CN100497663C - Metal part cooling method, metal part producing method, and metal part cooling device - Google Patents
Metal part cooling method, metal part producing method, and metal part cooling device Download PDFInfo
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- CN100497663C CN100497663C CNB200580009904XA CN200580009904A CN100497663C CN 100497663 C CN100497663 C CN 100497663C CN B200580009904X A CNB200580009904X A CN B200580009904XA CN 200580009904 A CN200580009904 A CN 200580009904A CN 100497663 C CN100497663 C CN 100497663C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
Abstract
The problem is to uniformly cool a metal part by uniformly breaking vapor films formed when a cooling liquid vaporizes on the surface of the metal part. To solve this problem, vibration is applied to the vapor films formed on the metal part to break the vapor films without stirring a cooling liquid (1). And, after the vapor films have started to be broken, the cooling liquid (1) is stirred , whereby the bubbles produced by breaking the vapor films are diffused in the cooling liquid (1).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of by metal parts being immersed the method for coming the cool metal parts in the cooling fluid, a kind of by using this method of cooling to make the method for metal parts and a kind of refrigerating unit of metal parts.
Background technology
Quench treatment and solutionizing are handled and are all related to and will be heated in the cooling fluid of pyritous metal parts immersion by the formations such as the aqueous solution of mineral oil (quenching oil), water or water-soluble refrigerant, with the thermal treatment of rapid this metal parts of cooling.Though these cooling fluids have excellent cooling stability and cost efficiency, should note following some problem.That is, immerse moment of these cooling fluids with being heated to the pyritous metal parts, these cooling fluids will with the vaporization at the interface of metal parts, produce the film (hereinafter referred to as " steam film ") of steam at metal part surface.Because steam film can hinder the cooling of metal parts, particularly, when because the shape of metal parts, the layout of metal parts in cooling tank etc. when making steam film become local stablize, metal parts will cool off unevenly and occur being out of shape and soft spots (difference of hardness) in metal parts.
In order to address this problem, practice in the past is to utilize strong as far as possible convection current to stir to immerse the cooling fluid that metal parts is arranged, so that between steam film and cooling fluid, positive heat exchange takes place at the interface, and reduce the temperature of metal part surface, thus the rapid damage steam film.
In JP2003-286517A (hereinafter referred to as patent documentation 1), a kind of like this method has been proposed, wherein stir and immerse the cooling fluid that metal parts is arranged by vibration and jet flow, generation level and vertically mobile in cooling fluid, thereby the destruction steam film, and make the bubble that produces by ruined steam film be diffused in the cooling fluid and disappearance.
But, in above-mentioned patent documentation 1 described method, when destroying steam film, need stir cooling fluid, therefore can in cooling fluid, produce very strong flowing, this hinders the even destruction to steam film easily.Therefore, method described in the patent documentation 1 is remaining the space of improving further aspect the even cooling-part.
Therefore, In view of the foregoing made the present invention, the method that provides the steam film that formed by the vaporization of cooling fluid on the metal part surface by even destruction to come even cool metal parts has been provided.
Summary of the invention
In order to address this problem, the inventor has carried out deep research, found that the steam film that is formed by the vaporization of cooling fluid on the metal part surface keeps stable by this film pressure inside, by destroying the stability of this steam film, can destroy this steam film effectively.
That is to say, the invention provides a kind of by immersing the method for cooling of coming the cool metal parts in the cooling fluid through the metal parts of heating, it is characterized in that, destroy steam film by formed steam film when cooling fluid is vaporized is applied the pressure that changes repeatedly on metal part surface, and need not to stir cooling fluid.
According to this method of cooling, when steam film being applied repeatedly the pressure that changes, this steam film expands repeatedly and shrinks and fluctuate, and the part that reduces because of this fluctuation with thickness is damaged this steam film as starting point.At this moment, do not stir cooling fluid, in cooling fluid, can produce, but produce very strong mobile can be when not stirring cooling fluid as more weak flowing as the natural convection by steam film being applied repeatedly the pressure that changes.Therefore, can destroy steam film equably.
In method of cooling of the present invention, the example that steam film is applied repeatedly the method for the pressure that changes comprise to cooling fluid apply vibration method, change cooling fluid liquid level pressure method and by making up the method that these two kinds of methods apply the pressure that changes repeatedly.As the method that steam film is applied the pressure that changes repeatedly, can also enumerate the method that metal parts is shaken.In addition, the pressure that is applied on the steam film can be continually varying, also can be that similar impulse oscillation changes such intermittence.
In method of cooling of the present invention, cooling fluid is applied the method for vibration and is not particularly limited, only otherwise can in cooling fluid, produce very strong mobile getting final product, the example that cooling fluid is applied the method for vibration comprises for example following method, this method relates in cooling tank to be provided such as vibrators such as oscillating plate and rotatoies, and oscillating plate is moved back and forth or makes rotator be rotated motion.The example that cooling fluid is applied the method for vibration also comprises following method, and this method relates to provides a plurality of vibrators in cooling tank, and makes these vibrator vibrations.According to this method, can come by the resonance of a plurality of vibrators cooling fluid is applied vibration, and can the different vibration of applying portion in cooling tank.
In addition, in method of cooling of the present invention, when employing relates to method that cooling fluid is applied vibration when steam film is applied the method for the pressure that changes repeatedly, one of them can be regulated according to the thickness of steam film at least for the amplitude of vibration or frequency.
The thickness of steam film according to the kind and the temperature of size, temperature and the shape of metal parts, cooling fluid, be applied to pressure on this liquid etc. and change.For example, when steam film is thicker, preferably make amplitude bigger, when steam film is thin, preferably make frequency higher.
In addition, in method of cooling of the present invention, when employing relates to method that cooling fluid is applied vibration when steam film is applied the method for the pressure that changes repeatedly, one of them can be regulated according to the state of cooling fluid at least for the amplitude of vibration or frequency.
The state of cooling fluid changes in the following order:
(1) the steam film stage, be present on the metal part surface at this stage steam film, (2) boiling stage, destroyed and remove at this steam film of this stage from metal part surface, the result metal parts is exposed and with the contacted coolant boiling of this exposed surface, and (3) convection current stage, begin in this stage boiling end and convection current.For example, preferably make amplitude bigger early stage in steam film stage of steam film stable existence, and the later stage that begins the destructive steam film stage from steam film to being converted to before the boiling stage, preferably make frequency higher.
In method of cooling of the present invention,, then estimate to obtain the execution of steam film if it is too little to be applied to the amplitude of vibration of cooling fluid; On the other hand, if amplitude is too big, then the liquid level of cooling fluid can become wavyly, produces very strong flowing sometimes.In view of this, when when using oscillating plate to apply vibration, preferably the amplitude of representing with the swing width of oscillating plate is more than or equal to 2mm.When apply when vibration by pressure, preferably the amplitude of being represented by pressure variety is more than or equal at 1% (for example, more than or equal to the 100Pa) that does not apply the pressure that is applied to cooling fluid under the state of vibration.
If it is too low to be applied to the frequency of cooling fluid, then pressure change is gentle, and steam film can not fluctuate, and the result estimates to obtain the execution of steam film.On the other hand, if it is too high to be applied to the frequency of cooling fluid, then the fluctuation of steam film is too trickle, and the result estimates to obtain the execution of steam film.On this point, (trade(brand)name: in the time of URAS TECHNO VIBRATOR), the vibrational frequency that is applied to cooling fluid is preferably 5Hz～80Hz, more preferably 20Hz～30Hz when adopting the vibrating device of being produced by URAS TECHNO of being furnished with vibrating motor.
In addition, when the vibration that is applied to cooling fluid had lower frequency and bigger amplitude, the liquid level that then must prevent cooling fluid became wavy, and therefore, it is complicated that the structure of cooling tank becomes.In the time will being applied to cooling fluid as hyperacoustic vibration with less amplitude and upper frequency, then the fluctuation of steam film can become too trickle, and therefore, expectation can't obtain the execution of steam film.
In method of cooling of the present invention, preferably begin destroyed back and stir cooling fluid, so that be diffused in the cooling fluid by the formed bubble of the destruction of steam film at steam film.
As its result, can make by the film formed bubble of ruined steam evenly, promptly to be diffused in the cooling fluid and to disappear, the cooling that the result makes metal parts is evenly, promptly carry out.When needs make the bubble rapid diffusion, for example to cool off at the same time under the situation of a large amount of metal partss, the situation of metal parts that has comparatively large vol in cooling is inferior, and this stirring to cooling fluid is effective especially.
The example that stirs the method for cooling fluid comprises the injection stirring, and preferred the employing forms even mobile method from bottom to top in cooling fluid.It is synchronous that the zero hour of preferred stirring cooling fluid and steam film begin ruined time point.
Can be after stopping steam film being applied the pressure of variation, or when continuing steam film is applied the pressure of variation, stir.Which kind of, need to select wherein any one method according to the size of wanting the refrigerative metal parts, kind or amount as for the method for employing.
For example, when the easily deformable metal parts of cooling, for the convection current of cooling fluid during the stage cooling raio gentler, preferably after stopping steam film being applied the pressure of variation, stir.That is to say, preferably during stirring cooling fluid, do not apply vibration.On the other hand, when cooling off a large amount of metal parts at the same time or when cooling has the metal parts of significant volume,, preferably under the pressure that steam film is applied variation, stir even in order also to cool off strongly in the cooling fluid convection current stage.That is to say, preferably when stirring cooling fluid, apply vibration.
In addition, in method of cooling of the present invention, preferably, regulate to agitation strength with by at least one side who stirs in the mobile direction that produces according to the state of metal parts in the state of cooling fluid and the cooling fluid.
At the boiling stage of cooling fluid, preferably make by the film formed bubble of ruined steam in cooling fluid evenly, promptly spread and disappear.Therefore, preferably before being converted to boiling stage, carry out strong agitation from the later stage that steam film begins the destructive steam film stage.In addition, with metal parts vertically in cooling fluid in the situation that vertical direction is arranged, guarantee that preferably by stirring the mobile direction that produces be vertical direction, with metal parts vertically in cooling fluid in the situation that horizontal direction is arranged, guarantee that preferably by stirring the mobile direction that produces be horizontal direction.
Subsidiary mentioning, method of cooling of the present invention can be advantageously utilised in the quench treatment and solutionizing processing of metal parts.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of making metal parts, it is characterized in that, this manufacture method comprises the step of heating of metal parts and by it is immersed in the cooling fluid this metal parts is carried out the refrigerative step behind the heating of metal parts, and it is characterized in that, in cooling step, formed steam film applies the pressure that changes repeatedly and destroys steam film when cooling fluid on metal part surface is vaporized, and need not to stir cooling fluid.
According to this manufacture method, can improve metal parts refrigerative homogeneity, make it be not easy to deform or produce soft spots.Therefore can obtain high precision, high-quality metal parts.
Subsidiary mentioning, in manufacture method of the present invention, identical with above-mentioned method of cooling, the example that steam film is applied repeatedly the method for the pressure that changes comprise to cooling fluid apply vibration method, change the liquid level pressure of cooling fluid method, apply the method for the pressure that changes repeatedly and the method for shaking metal parts by making up these two kinds of methods.
In addition, identical as the method that cooling fluid is applied vibration with above-mentioned method of cooling, can enumerate the method that makes one or more vibrator vibrations.
In addition, in manufacture method of the present invention, when adopting method that cooling fluid is applied vibration when steam film is applied the method for the pressure that changes repeatedly, identical with above-mentioned method of cooling, can regulate the amplitude of vibration and at least one side in the frequency according to the thickness of steam film and the state of cooling fluid.
In addition, in manufacture method of the present invention, preferred method of cooling is included in steam film and begins destroyed back and stir cooling fluid, so that the bubble that is formed by the destruction of steam film is diffused in the cooling fluid.At this moment, identical with above-mentioned method of cooling, preferably, regulate to agitation strength with by at least one side who stirs in the mobile direction that produces according to the state of metal parts in the state of cooling fluid and the cooling fluid.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of refrigerating unit of metal parts, it is characterized in that, this refrigerating unit is included in behind the heating of metal parts by it is immersed the unit that cools off described metal parts in cooling fluid, and it is characterized in that formed steam film applied the pressure that changes repeatedly when described cooling unit was vaporized to cooling fluid on metal part surface, and the destruction steam film, and need not to stir cooling fluid.
According to this refrigerating unit, can improve metal parts refrigerative homogeneity, make it be not easy to deform or produce soft spots.Therefore can obtain high precision, high-quality metal parts.
Subsidiary mentioning, in refrigerating unit of the present invention, identical with above-mentioned method of cooling, the example that steam film is applied repeatedly the method for the pressure that changes comprise to cooling fluid apply vibration method, change the liquid level pressure of cooling fluid method, apply the method for the pressure that changes repeatedly and the method for shaking metal parts by making up these two kinds of methods.In addition, the pressure that is applied on the steam film can be continually varying, also can be that similar impulse oscillation changes such intermittence.
In addition, identical as the method that cooling fluid is applied vibration in refrigerating unit of the present invention with above-mentioned method of cooling, can enumerate the method that makes one or more vibrator vibrations.
In addition, in refrigerating unit of the present invention, when adopting method that cooling fluid is applied vibration when steam film is applied the method for the pressure that changes repeatedly, identical with above-mentioned method of cooling, can regulate the amplitude of vibration and at least one side in the frequency according to the thickness of steam film and the state of cooling fluid.
In addition, in refrigerating unit of the present invention, preferably begin the above-mentioned cooling unit in destroyed back and stir cooling fluid, so that the bubble that is formed by the destruction of steam film is diffused in the cooling fluid at steam film.At this moment, preferably, regulate to agitation strength with by at least one side who stirs in the mobile direction that produces according to the state of metal parts in the state of cooling fluid and the cooling fluid.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that shows an example of employed refrigerating unit in the method for cooling of the metal parts relevant with the present invention;
Fig. 2 has shown the figure of the pressure change that is taken place in the cooling fluid when starting vibrating device in the refrigerating unit of this embodiment;
Fig. 3 has shown the figure of the pressure change that is taken place in the cooling fluid when starting agitator in the refrigerating unit of this embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation that shows another example of employed refrigerating unit in the method for cooling of the metal parts relevant with the present invention;
Fig. 5 has shown and has carried out the cooling chart to the side of the pole sample of being made by stainless steel of No. 4 cooling process No. 1; And
Fig. 6 has shown the cooling chart on the side of the pole sample of being made by stainless steel that has carried out No. 5 and No. 6 cooling process.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention are described below with reference to accompanying drawings.
In this embodiment, the situation to the metal parts of the refrigerating unit manufacturing by using the metal parts relevant with the present invention is described.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that shows an example of employed refrigerating unit in the method for cooling of the metal parts relevant with the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, this refrigerating unit the cooling tank 2 that fills cooling fluid 1 is equipped with, the container that holds metal parts 3, two vibrating devices 10, agitator 20 and controllers 30.On the top of this refrigerating unit, be furnished with the heating unit 40 of heating of metal parts.By using not shown jacking equipment, will be immersed in the middle part of cooling tank 2 with the container 3 at the metal parts place of these heating unit 40 heating.
Vibrating device 10 is equipped with an oscillating plate 11 and driver element 12, and described driver element 12 uses the frequency of specified amplitude and regulation, makes oscillating plate 11 produce vibration.Oscillating plate 11 is arranged in vertically near the side of container 3 in the cooling tank 2, makes its plate face towards container 3.When starting this vibrating device 10, oscillating plate 11 carries out the to-and-fro movement of level and produces vibration 4.To vibrate 4 is applied on the cooling fluid 1.By regulating two vibrating devices 10 frequency and amplitude separately, can apply by the vibration of two oscillating plates, 11 resonance generations or in the different vibration in container 3 both sides.
Strain gauge pressure sensor is installed in the cooling tank 2 of this refrigerating unit, in the situation of starting vibrating device 10 and agitator 20 separately, measures the pressure change that takes place in the cooling tank 2 internal cooling liquid 1.
Fig. 2 has shown that in frequency be under the condition of 40Hz, the graphic representation of the pressure change that takes place in the cooling fluid when starting the oscillating plate of vibrating device.Fig. 3 has shown that the upwards mobile flow velocity that produces reaches 30m in cooling fluid
3Under the condition of/h, the graphic representation of the pressure change that takes place in the cooling fluid when starting agitator.In the figure, the size (relative value) of the fluctuation width means pressure variety of the electromotive force of ordinate zou upper sensor, the mobile intensity (relative value) that is produced in the numeric representation cooling fluid of the electromotive force of transmitter.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, when starting vibrating device 10, this pressure change that is changed to about 0.02V of the electromotive force of transmitter occurs in cooling fluid repeatedly, and when starting agitator 20, hardly pressure change can take place in the cooling fluid.
The mobile ratio that is produced in cooling fluid 1 by vibrating device 10 starts a little less than the flowing that agitator 20 produced.Can determine from this fact, when starting vibrating device 10, can apply the pressure that changes repeatedly to cooling fluid 1, and can not produce strong flowing, and,, but not apply the pressure of variation though can in cooling fluid 1, form strong flowing by starting agitator 20.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation that shows another example of employed refrigerating unit in the method for cooling of the metal parts relevant with the present invention.
As shown in Figure 4, this refrigerating unit is equipped with the cooling tank 2 that fills cooling fluid 1, the container 3 that holds the metal parts that will carry out cooling process, gas is imported the gas introduction tube 5 of cooling tank 2, discharges the gas outlet pipe 6 of gas from cooling tank 2, wherein water screw 21 is arranged in the side in the cooling tank 2 and makes it towards the agitator 20 of vertical direction be arranged in cooling tank 2 controller outside 50.Identical with refrigerating unit shown among above-mentioned Fig. 1, will be immersed in the middle part of cooling tank 2 with the container 3 at the metal parts place of heating unit 40 heating.Subsidiary mentioning, the part identical with the refrigerating unit parts shown in above-mentioned Fig. 1 be with identical numeral, and omit the description to these parts.
Be connected magnetic valve 5a on the controller 50 by use, gas introduction tube 5 can import gas cooling tank 2.
Be connected magnetic valve 6a on the controller 50 by use, gas outlet pipe 6 can be discharged the gas in the cooling tank 2.
Make up controller 50 gas being imported cooling tank 2 continuously by the magnetic valve 5a that opens gas introduction tube 5, and repeated open and close the magnetic valve 6a of gas outlet pipe 6.So just can change the liquid level pressure of the cooling fluid 1 that has entered into cooling tank 2.In addition, making up controller 50 begins to begin to start agitator 20 when destroyed at steam film being used for.
In addition, make up controller 50 to be used to control the gas volume that imports by gas introduction tube 5, and come controlled opening and close opportunity of the magnetic valve 6a of gas outlet pipe 6 according to the state of steam film and cooling fluid 1, also be used for controlling the driver element 23 of agitator 20 according to the state of the metal parts of cooling fluid 1 and cooling fluid 1.
Have the refrigerating unit of said structure by use, utilize the method suitable method suitable with traditional method that metal parts is cooled off with utilization with embodiment of the present invention.
With the diameter that is heated to 830 ℃ is that the pole sample of being made by stainless steel (metal parts) of 12mm immerses in 70 ℃ the quenching oil (cooling fluid) 1, uses No. 1 to No. 5 method as follows to cool off.Subsidiary mentioning, at No. 1 in No. 3 and No. 5 and No. 6, by using the refrigerating unit shown in above-mentioned Fig. 1 (hereinafter referred to as " first refrigerating unit ") to cool off, and in No. 4, cool off by using the refrigerating unit shown in above-mentioned Fig. 4.Attach and mention that the amplitude that is applied to the vibration 4 of quenching oil 1 in first refrigerating unit is represented by the swing width of oscillating plate 11.Subsidiary mentioning, every kind of method all are stored in the algorithm in the controller 30,50 in advance and carry out automatically by carrying out.
In No. 1, at first start vibrating device 10, thereby make oscillating plate 11, and quenching oil 1 is applied this vibrated for 2 seconds with the frequency of 40Hz and the amplitude vibration of 4mm.Then, stop vibrating device 10, start agitator 20 simultaneously, thereby be 30m by flow velocity
3Stirring quenching oil 1 is sprayed in upwards flowing of/h.
In No. 2, start vibrating device 10, thereby make oscillating plate 11, and this vibration is applied on the quenching oil 1 with the frequency of 40Hz and the amplitude vibration of 4mm.
In No. 3, start vibrating device 10, thereby make oscillating plate 11 with the frequency of 40Hz and the amplitude vibration of 4mm, start agitator 20 simultaneously, thereby be 30m by flow velocity
3Stirring quenching oil 1 is sprayed in upwards flowing of/h.
In No. 4, open magnetic valve 5a, and nitrogen is imported in the cooling tank 2 continuously by gas introduction tube 5.Make the liquid level pressure of quenching oil 1 remain on 0.12Mpa, in 15 seconds time period, per second opens and closes the magnetic valve 6a twice of gas outlet pipe 6, thereby the pressure that is applied on the liquid level is changed repeatedly.
In No. 5, make quenching oil 1 carry out natural convection.
In No. 6, start agitator 20, thereby be 30m by flow velocity
3Stirring quenching oil 1 is sprayed in upwards flowing of/h.
In No. 1 to No. 6 cooling process, measure the temperature on the side of the pole sample of making by stainless steel, and make the cooling curve of each sample.The result as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.
Fig. 5 shown under No. 1 to No. 4 condition, the cooling curve on the side of the pole sample of being made by stainless steel.Fig. 6 shown under the condition of No. 5 and No. 6, the cooling curve on the side of the pole sample of being made by stainless steel.
As shown in Figure 5, stir by the injection of quenching oil 1 and carry out in No. 1 method of refrigerative relating to quenching oil 1 being applied vibration back, when sample being immersed in the quenching oil 1 back 1.9 seconds, take place to be cooled to rapid refrigerative and to change from gentle.This change point is called " characteristic point ".
Carry out No. 2 method of refrigerative and relate to by when spray stirring quenching oil 1 quenching oil 1 being applied vibration and being undertaken in No. 3 method of refrigerative relating to, all observed characteristic point back 2.7 seconds the time sample being immersed in quenching oil 1 by quenching oil 1 being applied vibration.
Carry out in No. 4 method of refrigerative relating to,, observed characteristic point sample being immersed in quenching oil 1 back 2.7 seconds the time by the liquid level pressure that changes quenching oil 1 repeatedly.
Can think, because in No. 2, quenching oil 1 is not sprayed stirring after quenching oil 1 is applied vibration, need the time to spread so destroy the bubble that forms by steam film, the time point the when result observes characteristic point will lag behind No. 1 time point.
In addition, can think, because in No. 3, cool off by when spraying stirring quenching oil 1, quenching oil 1 being applied vibration, so in cooling fluid, produced strong flowing, the even destruction that has stoped steam film, the time point the when result observes characteristic point will lag behind No. 1 time point.
In addition, can think, owing in No. 4, behind the liquid level pressure that changes quenching oil 1, quenching oil 1 is not sprayed stirring, need the time to spread so destroy the bubble that forms by steam film, the time point the when result observes characteristic point will lag behind No. 1 time point.
On the other hand, as shown in Figure 6, carry out in No. 5 method of refrigerative relating to, sample dip quench oil 1 back 3.8 seconds the time, is being observed characteristic point by the natural convection of quenching oil 1.Carry out in No. 6 method of refrigerative relating to, sample dip quench oil in the time of back 3.5 seconds, is being observed characteristic point by spray stirring quenching oil 1.
Can obviously find out from The above results, destroy steam film, and begin destroyed back stirring quenching oil 1, cool metal parts fast at steam film by not stirring quenching oil 1.
No. 1 characteristic point is the about high 20 ℃ temperature of characteristic point than No. 2 to No. 4, and this temperature is about higher 50 ℃ than the characteristic point of No. 5 and No. 6.By these results, when cooling off under No. 1 condition, the destruction that can determine steam film is by due to steam film stable destroyed, rather than because due to the metal part surface temperature descends.
Next, metal parts is carried out carburizing treatment, use method of the present invention then and use traditional method to cool off.Dimensional change following study of metal parts before and after thermal treatment.
At first prepare ring-shaped material (external diameter: 70mm, internal diameter: 55mm, the axial length: 40mm) made by SCM420.This ring-shaped material is arranged in by dropwise adding alcohol introduces in 920 ℃ the process furnace of reducing atmosphere, in vertical direction the axial arrangement of this material.Next, when under reducing atmosphere, adding propane gas, carry out 60 minutes carburizing treatment, make the carbon concentration in this atmosphere remain on 0.8% to this process furnace.Then, in process furnace, under reducing atmosphere, the temperature of ring-shaped material is reduced to 850 ℃.
Next, this ring-shaped material is transferred in the cooling tank 2 from heating unit shown in Figure 1 40.Fill 70 ℃ quenching oil (cooling fluid) 1 in this cooling tank 2, and the zone of quenching oil 1 top is remained in the non-oxidizing atmosphere.Ring-shaped material is immersed in this quenching oil 1.Under No. 10 to No. 15 condition, cool off.
In No. 10, start vibrating device 10, thereby make oscillating plate 11 with the frequency of 40Hz and the amplitude vibration of 4mm, quenching oil 1 is applied this vibration 60 seconds.
In o.11, start vibrating device 10, thereby make oscillating plate 11 with the frequency of 60Hz and the amplitude vibration of 2mm, quenching oil 1 is applied this vibration 60 seconds.
In No. 12, start vibrating device 10, thereby make oscillating plate 11 with the frequency of 40Hz and the amplitude vibration of 4mm, start agitator 20 simultaneously, thereby be 30m by flow velocity
3Upwards flowing of/h sprayed stirring 60 seconds with quenching oil 1.
In No. 13, at first, start vibrating device 10, thereby make oscillating plate 11 with the frequency of 40Hz and the amplitude vibration of 4mm, quenching oil 1 is applied this vibration 2 seconds.Then, stop vibrating device 10, start agitator 20 simultaneously, thereby be 30m by flow velocity
3Upwards flowing of/h sprayed stirring 60 seconds with quenching oil 1.
In No. 14, start agitator 20, thereby be 30m by flow velocity
3Upwards flowing of/h sprayed stirring 60 seconds with quenching oil 1.
In No. 15, make quenching oil 1 carry out natural convection, and ring-shaped material was immersed in this quenching oil 15 minutes.
For each ring-shaped material after the cooling process, measuring shaft to two terminal portionss and the external diameter and the out of roundness of middle portion, the variation of external diameter and out of roundness before and after the research thermal treatment.The result is as shown in table 1.
In table 1, indicate the external diameter numeric representation thermal treatment of "+" after size increase, and size reduces after indicating the external diameter numeric representation thermal treatment of "-".The maximum difference of dimensional change is also shown in the table 1 between top, middle part and the bottom.The maximum difference of external diameter is more little, and then the distortion difference of ring-shaped material on axially is more little after the thermal treatment.
As shown in table 1, stir the method for carrying out No. the 14th, refrigerative and relate to the method for carrying out No. the 15th, refrigerative and compare with relating to by the natural convection of quenching oil 1 by the injection of quenching oil 1, carry out in the method for refrigerative No. 10 to No. 13 relating to by quenching oil 1 being applied vibration, the maximum difference of external diameter is less.
In No. 13 methods of No. 10 method to the, quenching oil 1 is being applied vibration back and stirring by the injection of quenching oil 1 that to carry out in No. the 13rd, the refrigerative external diameter maximum difference very little relating to.Carry out in the refrigerative o.11 relating to by quenching oil 1 being applied the vibration with high frequency and little amplitude, the effect of vibration is less, compares with No. 13 with No. 10, No. 12, demonstrates bigger external diameter maximum difference.
No. 10 in No. 13, the variation of out of roundness is carried out refrigerative No. 14 less than relating to stirring by the injection of quenching oil 1, and obtains and relate to the out of roundness of carrying out same degree in No. the 15th, the refrigerative by the natural convection of quenching oil 1.
Can obviously find out from The above results, destroy steam film, and stir quenching oil, can improve the ununiformity of gained metal parts axial deformation by begin destroyed back at steam film by not stirring quenching oil.
[table 1]
Industrial applicibility
According to the present invention, the steam blanket that is formed on the metal part surface is applied the pressure that repeatedly changes Power is also destroyed steam blanket and be need not to stir cooling fluid, and the result does not produce strong flowing in cooling fluid. Therefore, even destruction steam blanket being become is easy to. Therefore, can improve metal parts cooling Uniformity makes it be not easy to deform or produce soft spots. As its result, be easy to obtain high-precision Degree and high-quality metal parts.
Claims (8)
1. one kind by immersing the method for cooling that carry out the refrigerative metal parts in the cooling fluid through the metal parts of heating, it is characterized in that, by described cooling fluid is applied vibration, change described cooling fluid liquid level pressure and by will to described cooling fluid apply vibration with the liquid level pressure that changes described cooling fluid any mode in combined come to when on the surface of described cooling fluid at described metal parts during vaporization formed steam film apply the pressure of variation repeatedly, thereby destroy described steam film, and need not to stir described cooling fluid.
2. the method for cooling of metal parts as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described vibration that is applied to described cooling fluid is provided by a plurality of vibrators.
3. the method for cooling of metal parts as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, according to the thickness of described steam film the amplitude of vibration and at least one side in the frequency is regulated.
4. the method for cooling of metal parts as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, according to the state of described cooling fluid the amplitude of vibration and at least one side in the frequency is regulated.
5. the method for cooling of metal parts as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, begins destroyed back at described steam film and stirs described cooling fluid, and the bubble that is formed by described steam film destruction is diffused in the described cooling fluid.
6. the method for cooling of metal parts as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, regulate to agitation strength with by at least one side in the mobile direction of described stirring generation according to the state of described cooling fluid and the state of the described metal parts in the described cooling fluid.
7. a method of making metal parts is characterized in that, this manufacture method may further comprise the steps: the heating of metal parts; Behind the described metal parts of heating, by described metal parts is immersed in the cooling fluid this metal parts is cooled off, wherein in cooling step, by described cooling fluid is applied vibration, change described cooling fluid liquid level pressure and by will to described cooling fluid apply vibration with the liquid level pressure that changes described cooling fluid any mode in combined come to when on the surface of described cooling fluid at described metal parts during vaporization formed steam film apply the pressure of variation repeatedly, thereby destroy described steam film, and need not to stir described cooling fluid.
8. the refrigerating unit of a metal parts, it is characterized in that, described refrigerating unit comprises and is used for by described metal parts is immersed cooling fluid this metal parts being carried out the refrigerative unit behind the heating of metal parts, wherein by described cooling fluid is applied vibration, change described cooling fluid liquid level pressure and by will to described cooling fluid apply vibration with the liquid level pressure that changes described cooling fluid any mode in combined come to when on the surface of described cooling fluid at described metal parts during vaporization formed steam film apply the pressure of variation repeatedly, thereby destroy described steam film, and need not to stir described cooling fluid.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP113326/2004 | 2004-04-07 | ||
| JP2004113326 | 2004-04-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1938435A CN1938435A (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| CN100497663C true CN100497663C (en) | 2009-06-10 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200580009904XA Expired - Fee Related CN100497663C (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2005-04-07 | Metal part cooling method, metal part producing method, and metal part cooling device |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070175549A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1736555B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2005098055A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100497663C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005098055A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006283049A (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | Method for producing steel material |
| AT512792B1 (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2013-11-15 | Voestalpine Schienen Gmbh | Process for the production of bainitic rail steels |
| CN104651584A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-27 | 鞍山市重型特钢板材加工有限公司 | Method and device for eliminating thermal-treatment quenching steam membrane |
| EP4077740A1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2022-10-26 | Autotech Engineering S.L. | Process and apparatus for cooling hot objects |
| CN111041188A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-21 | 盐城璟盛电线电缆有限公司 | Copper line annealing cooling body |
| CN111647727B (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2021-05-25 | 上海交通大学 | Water-cooling quenching device and quenching method for engine piston |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU815048A1 (en) * | 1978-06-09 | 1981-03-23 | Институт Механики Ан Украинской Сср | Tempering device |
| JPS5970715A (en) * | 1982-10-18 | 1984-04-21 | Koyo Seiko Co Ltd | Hardening method |
| SU1470785A1 (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1989-04-07 | Институт Механики Ан Усср | Apparatus for hardening articles |
| JPH0413808A (en) | 1990-05-02 | 1992-01-17 | Satoshi Watanabe | Quenching method by ultrasonic wave |
| JP3069748B2 (en) | 1991-07-11 | 2000-07-24 | 光洋サーモシステム株式会社 | Quenching method |
| JP4022705B2 (en) | 1999-02-18 | 2007-12-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Quenching method |
| JP4067712B2 (en) * | 1999-08-27 | 2008-03-26 | Ｄｏｗａホールディングス株式会社 | Hardening method of steel |
| JP2002146434A (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2002-05-22 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Heat treating method |
| JP3986864B2 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2007-10-03 | オリエンタルエンヂニアリング株式会社 | Quenching method and quenching apparatus |
| JP2005350756A (en) * | 2004-06-14 | 2005-12-22 | Nachi Fujikoshi Corp | Heat treatment apparatus |
-
2005
- 2005-04-07 CN CNB200580009904XA patent/CN100497663C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-07 US US10/593,360 patent/US20070175549A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-04-07 JP JP2006512121A patent/JPWO2005098055A1/en active Pending
- 2005-04-07 EP EP05728398.8A patent/EP1736555B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-07 WO PCT/JP2005/006872 patent/WO2005098055A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1736555B1 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
| JPWO2005098055A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
| WO2005098055A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
| CN1938435A (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| US20070175549A1 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
| EP1736555A1 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
| EP1736555A4 (en) | 2008-04-02 |
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