CN100501368C - Apparatus for testing transformation temperature between toughness and brittleness, rupture toughness at different temperature and rigidity - Google Patents
Apparatus for testing transformation temperature between toughness and brittleness, rupture toughness at different temperature and rigidity Download PDFInfo
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- CN100501368C CN100501368C CNB2006101142077A CN200610114207A CN100501368C CN 100501368 C CN100501368 C CN 100501368C CN B2006101142077 A CNB2006101142077 A CN B2006101142077A CN 200610114207 A CN200610114207 A CN 200610114207A CN 100501368 C CN100501368 C CN 100501368C
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Abstract
This invention relates to pint test flexibility conversion temperature and hardness test device in materials property test technique field, which comprises upper cover cylinder, down cylinder, pressure head, insulation ceramics, fix board, electrode, test case, observe window and pressure disc, pressure ball, protective gas input and output system, temperature collection and control system and test mobile system. This invention has advantages of matching with Rockwell hardness meter, materials test machine.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of performance test of material, be specifically related to the device of fracture toughness and hardness under a kind of indentation method test ductile-brittle transition temperature, the different temperatures.
Technical background
Many hard brittle materials and alloy thereof are (as molybdenum, tungsten) has high strength, high density, high-melting-point, low-vapor pressure, low thermal coefficient of expansion and good heat conduction and electric conductivity etc., make these materials in machining, welding, forging and pressing, thermal treatment has unique application, at weapons, Aero-Space, electronic information, the energy, metallurgical, in the fields such as machining industry and nuclear industry irreplaceable effect is arranged, in national economy, occupy an important position, be subjected to the great attention of countries in the world, particularly in defence and military, tungsten and alloy thereof are the main kinetic energy weapon bullet core material that tackles armored target etc. at present.
Tough-crisp the transition temperature of material has determined the low-temperature flexibility of material, is to weigh the important indicator that material fragility changes tendency, and it directly influences the range of application of material, determines that exactly its tough-crisp transition temperature is very important for the research and development of new material the time.Many research workers are at tough-crisp transition temperature of being devoted to reduce material.
People such as U.S. J.L.Kamphouse design and have invented a kind of high temperature microhardness tester device.This equipment comprises three parts: (1) environmental control system, (2) have the body of heater and the pressure head of water-cooling system and vacuum pump, (3) pressure head control panel.Wherein environmental control system comprises vacuum-control(led) system and temperature control system.Vacuum-control(led) system is by the vacuum pump control of a standard, can realize that vacuum tightness is 10
-5Holder.Temperature control system is mainly realized by silicon controlled rectifier.Temperature can be controlled at 10～1400 ℃.Body of heater is the right cylinder of the high 72.4cm of diameter 24cm.The flow velocity of chilled water is 15 liters/minute.Heating element is that 0.25mm is thick, diameter 5cm, the right cylinder tantalum piece of high 20cm.In the middle of heating element, place a spill molybdenum matter pedestal and be used for the setting-out product.Sample is of a size of the thick 0.5mm of the wide 9.5mm of long 22mm.Pressure head adopts the Vickers pressure head, adopts molybdenum bar and inlay fabricated from sapphire on the top to form.Weight 100g～the 1000g that loads.The pressure head control panel mainly contains three effects, promptly 1. determines loaded load according to Wheatstone bridge electric current scale value, 2. determines the distance of pressure head and sample surfaces, 3. the pressure head automatic control system.
U.S. M.Tokar etc. artificially test the high temperature hardness of uranium and plutonium pottery and design and invented a kind of high temperature hardness proving installation.The heating element of body of heater is to be that 0.03 inch molybdenum filament wraps in alundum tube by diameter, and heating-up temperature is above 1000 ℃.Pressure head adopts Vickers hardness penetrator, is adopting adamas or corundum pressure head below 1000 ℃, surpasses 1000 ℃ and adopts B
4The C pressure head.Loaded load weight is 200g.Sample is placed on above the tantalum matter pedestal, and pedestal can rise, descend or rotate by the jumper bar control of outside.Heating furnace adopts vacuum pump can realize that vacuum tightness is 10
-6Holder.Heating furnace adopts circulation cooling body of heater.Burner hearth after test finishes adopts the remaining residue of ultrasonic cleaning sample.
Canada S.Yannacopoulos etc. artificially tests the hardness of unsetting solid under the high temperature and designs and invented a kind of high temperature micro-hardness testing device.This device comprises proving installation, temperature maintenance system, the data acquisition system (DAS) that makes into existing commercial microhardness.Wherein proving installation is to be used for sample is configured in the aluminium matter platform of a controllable temperature; The temperature maintenance system mainly be the temperature maintenance of sample on required temperature spot; Data acquisition system (DAS) mainly is by the temperature of microcomputer and software kit collected specimens, firing rate and other data.Device adopts Vickers hardness penetrator, is made with adamas.Heating element is an aluminium block.Loaded load is 10g, and protects a year 10s.
People from Italy such as A.Donato designs a kind of device of invention, hardness, fracture toughness and ductile-brittle transition temperature that can test material.This device is to adopt tack column pressure head, and pressure head is of a size of Φ=1mm, h=1.5mm, and (WC) is made by wimet.The decline rate of pressure head can be controlled at 0.0001---0.02mms
-1Scope in.Pressure head is 10KN to the maximum to the pressure of material.The working temperature of this device is-180 ℃---+200 ℃, high temperature adopts water-bath or oil bath to control, and low temperature adopts the mixed solution or the liquid nitrogen of second alcohol and water to control.Adopt this device can be on sample impression so that obtain relation curve, can obtain performances such as hardness, fracture toughness and ductile-brittle transition temperature by the impression theory again in the different temperatures downforce and the degree of depth.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the device of fracture toughness and hardness under a kind of indentation method test ductile-brittle transition temperature, the different temperatures, test at the functionally gradient material (FGM) sample needs, shorten sample preparation time and cost, more help to reduce cost and save time and the energy, raise the efficiency.。
The present invention includes: switch board 1, insulating ceramics base 2, electrode is derived rod 3, electrode 4, sample box 5, lower sleeve 6, pressure head 7, O type circle 8, upper bush 9, pressure ball 10, snorkel 11, positioning screw 12, view window 13, platen 14, Rockwell hardometer pressure head 15, thermopair 16, escape pipe 17, fixed head 18.
Structural representation of the present invention is shown in accompanying drawing 4, accompanying drawing 5.This device is whole to be used with Rockwell hardometer, and electrode (4) is derived rod (3) by electrode and is connected with switch board (1), so that the input of regulation voltage and electric current; Sample box (5) closely contacts with electrode (4), and test box (5) has the function that sample is heated simultaneously except that the sample of placement function is arranged; Insulating ceramics base (2) is connected with electrode (4), with isolated circuit; Fixed head (18) cooperates with pressure head (7), and is vertical to guarantee pressure head (7); Lower sleeve (6) adopts O type circle (8) to cooperate with upper bush (9), so that upper bush (9) can move up and down and guarantee impermeability; Platen (14) is used with Rockwell hardometer pressure head (15), guarantees the accuracy of exerting pressure; Pressure ball (10) guarantees that pressure transmits with a contact; The protective atmosphere input-output system guarantees that sample is at high temperature not oxidized; Temperature acquisition system guarantees the accuracy of probe temperature; The sample mobile system guarantees sample moving all around; Temperature acquisition system adopts electroheat pair (16) directly to be connected the probe temperature situation of change with the sample contact and with computer.
The top of the lower sleeve in the device (6) has groove, adopt O type circle (8) to be connected with upper bush (9), the front has view window (13) in the middle of the lower sleeve (6), then there is thermopair (16) at the rear portion, the groove of lower sleeve (6) bottom can be placed insulating ceramics base (2), and lower sleeve (6) middle part has snorkel (11).Insulating ceramics base (2) links to each other with electricity level (4), and electrode (4) is derived rod (3) by electrode and is connected with switch board (1).Sample box (5) is positioned over electrode (4) groove, and sample box (5) can be by positioning screw (12) adjusting position.Pressure ball (10) is placed at hemisphere groove place, upper bush (9) top, and the bottom slotted section is connected with pressure head (7), and upper bush (9) runs through partly join with escape pipe (17).Platen (14) is connected with Rockwell hardometer pressure head (15) by thimble, and when Rockwell hardometer pressure head (15) effect slowly descended, platen (14) contacted with pressure ball (10) point.
Pressure head of the present invention adopts high-speed steel or wimet, pressure head top two opposite face angles are 136 ° ± 15 ', two faces and the standard shaft line inclination deviation of pressure head be not more than ± 30 ', pressure head angle vertebra crest line should meet at a bit on the top, and its top chisel edge should be not more than 0.5 μ m.
Upper bush of the present invention adopts the steel ball of r=5mm, and the mode that makes platen and pressure ball adopt point to contact is guaranteed the pressure vertical transmission; Lower sleeve adopts the screw of M6 * 70 all around, and screw directly contacts with sample box, turns screw sample box can all around be moved; Bottom at lower sleeve is provided with snorkel, and the upper bush top sets out tracheae, adopts the mixed gas of argon gas and hydrogen to guarantee that sample is at high temperature not oxidized.
Insulating ceramics base of the present invention adopts the processable ceramic of electrical isolation to make; Sample box adopts the processable ceramic of conduction to make, as Ti
3SiC
2Pottery; Or adopt other to can be used as the processable ceramic of electric heating element.
Method of the present invention is on the basis of indentation method, the retrofit testing method, and the temperature that promptly raises is carried out indentation test to sample again.In process of the test, the method by resistance heated heats sample, makes it to be elevated to temperature required; The device seal with elastometic washer, and feed argon gas and the protection of hydrogen mixed gas atmosphere, guarantee that sample is not oxidized under probe temperature.Adopt wimet or high-speed steel to make pressure head, the red hardness while that not only can make pressure head keep enough under probe temperature is not oxidized, has overcome the defective of oxidation under the present widely used diamond penetrator high temperature.Use pressure ball and fixed head to guarantee that pressure head can vertical moving, avoided the skew of pressure head in the process of moving up and down, thereby can obtain desirable impression.In apparatus of the present invention, we can by regulate lower sleeve all around four screws make sample box move all around so that increase the utilization factor of sample, and save the heat time heating time and the energy, raise the efficiency.
The invention has the advantages that, can be used with Rockwell hardometer, Material Testing Machine etc.This device can be in the performances such as ductile-brittle transition temperature, fracture toughness and hardness of room temperature to 500 ℃ test functionally gradient material (FGM).Not only test accurately and reliably, and shorten the sample preparation time and improve testing efficiency, more help to reduce testing cost, reduce energy resource consumption.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is high temperature indentation method functionally gradient material (FGM) ductile-brittle transition temperature of the present invention, fracture toughness and hardness test device working routine process flow diagram.
Fig. 2 for radially/the median crack synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is actual measurement crackle synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4 is apparatus of the present invention structural front view.Wherein, switch board 1, insulating ceramics base 2, electrode is derived rod 3, electrode 4, sample box 5, lower sleeve 6, pressure head 7, O type circle 8, upper bush 9, pressure ball 10,
Fig. 5 is apparatus of the present invention structure left view.Wherein, snorkel 11, positioning screw 12, view window 13, platen 14, Rockwell hardometer pressure head 15, thermopair 16, escape pipe 17, shaft collar 18.
Embodiment
The test procedure of fracture toughness and hardness is as follows under employing the inventive method and device to test functionally gradient material (FGM) ductile-brittle transition temperature, the different temperatures:
(1) sample preparation: sample is polished whole, and the polishing, make sample not have obvious cut and defective.
(2) sample is put into sample box, feed the about 1min of mixed gas of argon gas and hydrogen, the air in the remover.
(3) open switch board, regulates suitable voltage and current, sample box is generated heat and sample is heated.
(4) can be by temperature acquisition system by the temperature of computer record sample, when reaching needed temperature, the closing control cabinet, open Rockwell hardometer, make platen slowly oppress pressure ball, at this moment upper bush is along with pressure moves down, and pressure head can be observed the impression situation of pressure head to sample by view window then vertically to the sample impression.
(5) impression finishes, and makes upper bush rise to the origin-location, transfers screw, and sample box is all around moved, and by view window observation situation of movement, if the temperature of observing sample a little less than temperature required, can heat a moment, wait to reach temperature required, then repeating step (4) carries out impression to sample.
(6) to the sample under the same terms repeating step (4), (5) repeatedly under different temperatures, and record.
(7) will there be the sample of impression under 400 power microscopes, to observe the impression situation, and measure impression diagonal line (as shown in Figure 2) and along the length (as shown in Figure 3) of diagonal line crackle, substitution formula (1), (2) are obtained and are brought out initial crack half long a, radially/and median crack half long c.
(8) utilize formula (3) to obtain Vickers hardness H, obtain fracture toughness K by formula (4)
IC
Wherein P is the load of pressure head, N.
With the temperature t is horizontal ordinate, fracture toughness K
ICBe ordinate, the temperature of drawing-fracture toughness coordinate diagram, according to energy method, get rank can with following rank can
Pairing temperature, and, can determine the tough-crisp transition temperature of this material in conjunction with the observation and the analysis of fracture apperance.
Claims (5)
1. the device of fracture toughness and hardness under indentation method test ductile-brittle transition temperature, the different temperatures, comprise upper bush, lower sleeve, pressure head, insulating ceramics base, fixed head, electrode, sample box, view window, platen, pressure ball, protective atmosphere input-output system, temperature acquisition system, sample mobile system and switch board, it is characterized in that: this device is whole to be used with Rockwell hardometer, electrode (4) is derived rod (3) by electrode and is connected with switch board (1), so that the input of regulation voltage and electric current; Sample box (5) closely contacts with electrode (4), and test box (5) has the function that sample is heated simultaneously except that the sample of placement function is arranged; Insulating ceramics base (2) is connected with electrode (4), with isolated circuit; Fixed head (18) cooperates with pressure head (7), and is vertical to guarantee pressure head (7); Lower sleeve (6) adopts O type circle (8) to cooperate with upper bush (9), so that upper bush (9) can move up and down and guarantee impermeability; Platen (14) is used with Rockwell hardometer pressure head (15), guarantees the accuracy of exerting pressure; Pressure ball (10) guarantees that pressure transmits with a contact; The protective atmosphere input-output system guarantees that sample is at high temperature not oxidized; Temperature acquisition system guarantees the accuracy of probe temperature; The sample mobile system guarantees sample moving all around; Temperature acquisition system adopts thermopair (16) directly to be connected the probe temperature situation of change with the sample contact and with computer.
2, according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the top of lower sleeve (6) has groove, the front has view window (13) in the middle of the lower sleeve (6), then there is thermopair (16) at the rear portion, the groove of lower sleeve (6) bottom can be placed insulating ceramics base (2), and lower sleeve (6) middle part has snorkel (11); Insulating ceramics base (2) links to each other with electrode (4), and electrode (4) is derived rod (3) by electrode and is connected with switch board (1); Sample box (5) is positioned over electrode (4) groove, and sample box (5) is by positioning screw (12) adjusting position; Pressure ball (10) is placed at hemisphere groove place, upper bush (9) top, and the bottom slotted section is connected with pressure head (7), and upper bush (9) runs through part and joins with escape pipe (17).
3. according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: pressure head adopts high-speed steel or wimet, pressure head top two opposite face angles are 136 ° ± 15 ', two faces and the standard shaft line inclination deviation of pressure head be not more than ± 30 ', pressure head angle vertebra crest line should meet at a bit on the top, and its top chisel edge should be not more than 0.5 μ m.
4. according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: upper bush adopts the steel ball of r=5mm, and the mode that makes platen and pressure ball adopt point to contact is guaranteed the pressure vertical transmission; Lower sleeve adopts the screw of M6 * 70 all around, and screw directly contacts with sample box, turns screw and makes sample box to move all around; Bottom at lower sleeve is provided with snorkel, and the upper bush top sets out tracheae, adopts the mixed gas of argon gas and hydrogen to guarantee that sample is at high temperature not oxidized.
5. according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the insulating ceramics base adopts the processable ceramic of electrical isolation to make; Sample box adopts the processable ceramic of conduction to make.
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| CNB2006101142077A CN100501368C (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2006-11-01 | Apparatus for testing transformation temperature between toughness and brittleness, rupture toughness at different temperature and rigidity |
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| CNB2006101142077A CN100501368C (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2006-11-01 | Apparatus for testing transformation temperature between toughness and brittleness, rupture toughness at different temperature and rigidity |
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| CN109900554B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-11-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A method of fracture toughness is calculated using indentation method |
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