CN1005009B - 气体轴承和轴承件 - Google Patents
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/06—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
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- F16C32/0614—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a gas cushion, e.g. an air cushion the gas being supplied under pressure, e.g. aerostatic bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
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- F16C32/0662—Details of hydrostatic bearings independent of fluid supply or direction of load
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
气体轴承具有花岗岩类材料和与天然石料类的材料制成的两轴承件，和在轴承件之间注入气体以在其间形成气隙的机构。轴承件花岗岩材料表面的气孔用不脆、透明、可机械加工的气孔密封材料进行密封形，形成表面无孔的气体轴承件。用来密封轴承件和轴承材料中气孔的气孔密封材料是聚氨基甲酸酯、丙稀酸聚合物、环氧树脂、硅酮树脂、聚偏氟乙烯树脂、芳族聚酰胺树脂等。气孔密封材料最好由在低温下，特别是在３０℃以下可熟化的聚合物组成。
Description
本发明与气体轴承有关。气体轴承包含至少两个可以相对运动的轴承件，至少一个轴承件在其工作面上有气孔，在两个轴承件相对的工作面之间有气体注入机构，以便注入气体能够在轴承件之间维持气隙，其特征是气孔用不脆的气孔密封材料将气孔密封。
在现有技术中，德国专利说明书DE-A-3230232公开了一种气体轴承。这种已知的气体轴承由多孔材料制成，最好是奥氏体金属。
为了在两个轴承件之间获得非常薄的气隙，在轴承件内可装设传导空气的凹槽，通过凹槽把周围的空气送入到可旋转的轴承件两个工作面之间，以形成很薄的气隙。为了获得气体轴承所要求的稳定性，使用很薄的气隙是非常重要的。
上述已知的空气轴承，其缺点是价格太贵，这是因为轴承件采用上述很贵的材质。
然而也出现了另一种情况，虽然天然石料特别是花岗岩可用来取代陶瓷材料，用这种极其便宜的原料制作轴承件可节省大量的资金，但是用大块的天然岩石制造轴承件时，轴承件的工作表面上会产生大量的气孔。尽管工作表面平坦但它不是不透气的。由于气体泄漏的结果不能维持所要求的厚度恒定的气隙，结果使轴承产生不希望的振动。
轴承件工作表面的多孔性常常是不均匀的，从这一点到那一点会发生变化，这种情况使得上述的气体泄漏和产生振动的缺点更加严重。
本发明的目的是提供一种不会产生上述缺点的气体轴承。
按照本发明可实现这个目的。结果使用工作表面有气孔的轴承件，则可用不脆的气孔密封材料将气孔密封住。
由于密封了轴承件工作表面上的气孔，气隙里的气体不再能从气孔泄漏，因此在两个轴承件相对的工作面之间可以连续维持厚度固定的气隙，气压也稳定，这样两个工作面被一层气体相互隔开，特殊情况下是一层空气。
气孔密封材料最好是透明的以保留表面的本色。
气孔密封材料宜选用易于机械加工的，以便经过气孔密封材料处理后使轴承件有很平滑的表面。
气孔密封材料是由可固化的聚合物固化而成，由于在轴承件的工作面上很容易涂刷漆态的这种聚合物，从而使得气孔能很好地吸收聚合物，然后通过熟化再使聚合物转变为固化的塑料。
气孔密封材料由可在低于30℃的温度下固化的聚合物构成，最好是能在近似环境温度下固化的聚合物，特别是可用紫外线固化的聚合物。在花岗岩的特定条件下，希望使用能在20℃左右温度下使用和熟化的气孔密封材料，因为被加热的花岗岩在重新坚固之前需要很长的时间，而在冷却过程中不会产生任何变形。
气孔密封材料可按其优点从聚氨基甲酸酯类、丙烯酸树脂类、环氧树脂类、硅酮树脂类、聚偏氟乙烯类、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺和类似的聚合物中挑选。
两相对工作面中至少一个表面可用涂层形式使用气孔密封材料。在这种情况下涂层能方便地进行机械加工以使表面足够平坦，其最大偏差不超过10μm。
显然，涂层必须尽可能的薄以完全保留花岗岩类材料原来的强度。
最好用花岗岩类材料制作轴承件。
花岗岩类材料包括在自然界大规模存在的特殊的埋藏很深的坚石料，它们由正长石、斜长石、石英、角闪石、钙柱石或白云母和少量的材料如磁铁矿、石留石、锆石和磷灰石组成。
很明显上面提到的各种矿物分别属于花岗岩类的物质和具有同样硬度的矿物。
本发明也同适合作气体轴承的轴承件和轴承材料有关，按照本发明，最好是用花岗岩类材料或多孔金属制作轴承件，其工作表面上的气孔用不脆的气孔密封材料进行密封。
本发明现在将参考示例实施方案用图进行解释。其中：
图1表示按照本发明的空气轴承的剖面。
图2表示轴承件细节的剖面;
图3表示带有表面涂层轴承件的剖面;
图4表示另一类空气轴承的空气轴承件表面图。
图1表示空气轴承1包含第一轴承件2和与图中没有详细表明的大而重结构的轴8相连的第二轴承件3。轴承件2和3相对的工作表面4和5是磨成平的并有空气传导槽6以保证从空气轴承外面来的空气在轴承件2和3之间形成气隙。这气隙充满了空气由参考数字7表示。
已经发现如果轴承件是由花岗岩类材料制成，那么在轴承件2和3的工作表面4和5内会出现很多气孔，使得两工作面之间气隙7中的空气逃逸而无法控制，从而不可能在两轴承件之间维持厚度恒定的气隙。
当表面4和5的多孔性随着区域不同而变化时这种缺点就显得更加严重。从而不可能考虑制造有上述多孔性的轴承件。
按照本发明，用花岗岩类材料制成的轴承件2和3，其工作表面上的气孔用气孔密封材料进行密封，上述的缺点就可以克服。图2表示花岗岩轴承件3工作表面的剖面，通过气孔10空气可很容易地从空气隙7泄漏到外面。用气孔密封材料密封住气孔10的自由端，气孔密封材料由熟化的环氧树脂组成。
由于气孔10密封住的结果，在两个轴承件2和3之间可以保持恒定的厚度均匀的空气隙7，这点将是很清楚的。
显然，代替环氧树脂，也可以使用硅酮树脂或芳族聚酰胺树脂来密封气孔。图3显示的实施方案表示在轴承件的工作表面上有很薄的表面层12。这涂层12最好是透明、可机械加工以使表面涂层有所需要的平滑度因为允许的最大偏差只有10μm。涂层必须保持极薄以便在气隙建立后空气轴承的起动过程中保持花岗岩类材料的强度。特别在重型结构情况下，很明显工作面必须有很大的强度以防止空气轴承起动时损坏。
代替环氧树脂或硅酮树脂，当然也可以用聚氨基甲酸酯树脂、丙稀酸树脂、聚偏氟乙稀树脂，也可是芳族聚酰胺树脂（聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺）。
图4表示空气轴承另一种实施方案，其中由花岗岩制成的第一轴承件2带有中心孔13，用来在轴承件2和3的表面4和5之间形成空气隙。
为了防止空气逃逸，第二轴承件带有阻止空气从气隙逃离的裙套11。
图2和图3中显示花岗岩表面4和5中的气孔被熟化的环氧树脂9密封。
如果用金属或其他多孔材料制作轴承件，气孔可用同样的方法进行密封。
Claims (8)
1、气体轴承（1）包含至少两个可以相对运动的轴承件（2，3），至少一个轴承件在其工作面上有气孔（10），在两个轴承件相对的工作面之间有气体注入机构，以便注入气体能够在轴承件（2，3）之间维持气隙（7），其特征是气孔（10）用不脆的气孔密封材料（9，12）将气孔密封。
2、按照权利要求1所述的气体轴承，其特征是气孔密封材料（9，12）是透明的。
3、按照权利要求1所述的气体轴承，其特征是气孔密封材料（9，12）是可机械加工的。
4、按照权利要求1所述的气体轴承，其特征是气孔密封材料（9，12）是由可固化的聚合物固化而成。
5、按照权利要求1所述的气体轴承，其特征是气孔密封材料（9，12）是由可固化的聚合物在低于30℃的温度下固化而成，最好在近似环境温度下固化。
6、按照权利要求1所述的气体轴承，其特征是气孔密封材料（9，12）是可用紫外光线熟化的聚合物组成。
7、按照权利要求1所述的气体轴承，其特征是气孔密封材料（9，12）是从聚氨基甲酸酯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、环氧树脂、硅酮树脂、聚偏氟乙烯和聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺中挑选。
8、按照权利要求1所述的气体轴承，其特征是气孔密封材料（9，12）在表面上形成一层很薄的涂层（12），其厚度最好不超过20μm。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL8502650A NL8502650A (nl) | 1985-09-27 | 1985-09-27 | Gasleger alsmede hiervoor geschikt legerdeel. |
| NL8502650 | 1985-09-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN86106556A CN86106556A (zh) | 1987-05-27 |
| CN1005009B true CN1005009B (zh) | 1989-08-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN86106556.5A Expired CN1005009B (zh) | 1985-09-27 | 1986-09-27 | 气体轴承和轴承件 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US4741629A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0217445B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPS6275126A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1005009B (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE46943T1 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE3666078D1 (zh) |
| NL (1) | NL8502650A (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9400010B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2016-07-26 | Metal Industries Research & Development Centre | Aerostatic bearing |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5017095A (en) * | 1988-02-01 | 1991-05-21 | Vickers, Incorporated | Power transmission |
| US5424080A (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1995-06-13 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Wax-free chewing gum base |
| US5429447A (en) * | 1992-08-18 | 1995-07-04 | Trw Inc. | Turnbuckle assembly |
| FI105351B (fi) * | 1999-02-15 | 2000-07-31 | Valmet Corp | Menetelmä kuluvan pinnan tiivistämiseksi |
| IL150889A (en) * | 2000-02-01 | 2008-03-20 | Toto Ltd | Hydrostatic gas bearing, hydrostatic gas bearing device for use in vacuum environment and gas recovery method for the hydrostatic gas bearing device |
| DE10106204A1 (de) * | 2001-02-10 | 2002-08-14 | Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnerei | Offenend-Spinnvorrichtung mit einem aerostatischen Radiallager für einen Spinnrotor |
| JP2006283915A (ja) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-19 | Ntn Corp | 流体軸受装置 |
| JP4818654B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-25 | 2011-11-16 | ソニーケミカル＆インフォメーションデバイス株式会社 | 発光素子の封止方法 |
| JP4992986B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-22 | 2012-08-08 | 新東工業株式会社 | 静圧軸受装置および静圧軸受装置を備えたステージ |
| CN108026973B (zh) * | 2015-08-03 | 2020-06-16 | Ntn株式会社 | 滑动构件、滚动轴承及保持器 |
| TWI595167B (zh) * | 2015-11-23 | 2017-08-11 | 財團法人金屬工業研究發展中心 | 多孔質氣靜壓軸承的製造方法 |
| JP2019190591A (ja) * | 2018-04-26 | 2019-10-31 | 学校法人東京理科大学 | 多孔質静圧空気軸受及びその製造方法 |
| CN110486383B (zh) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-08-03 | 江苏集萃精凯高端装备技术有限公司 | 一种气体静压轴承基体及其表面微结构的制作方法 |
| CN110686008B (zh) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-01-05 | 武汉科技大学 | 一种可视的高压石英玻璃圆盘气体轴承及其使用方法 |
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| FR515634A (fr) * | 1917-01-06 | 1921-04-05 | Masch Und Wellenlager Gmbh | Coussinet |
| US2897024A (en) * | 1956-02-20 | 1959-07-28 | Gen Motors Corp | Separator for antifriction bearing |
| US3284144A (en) * | 1964-06-08 | 1966-11-08 | American Lava Corp | Bearings |
| FR1493123A (fr) * | 1966-07-21 | 1967-08-25 | Glyco Metall Werke | Palier de glissement, en particulier un palier métalloplastique et son procédé de fabrication |
| FR1527877A (fr) * | 1967-03-07 | 1968-06-07 | Dépôt, pénétration et fixation d'une couche autolubrifiante dans un matériau de constructions mécaniques | |
| NL6805392A (zh) * | 1967-06-16 | 1968-12-17 | ||
| US3578827A (en) * | 1969-02-19 | 1971-05-18 | Excellon Ind | Arrangement for providing precise movement |
| GB1310526A (en) * | 1969-05-14 | 1973-03-21 | Smiths Industries Ltd | Gas-lubricated bearings |
| DE2419500A1 (de) * | 1974-04-23 | 1976-01-29 | Goetzewerke | Ueberzug fuer die verbesserung des einlauf- und notlaufverhaltens von gleitender reibung unterworfenen maschinenteilen |
| JPS5850314A (ja) * | 1981-09-17 | 1983-03-24 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 多孔質静圧気体軸受 |
| US4397910A (en) * | 1982-06-02 | 1983-08-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Light weight high temperature polyester laminates useful as lubricating rub strips |
| DE3463831D1 (en) * | 1983-03-30 | 1987-06-25 | Wyler Ag | Bearing element for a gas bearing |
| US4582368A (en) * | 1985-05-06 | 1986-04-15 | Ndc Company, Ltd. | Dry bearing |
-
1985
- 1985-09-27 NL NL8502650A patent/NL8502650A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1986
- 1986-09-12 AT AT86201572T patent/ATE46943T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-09-12 DE DE8686201572T patent/DE3666078D1/de not_active Expired
- 1986-09-12 EP EP86201572A patent/EP0217445B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-09-17 US US06/908,370 patent/US4741629A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-09-26 JP JP61226376A patent/JPS6275126A/ja active Pending
- 1986-09-27 CN CN86106556.5A patent/CN1005009B/zh not_active Expired
-
1989
- 1989-08-10 US US07/393,090 patent/US5004357A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9400010B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2016-07-26 | Metal Industries Research & Development Centre | Aerostatic bearing |
| US9739305B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2017-08-22 | Metal Industries Research & Development Centre | Aerostatic bearing |
| US10030699B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2018-07-24 | Metal Industries Research & Development Centre | Aerostatic bearing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL8502650A (nl) | 1987-04-16 |
| JPS6275126A (ja) | 1987-04-07 |
| CN86106556A (zh) | 1987-05-27 |
| US4741629A (en) | 1988-05-03 |
| DE3666078D1 (en) | 1989-11-09 |
| EP0217445A1 (en) | 1987-04-08 |
| US5004357A (en) | 1991-04-02 |
| EP0217445B1 (en) | 1989-10-04 |
| ATE46943T1 (de) | 1989-10-15 |
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