CN100500405C - 常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品的模压成型方法 - Google Patents

常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品的模压成型方法 Download PDF

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CN100500405C
CN100500405C CNB2006101070030A CN200610107003A CN100500405C CN 100500405 C CN100500405 C CN 100500405C CN B2006101070030 A CNB2006101070030 A CN B2006101070030A CN 200610107003 A CN200610107003 A CN 200610107003A CN 100500405 C CN100500405 C CN 100500405C
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蔡鸣
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Shanghai ASUS fine ceramic Limited by Share Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品的模压成型方法,它的加工步骤为:第一步、在配制成的料浆中,即粉浆固含量为65%左右,按照5~15%质量份和3~12%质量份分别加入成型助剂聚乙烯醇和聚乙二醇,并充分搅拌均匀;第二步、用二流体式喷雾造粒塔对料浆进行喷雾造粒;第三步、用第二步所得粉料放入所需生坯制品的模具中,粉料含水率为3-6%;第四步、按照常规压制工艺将生坯模压,保压时间为15-20秒,然后将模具反转放置后再模压,保压15-20秒;第五步、按照第四步模压工艺重复进行3-5次即得到密度为1.82g/cm3-1.88g/cm3的常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品。本发明的优点在于解决了小吨位压力机模压大尺寸常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品吨位不足的问题。

Description

常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品的模压成型方法
技术领域
本发明涉及常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品的模压成型方法,尤其是涉及常压烧结碳化硅大尺寸生坯制品的模压成型方法。
背景技术
常压烧结碳化硅是一种新兴的优质非金属材料,它具有高强度,高硬度,耐高温,耐腐蚀,耐磨损等特性,广泛应用于机械密封、汽车、石化、航空航天、军工等领域。经国内外研究实践发现,若要使常压烧结碳化硅具有以上特性,就必须使其烧成密度达到3.0g/cm3以上。而要使烧成密度达到此要求,就必须使其未烧生坯的压制成型密度达到1.75g/cm3以上。压制生坯的方法有模压、热压铸、浇注、等静压等几种,其中以模压成型的成本最低,效率最高。若要使模压成型的生坯密度达到1.75g/cm3,生坯受压面单位面积(1cm3)所受压力就要达到0.8-1吨。照此计算,压制一个直径400mm,高10mm的圆盘,要使其压成密度达到1.75g/cm3以上,就必须对其施加1000-1200吨的压力。而若要得到如此大的压力,就需要有一台吨位在千吨以上的压机来进行压制。但是对一般中、小型企业来说,购置一台千吨压机是一个很大的负担,且使用频率并不很高,这就造成了极大的资源浪费,增加了生产成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用小吨位压机实现常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品的模压成型方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明可采取下述技术方案:
本发明所述的常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品的模压成型方法,它的加工步骤为:
第一步、在配制成的料浆中,即粉浆固含量为65%左右,按照5~15%质量份和3~12%质量份分别加入成型助剂聚乙烯醇和聚乙二醇,并充分搅拌均匀;
第二步、用二流体式喷雾造粒塔对料浆进行喷雾造粒;先将料浆倒入与造粒塔连接的储料罐中搅拌均匀,然后通过泥浆泵将料浆抽出,由喷枪打入造粒塔内;同时在喷枪内打入气压为0.4~0.5MPa的高压空气,将粉料打碎成细小液滴并喷到造粒塔顶部,此时造粒塔从顶部加入温度在400~480℃的热空气,蒸发小液滴中的水分,液滴在下落过程中逐渐变为碳化硅固体小颗粒最后落在造粒塔底部出料口,出口温度在130℃~180℃;将出料口处的碳化硅颗粒放出并过80目筛,最终得到80目~240目以上的碳化硅粉料;
第三步、用第二步所得粉料放入所需生坯制品的模具中,粉料含水率为3-6%;
第四步、按照常规压制工艺将生坯模压,保压时间为15-20秒,然后将模具反转放置后再模压,保压15-20秒;
第五步、按照第四步模压工艺重复进行3-5次即得到密度为1.82g/cm3-1.88g/cm3的常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品。
所述第二步得到的碳化硅粉料,其80目粉料占5%,100目粉料占35%,240目粉料占30%,80目粉料以下占2%,120~200目粉料占20%,240目以上粉料占8%。
本发明的优点在于该模压成型方法首先提高了碳化硅粉料的成型性能,即提高了粉料的流动性,因为粉料流动性好,压制生坯的密度就高,所需的压力就可以减小;本方法中第一、二、三步的目的即为解决粉料的成型性能——加入成型助剂可提高粉料的变形性能及抗压性;喷雾造粒可调整粉料的颗粒比例;严格控制粉料的含水率来改善粉料的塑性。然后再通过第四、五两步的压制工艺,可使其模压成型后的生坯密度达到1.75g/cm3且分布均匀,烧结后的制品密度亦达到3.10g/cm3-3.12g/cm3,完全满足了大尺寸常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品的质量要求,解决了小吨位压力机模压大尺寸常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品吨位不足的问题。
具体实施方式
本发明所述的常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品的模压成型方法,是按下述加工步骤进行:
第一步、在配制成的料浆中,即粉浆固含量为65%左右,按照5~15%质量份和3~12%质量份分别加入成型助剂聚乙烯醇和聚乙二醇,并充分搅拌均匀;
第二步、用二流体式喷雾造粒塔对料浆进行喷雾造粒;先将料浆倒入与造粒塔连接的储料罐中搅拌均匀,然后通过泥浆泵将料浆抽出,由喷枪打入造粒塔内;同时在喷枪内打入气压为0.4~0.5MPa的高压空气,将粉料打碎成细小液滴并喷到造粒塔顶部,此时造粒塔从顶部加入温度在400~480℃的热空气,蒸发小液滴中的水分,液滴在下落过程中逐渐变为碳化硅固体小颗粒最后落在造粒塔底部出料口,出口温度在130℃~180℃;将出料口处的碳化硅颗粒放出并过80目筛,最终得到80目~240目的碳化硅粉料;
第三步、用第二步所得粉料放入所需生坯制品的模具中,粉料含水率为3-6%;
第四步、按照常规压制工艺将生坯模压,保压时间为15-20秒,然后将模具反转放置后再模压,保压15-20秒;
第五步、按照第四步模压工艺重复进行3-5次即得到密度为1.82g/cm3-1.88g/cm3的常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品。
所述第二步得到的碳化硅粉料,其80目粉料占5%,100目粉料占35%,240目粉料占30%,80目粉料以下占2%,120~200目粉料占20%,240目以上粉料占8%。

Claims (2)

1、一种常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品的模压成型方法,其特征在于:它的加工步骤为:
第一步、在配制成的料浆中,即粉浆固含量为65%,按照5~15%质量份和3~12%质量份分别加入成型助剂聚乙烯醇和聚乙二醇,并充分搅拌均匀;
第二步、用二流体式喷雾造粒塔对料浆进行喷雾造粒;先将料浆倒入与造粒塔连接的储料罐中搅拌均匀,然后通过泥浆泵将料浆抽出,由喷枪打入造粒塔内;同时在喷枪内打入气压为0.4~0.5MPa的高压空气,将粉料打碎成细小液滴并喷到造粒塔顶部,此时造粒塔从顶部加入温度在400~480℃的热空气,蒸发小液滴中的水分,液滴在下落过程中逐渐变为碳化硅固体小颗粒最后落在造粒塔底部出料口,出口温度在130℃~180℃;将出料口处的碳化硅颗粒放出并过80目筛,最终得到80目~240目以上的碳化硅粉料;
第三步、用第二步所得粉料放入所需生坯制品的模具中,粉料含水率为3-6%;
第四步、按照常规压制工艺将生坯模压,保压时间为15-20秒,然后将模具反转放置后再模压,保压15-20秒;
第五步、按照第四步模压工艺重复进行3-5次即得到密度为1.82g/cm3-1.88g/cm3的常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品。
2、根据权利要求1所述的常压烧结碳化硅生坯制品的模压成型方法,其特征在于:所述第二步得到的碳化硅粉料,其80目粉料占5%,100目粉料占35%,240目粉料占30%,80目粉料以下占2%,120~200目粉料占20%,240目以上粉料占8%。
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