiae.The polypeptide preparation method that patent application person introduces is: handle Fructus Momordicae charantiae seed (or fruit) with non-polar solven, remove unwanted oils and fats, flavonoid and Saponin, use the protein in moisture 80% the acetone extraction residue then, optionally Crystallization Separation goes out polypeptide-K at last.The applicant describes, and polypeptide-K has significant hypoglycemic activity.
United States Patent (USP) (US 6391854B1) and Chinese patent (CN 98805001), the Orally active composition-bioactive peptide in the Fructus Momordicae charantiae, and the purposes of their treatment diabetes;＜applicant〉U.S. Calyx Therapeutics Inc.Provide a kind of water solubility extract of Fructus Momordicae charantiae to be called MC6, it contains three kinds of peptides in the feature of MC6, and the feature of its preparation method is: the Succus Momordicae charantiae of centrifugal clarification passes through 30kDal, the ultrafilter membrane of 10kDal and 3kDal successively.The peptide components that also has MC6 that provides simultaneously is called MC6.1, and the derivant of MC6.1 and analogies.MC6.1, MC6.2, MC6.3 have hypoglycemic activity, and wherein preferred oral gives these active medicines.
Existing studies show that, outside the isolating protein, Saponin also is a kind of very effectively composition of hypoglycemic activity in the Fructus Momordicae charantiae.Lotlikar (Lotlikar M M., discovery such as 1966), neutral compound foetidin (charantin) in the Fructus Momordicae charantiae remarkable blood sugar lowering level in zoopery, its model of action is similar to tolbutamide, and its hypoglycemic activity is better than 1-butyl-3-tolylsulfonylurea.
The balsam pear hypoglycemic active component not merely is Saponin and the protein that oneself knows.From the water cooking liquid of fresh Fructus Momordicae charantiae, isolated the composition that dissolves in ether and be insoluble to two the unknowns of ether, be not Saponin, flavone and alkaloid through identifying, these two kinds of compositions all show obvious functions of blood sugar activity (Wang Yongqing: balsam pear hypoglycemic effect research, Hunan Chinese medicine magazine, 1998, (6): 51-52).Akhtar (M S Akhtar, 1981) is by observing the blood sugar reducing function of Fructus Momordicae charantiae extract opposed polarity position to normal and alloxan induction type rabbit, and the sugar-lowering components of inferring Fructus Momordicae charantiae may comprise the material of two types of alkaloid and para-insulins.
By the above-mentioned fact as can be known, the function of blood sugar reduction active component of Fructus Momordicae charantiae has knownly, also has unknown.At present, sugar-lowering components that it is generally acknowledged Fructus Momordicae charantiae comprises: polypeptides matter has para-insulin polypeptide etc.; Triterpene substance such as Charantin; Steroidal class material has foetidin; Also has a small amount of alkaloids substance.
In sum, the Fructus Momordicae charantiae effective ingredient of document and patent disclosure is based on bitter gourd polypeptide and momordica saponins basically, or Fructus Momordicae charantiae certain solvent under heating condition is (as water, ethanol or its mixture) total extract, the blood-sugar decreasing active that they are in addition not mentioned is as bitter melon polysaccharide.
Contain abundant polysaccharose substance in the Fructus Momordicae charantiae, and both at home and abroad about the research of bitter melon polysaccharide seldom.Therefore, bitter melon polysaccharide is developed and utilized, be not only the only way of the highly active balsam pear hypoglycemic goods of exploitation, and also be very necessary for fully and reasonably utilizing the Fructus Momordicae charantiae resource.
Summary of the invention.
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of technology of preparing of utilizing the fruit extraction bitter melon polysaccharide of Fructus Momordicae charantiae, makes to comprise the polysaccharide composition of molecular weight between 15 000～1,000 000 dalton.Said composition has the function of blood sugar regulation, and especially wherein molecular weight has very strong hypoglycemic activity greater than 100 000 daltonian polysaccharide components.Its hypoglycemic mechanism mainly is to recover impaired islet tissue by the help diabetics, and stimulates islet cells to increase secretion of insulin, promotes anabolism, suppresses catabolism, thus the blood glucose value of reduction diabetics.It is the healthy goods raw material of a kind of blood sugar lowering safely and effectively.
Another object of the present invention is to provide above-mentioned bitter melon polysaccharide preparation of compositions method.
A kind of bitter melon polysaccharide compositions provided by the invention is characterized in that polysaccharide compound molecular weight in the said composition between 15 000～1,000 000 dalton, and its mass percent is 60～90%.Said composition has the function of blood sugar regulation.
Bitter melon polysaccharide among the present invention is that Fructus Momordicae charantiae refluxes through organic solvent, carries out successively that water is carried and/or alkali is carried, precipitate with ethanol obtains.The present invention with the goods of a plurality of bitter melon polysaccharides directly or after adding appropriate amount of auxiliary materials fill become capsule, or make tablet, granule, buccal tablet, pill etc., selected adjuvant comprises the dry thing of the sarcocarp in small, broken bits that centrifugation obtains, or meets food, the medicine adjuvant of country and international standard.
Bitter melon polysaccharide compositions of the present invention prepares by following step;
(1) Fructus Momordicae charantiae is soaked in water flush away impurity removes flesh, thinly slices, and vacuum drying is pulverized;
(2) step (1) gained Fructus Momordicae charantiae powder is soaked with organic solvent, remove the liposoluble part, cross the leaching slag then and abandon liquid;
(3) step (2) gained filtering residue vacuum drying is removed organic solvent, the Fructus Momordicae charantiae powder blister of gained repeats three to five times, filters, gets liquid;
(4) filtrate of step (3) gained is concentrated, add organic solvent deposit, cross the leaching slag then and abandon liquid;
(5) filtering residue with step (2) or (4) gained extracts, crosses leaching liquid waste with the low temperature dilute alkaline aqueous solution;
(6) filtrate of step (5) gained is concentrated, add organic solvent deposit, cross the leaching slag then and abandon liquid;
(7) with the oven dry of step (4) gained precipitation, pulverizing, promptly get water of the present invention and put forward the bitter melon polysaccharide compositions; With the oven dry of step (6) gained precipitation, pulverizing, promptly get alkali of the present invention and put forward the bitter melon polysaccharide compositions.
Bitter melon polysaccharide compositions of the present invention also can be further purified according to following method, selects to remove albumen as requested, sloughs non-sugared Organic substance and inorganic salt, processing method such as high performance liquid chromatography separation, obtains the bitter melon polysaccharide component of different molecular weight.
(8) with the gains of above-mentioned steps (4) or (6), use dissolved in distilled water, methods such as employing trichloroacetic acid remove albumen;
(9) with the solution of step (8) gained, slough non-sugared Organic substance and inorganic salt with methods such as ionodialysises;
(10) with the solution of step (9) gained, adopt organic solvent branch precipitation, separate with high performance liquid chromatography, vacuum drying can obtain the bitter melon polysaccharide component of molecular weight between 15 000～1,000 000 dalton.
Used organic solvent is ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, butanols or dimethyl sulfoxine etc. in the step of the present invention (2).Used organic solvent is ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or butanols etc. in step (3), (4) and (6).Method for removing protein has trichloroacetic acid method, trifluorotrichloroethane method, enzyme process or Sevag method etc. in the step (8).The method of sloughing non-sugared Organic substance and inorganic salt in the step (9) is ion exchange resin, macroporous resin or ionodialysis method, used cation exchange resin is 724 type cation exchange resiies or 732 type cation exchange resiies, and anion exchange resin is 701 type anion exchange resin.
Bitter melon polysaccharide molecular weight of the present invention solid-stately is light yellow between 15 000～1,000 000 dalton.
The compositions that contains a plurality of bitter melon polysaccharide components of the present invention has the obvious functions of blood sugar activity, can be directly or add appropriate amount of auxiliary materials as required, and fill becomes capsule, or makes tablet, granule, buccal tablet, pill etc., for diabetic to take.Selected adjuvant is the dry thing of the sarcocarp in small, broken bits that obtained of above-mentioned preparation method centrifugation and food or the medicine adjuvant that adopts existing national standard, the international standards organization standard generalized markup.
The present invention has that raw material sources are extensive, and preparation technology is easy, the yield advantages of higher.Do not need to meet the large-scale production requirement through complicated loaded down with trivial details leaching process, cost of manufacture is low, implements easily.This preparation method is scientific and reasonable, has fully kept the active component in the Fructus Momordicae charantiae, does not lose the physiologically active of Fructus Momordicae charantiae under the made buccal tablet room temperature, easily absorbed by human body, but insulin in the human activin reaches the purpose of regulating blood sugar for human body.
Bitter melon polysaccharide compositions of the present invention, hypoglycemic activity thing content height, the little and hypoglycemic activity of using dosage is outstanding, and processing characteristics is stable, is beneficial to popularization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process chart of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further elaborated:
First's bitter melon polysaccharide prepares example
Embodiment 1
Get 2 kilograms of Fructus Momordicae charantiaes, remove capsule, thinly slice, put and carry out dehydrate in people's vacuum drying oven, dry the temperature inside the box is controlled at below 60 ℃.Dry Fructus Momordicae charantiae is crossed 40 mesh sieves after crushed, gets Fructus Momordicae charantiae powder.Get the 500g Fructus Momordicae charantiae powder, use 60 ℃ of reflux, extract, of 1500ml 95% ethanol 2 times, each 6h.Filtrate is reclaimed ethanol through distillation, is used for polysaccharide after residue is air-dry and extracts.Accurately take by weighing through pretreated Fructus Momordicae charantiae powder 100g, add the 2000ml distilled water, 80 ℃, 2h stir extraction, repeat 3 times, and merge extractive liquid, obtains Fructus Momordicae charantiae water and carries polysaccharide.The extracting solution vacuum filtration is removed residue, gets clear liquor.Again with clear liquor in 50 ℃ of vacuum concentration, 1/5th, 95% ethanol precipitation of simmer down to original volume.Vacuum drying obtains that the present invention is light yellow, powdery Fructus Momordicae charantiae water is carried polysaccharide composition 98g.Wherein polyoses content is 63%.
Embodiment 2
Get the residue after embodiment 1 Fructus Momordicae charantiae water is carried polysaccharide, with 1000ml 5%NaOH solution, 4 ℃ are stirred extraction 10h, obtain Fructus Momordicae charantiae alkali-extracted polysaccharide liquid.The extracting solution vacuum filtration is removed residue, gets clear liquor.Again with clear liquor in 50 ℃ of vacuum concentration, 1/5th, 95% ethanol precipitation of simmer down to original volume.Vacuum drying obtains that the present invention is light yellow, the powdery momordicine is carried polysaccharide composition 104g.Wherein polyoses content is 68%.
Embodiment 3
Get 2 kilograms of cucurbitaceous plant Fructus Momordicae charantiaes, remove capsule, soak with the 6L isopropyl alcohol and filtered in 1 hour, get the air-dry pulverizing of slag after, stir extraction 10h with 4 ℃ of 20 times of volume 5%NaOH.Cross leaching liquid, 50 ℃ of following concentrating under reduced pressure, non-sugared Organic substance and inorganic salt are removed in reuse 701 anion exchange resin and the exchange of 724 cation exchange resiies, and the gained ion exchange liquid adds ammonia and is neutralized to neutrality, adds ethanol precipitation and goes out polysaccharide.Taking precipitate is used absolute ethanol washing precipitate three times.80 ℃ of following vacuum dryings are pulverized the oven dry thing and are promptly got the light yellow bitter melon polysaccharide compositions of the present invention 195g.Wherein polyoses content is 78%.
Embodiment 4
Get the bitter melon polysaccharide compositions 100g of embodiment 3, use dissolved in distilled water, adopt trichloroacetic acid to remove albumen.The solution of gained, reuse ionodialysis method is sloughed non-sugared Organic substance and inorganic salt, and 60 ℃ of following vacuum dryings obtain the polysaccharide composition 67g of molecular weight between 15 000～1,000 000 dalton.Wherein polyoses content is 84%.
Embodiment 5
Get the bitter melon polysaccharide compositions 10g of embodiment 4, use dissolved in distilled water, adopt the ethanol precipitation of 30%, 50% and 80% concentration respectively, 60 ℃ of following vacuum dryings, the corresponding polysaccharide component that obtains the different section molecular weight of 3.2g, 4.7g (from high to low) with 2.1g.Polyoses content is respectively 84%, 90% and 86%.
Embodiment 6
Get the bitter melon polysaccharide compositions 1g of 50% ethanol precipitation of embodiment 5, use dissolved in distilled water, separate through high performance liquid chromatography.60 ℃ of following vacuum dryings obtain not homopolysaccharide homogeneous component 0.032g 0.069g, 0.442g and 0.213g respectively.Their molecular weight is between 50 000～300 000 dalton.
Embodiment 7
With embodiment 3 bitter melon polysaccharide compositionss and mannitol or lactose, in 1: 2 ratio, behind the mix homogeneously, be pressed into granule, behind granulate, be sub-packed in water vapor proof barrier packaging material, former plastics, aluminium foil etc., make the bitter gourd sugar-reducing electuary.Eat 1～5g every day, may command or blood sugar lowering value.
The test of second portion blood sugar decreasing effect
Bitter melon polysaccharide provided by the invention proves to have good hypoglycemic activity through zoopery.Test report is as follows:
1. test method
Set up streptozotocin (STZ) and alloxan solution (ALX) diabetic mice, the mice of modeling success is divided into 5 groups at random by body weight and blood glucose value.Grouping and administration are as follows: hyperglycemia model matched group, glibenclamide sheet group, MCW400 group, MCB200,400 groups.The hyperglycemia model matched group is irritated stomach with distilled water 0.4ml, and the glyburide group is irritated stomach with 25mg/kg dosage, and MCW irritates stomach with 400mg/kg dosage, and MCB irritates stomach with 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg dosage respectively.Each group was all irritated stomach 7 days, once a day, and fasting 3h docking measuring blood sugar of blood extracting value after the last administration.
2. test result
Fructus Momordicae charantiae water is carried polysaccharide (MCW) and Fructus Momordicae charantiae alkali-extracted polysaccharide (MCB) all has significant hypoglycemic effect to the inductive diabetic mice of STZ among the present invention.The Fructus Momordicae charantiae alkali-extracted polysaccharide can significantly reduce the blood glucose value of STZ diabetic mice and the content of fructosamine among the present invention, can also improve the glucose tolerance of diabetic mice and the content of hepatic glycogen.The present invention adopts ethanol precipitation to obtain the Fructus Momordicae charantiae alkali-extracted polysaccharide of different molecular weight ranges, and inducing diabetic mice with ALX is model, and the polysaccharide component hypoglycemic activity of molecular weight maximum is the strongest.
Table 1. bitter melon polysaccharide is to the influence of STZ diabetic mice body weight and blood glucose.
During the administration in a week, normal blank group mice well-grown, body weight continues to increase, the body weight of hyperglycemia mice then obviously descends, and MCB and MCW can both delay losing weight of diabetic mice, from the administration cross-reference, MCB200,400 groups of blood glucose values reduce has significant difference.
Table 2.MCB is to the influence of STZ diabetic mice glucose tolerance.
The MCB of 400mg/kg dosage can suppress the rising of hyperglycemia mouse blood sugar peak value, reduces area under the blood glucose curve.
Table 3MCB is to the influence of STZ diabetic mice hepatic glycogen and fructosamine.
MCB can significantly increase the hepatic glycogen content and the fructosamine content of diabetic mice,
Table 4 different molecular weight bitter melon polysaccharide is to the influence of ALX blood glucose in diabetic mice.
Keep stable before and after the blood glucose of normal blank group mice, by the inductive diabetic mice of ALX, its blood glucose value also continues to remain on stable hyperglycemia state at experimental session.Irritate the MCB of stomach different molecular weight ranges respectively to diabetic mice, find that the hypoglycemic effect of MCB-A component is best.
The extraction process flow process of Fig. 1 bitter melon polysaccharide
Table 1 bitter melon polysaccharide is to the influence of STZ diabetic mice body weight and blood glucose
Annotate: compare on the same group:
*P＜0.05,
*P＜0.01; Compare with D.M. blank group,
#P＜0.05,
##P＜0.01.
Table 2 MCB is to the influence of STZ diabetic mice glucose tolerance
Annotate: compare with D.M. blank group,
#P＜0.05,
##P＜0.01.
Table 3 MCB is to the influence of STZ diabetic mice hepatic glycogen and fructosamine
Annotate: compare with D.M. blank group,
##P＜0.01.
Table 4 different molecular weight Fructus Momordicae charantiae alkali-extracted polysaccharide is induced the influence of blood glucose in diabetic mice to ALX
Annotate: compare on the same group:
*P＜0.05,
*P＜0.01; Compare with D.M. blank group,
#P＜0.05,
##P＜0.01.
Claims (3)
1. composition of bitter melon polysaccharide for reducing blood sugar is characterized in that polysaccharide compound molecular weight in the said composition between 15000～1000000 dalton, and its mass percent is 60%～90%.
2. the preparation method of a composition of bitter melon polysaccharide for reducing blood sugar is characterized in that preparing by following step:
(1) Fructus Momordicae charantiae is soaked in water flush away impurity removes flesh, thinly slices, and vacuum drying is pulverized;
(2) step (1) gained Fructus Momordicae charantiae powder is soaked with organic solvent, remove the liposoluble part, cross the leaching slag then and abandon liquid;
(3) step (2) gained filtering residue vacuum drying is removed organic solvent, the Fructus Momordicae charantiae powder blister of gained repeats three to five times, filters, gets liquid;
(4) filtrate of step (3) gained is concentrated, add organic solvent deposit, cross the leaching slag then and abandon liquid;
(5) filtering residue with step (2) or (4) gained extracts, crosses leaching liquid waste with the low temperature dilute alkaline aqueous solution;
(6) filtrate of step (5) gained is concentrated, add organic solvent deposit, cross the leaching slag then and abandon liquid;
(7) with the oven dry of step (4) gained precipitation, pulverizing, promptly get water of the present invention and put forward the bitter melon polysaccharide compositions; With the oven dry of step (6) gained precipitation, pulverizing, promptly get alkali of the present invention and put forward the bitter melon polysaccharide compositions;
Wherein the used organic solvent of step (2) is ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, butanols or dimethyl sulfoxine; Used organic solvent is ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or butanols in step (4) and (6).
3. the preparation method of a kind of composition of bitter melon polysaccharide for reducing blood sugar according to claim 2, it is characterized in that bitter melon polysaccharide compositions of the present invention is further purified according to following method, take to remove albumen, slough non-sugared Organic substance and inorganic salt, the isolating processing method of high performance liquid chromatography, obtain the bitter melon polysaccharide component of different molecular weight:
(8) with the gains of above-mentioned steps (4) or (6), use dissolved in distilled water, methods such as employing trichloroacetic acid remove albumen;
(9) with the solution of step (8) gained, slough non-sugared Organic substance and inorganic salt with the ionodialysis method;
(10) with the solution of step (9) gained, adopt ethanol branch precipitation, separate with high performance liquid chromatography, vacuum drying can obtain the bitter melon polysaccharide component of molecular weight between 15000～1000000 dalton; Wherein method for removing protein is taked trichloroacetic acid method, trifluorotrichloroethane method, enzyme process or Sevag method; The method of sloughing non-sugared Organic substance and inorganic salt in the step (9) is ion exchange resin, macroporous resin or ionodialysis method, used cation exchange resin is 724 type cation exchange resiies or 732 type cation exchange resiies, and anion exchange resin is 701 type anion exchange resin.
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| ES2621355T3 (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2017-07-03 | Piramal Enterprises Limited | Procedure for the preparation of an extract of Momordica Charantia |
| CN105963567B (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2019-08-30 | 大连海洋大学 | The drug and preparation method for treating diabetes |
| CN107308215A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-11-03 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of plant-derived hypoglycemic medicine |
| CN107970218A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-01 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | A kind of preparation method of banana flowers polysaccharide hypoglycemic lozenge |
| CN108936662B (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2022-06-14 | 广州汝丽多食品科技有限公司 | Preparation method of bitter gourd health food for assisting in reducing blood sugar |
| CN110419663A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-08 | 大冶康之堂农业发展有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and application of dendrobium candidum and bitter melon polysaccharide bean jelly |
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
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| 苦瓜及其复方制剂降糖作用的研究进展. 刘宝山，庞宗然，刘晓刚，贾春华.河北医学，第8卷第2期. 2002 |
| 苦瓜及其复方制剂降糖作用的研究进展. 刘宝山，庞宗然，刘晓刚，贾春华.河北医学，第8卷第2期. 2002 * |
| 苦瓜的降血糖作用及活性成分的研究. 侣丽红，赵余庆.中药材，第25卷第6期. 2002 |
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