CN100491478C - 水可稀释缩合树脂作为颜料浓缩物水可稀释分散剂的用途 - Google Patents
水可稀释缩合树脂作为颜料浓缩物水可稀释分散剂的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100491478C CN100491478C CNB2004800209933A CN200480020993A CN100491478C CN 100491478 C CN100491478 C CN 100491478C CN B2004800209933 A CNB2004800209933 A CN B2004800209933A CN 200480020993 A CN200480020993 A CN 200480020993A CN 100491478 C CN100491478 C CN 100491478C
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Abstract
本发明涉及使用水可稀释缩合树脂AB作为颜料分散剂，其中该缩合树脂具有20毫克/克到180毫克/克的酸值并通过缩合组分A和聚酯B获得，该组分A含酸基并具有30毫克/克到240毫克/克的酸值，选自烯属不饱和单体的共聚物和通过不饱和脂族羧酸类二聚或低聚而获得的化合物，该聚酯B含羟基并具有20毫克/克到300毫克/克的羟值和500克/摩尔到5，000克/摩尔的数均分子量Mn。组分A在用于合成该缩合树脂AB的反应混合物中的质量分数为30%到90%，而组分B为70%到10%，前提条件是两种组分的总质量分数始终为100%。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及水可稀释缩合树脂作为颜料浓缩物分散剂的用途。
发明背景
水可稀释颜料浓缩物的分散剂通常衍生自铵盐、锍盐或环氧化物-胺加合物或包括聚乙二醇链段。这些已知的分散剂的缺点在于，由于它们的离子或潜离子结构或由于聚乙二醇结构，它们非常亲水性并因此不利地影响了涂层的耐水性和防腐性。尤其在具有空气干燥醇酸树脂体系的混合物中，会存在不相容性，而仅得到暗淡、无光泽的涂层。
因此，本发明的目的是提供能与水可稀释粘结剂进行配制的分散剂和获得具有极好防腐性的涂层。
发明概述
已经发现：含酸基并在中和之后是水可稀释的聚合物，其通过含酸基的组分A和含羟基的憎水性聚酯B的缩合来制备，尤其适合于分散在具有极好防腐性的涂层中使用的颜料混合物。
本发明因此涉及水可稀释缩合树脂AB作为颜料分散剂的用途，其中该缩合树脂具有20毫克/克到180毫克/克的酸值并通过一方面组分A和聚酯B的缩合获得，该组分A含酸基并具有30毫克/克到240毫克/克的酸值，选自烯属不饱和单体的共聚物和通过不饱和脂族羧酸的二聚或低聚而获得的化合物，该聚酯B含羟基并具有20毫克/克到300毫克/克的羟值和500克/摩尔到5,000克/摩尔的数均分子量Mn，组分A在用于合成该缩合树脂AB的反应混合物中的质量分数为30％到90％，而组分B为70％到10％，前提条件是两种组分的总质量分数始终为100％。
酸值根据DIN 53 402定义为中和被分析样品所需要的氢氧化钾的质量mKOH与该样品的质量mB(就溶液或分散体而言，为样品中固体的质量)之比；它的常用单位是“毫克/克”。
羟值根据DIN 53 240定义为与被分析样品具有相同羟基数的氢氧化钾的质量mKOH与该样品的质量mB(就溶液或分散体而言，为样品中固体的质量)之比；它的常用单位是“毫克/克”。
适合的组分A为烯属不饱和单体的含酸基的共聚物，并具有30毫克/克到240毫克/克的共聚物酸值。例如，丙烯酸酯共聚物型的这类含酸基的聚合物描述在EP-A0496079和EP-A0295403中。
此类共聚物优选制备在于所使用的烯属不饱和单体至少之一(即A1)带有至少一个酸基，优选羧基。这些单体A1中的一种或多种与一种或多种不含酸基的单体A2一同聚合。在聚合期间改变单体混合物的组成也是可能的。通过适当的选择单体的特性和用量可容易地获得希望的酸值。
优选所使用的含酸基的单体A1是具有3到13碳原子的α，β-不饱和羧酸或α，β-不饱和脂族二羧酸的单烷基酯，烷基中具有1到20个碳原子。还能以非酯化形式使用烯属不饱和二羧酸，如马来酸、衣康酸、中康酸、柠康酸和二氢粘康酸。适合的不饱和羧酸是丙烯酸的和甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸和异巴豆酸、乙烯基乙酸、3-丙基丙烯酸和2-辛烯酸。适合的不饱和二羧酸的单烷基酯是单甲基、单乙基、单丙基和单丁基酯，如马来酸单甲酯、富马酸单乙酯、中康酸单丁酯和反式-3-己烯二酸单丙酯。优选，基于单体混合物的质量，这些含酸基的单体以10％到33％的质量分数使用。
不含酸基的单体A2选自：一元α，β-不饱和脂族羧酸的烷基酯，其在酸组分中具有3到7个碳原子且在烷基组分中具有1到20，优选1到12个碳原子；α，β-不饱和脂族二羧酸的二烷基酯，其在酸组分中具有4到8个碳原子且在烷基组分中具有1到20，优选1到12个碳原子；所述各种酸的腈；所述一元α，β-不饱和脂族羧酸的羟烷基酯，其在酸组分中具有3到7个碳原子且在羟烷基组分中具有2到20个碳原子，还包括数均聚合度为2到50的低聚-氧化亚烷基二醇单酯，它们的亚烷基选自亚乙基和1，2-亚丙基及其混合物；和乙烯基芳烃，如苯乙烯和乙烯基甲苯；和具有2到20个碳原子的饱和脂族线形和支化单羧酸的乙烯基酯，如乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯和叔碳酸乙烯酯(versatate)。基于A1和A2的单体混合物的质量，单体A2以67％到90％的质量分数使用。
具有14到30个碳原子的单或多不饱和脂肪酸或它们与在烷基中具有1到20个碳原子的脂族醇形成的酯也可任选地用作进一步的单体A3。适合的单体A3的实例是油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、蓖麻油酸(ricinenicacid)和这些酸的混合物，如红花油脂肪酸、豆油脂肪酸、亚麻子油脂肪酸、棉子油脂肪酸、向日葵油脂肪酸和妥尔油脂肪酸以及它们的酯。这些单体A3在A1、A2和A3的单体混合物中的质量分数则是0％到50％。
通过已知方法进行单体混合物的聚合，优选通过自由基引发聚合。能使用的引发剂是已知过氧化物、过酸和它们的衍生物、偶氮化合物以及氧化和还原剂对(即氧化还原催化剂)、还有过渡金属(如铁、铈或锰)的盐。该聚合可在溶液、乳液或本体中进行。
同样适合作为组分A的二聚和低聚的不饱和脂族羧酸通过具有6到30个碳原子的单或多不饱和脂肪酸的二聚或低聚来制备。通过用金属氧化物催化而制备的具有16到24，尤其是18个碳原子的不饱和脂肪酸的线形、支化和环状二和三聚物的混合物是优选的。
含羟基并具有20毫克/克到300毫克/克的羟值和500克/摩尔到5,000克/摩尔，优选1,000克/摩尔到3,000克/摩尔的数均分子量的聚酯适合作为组分B。此类聚酯B通过以下物质缩合获得：
B1具有2到20个碳原子的二羟基脂族线形、支化或环状醇，和/或具有4到20个碳原子的1，2-环氧化物与
B2具有4到40个碳原子的单或二元脂族或芳族羧酸。
所述组分B1和B2的反应活性衍生物(酯、酸酐等)也可以代替这些组分使用或与这些组分构成混合物使用。
在这里，组分B1至多10％的物质的量分数可被具有3到20个碳原子的脂族线形、支化或环状醇(它们是三元醇比三元醇更高的醇)取代。组分B2至多10％的物质的量分数同样能被三或多元脂族或芳族羧酸取代。聚酯也可以与共同使用的质量分数至多15％的羟基羧酸B3(每个分子包括至少一个羟基和至少一个羧基)缩合。
例如，能被使用的醇B1优选是乙二醇、1，2-和1，3-丙二醇、1，4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、1，6-已二醇、1，2-和1，4-二羟基环己烷、3，4-二乙基-3，4-己二醇和1，4-双(羟甲基)环己烷，在每种情况下，可单独使用或以混合物使用。尤其优选乙二醇、新戊二醇和1，2-丙二醇。
优选所使用的二元羧酸B2是己二酸、琥珀酸、癸二酸、环己烷二羧酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二酸和对苯二甲酸、磺酰二苯甲酸、二苯醚-二羧酸和同分异构的萘二羧酸、以及二聚脂肪酸，其通过作为非环和环状二羧酸的混合物的不饱和脂肪酸(例如妥尔油脂肪酸)的催化二聚合来制备。也可以使用单或多不饱和脂族二羧酸，如马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸、与中康酸或山梨酸。尤其优选己二酸、马来酸、与同分异构的苯二甲酸，在每种情况下，单独或以混合物使用。适合的一元酸是苯甲酸或脂肪酸，如硬脂酸。
适合羟基羧酸B3是乳酸、二羟甲基丙酸、酒石酸、外消旋酒石酸、羟基乙酸、二羟基琥珀酸和苹果酸。该组分也可以包括若干适合物质的混合物。
该聚酯按照已知方式通过在本体或在溶液中对反应物B1到B3或它们的酯-形成衍生物(如酸的甲酯或卤化物或酸酐或醇的乙酸酯)进行缩聚制备。可使用已知的酯交换催化剂来加速反应。
根据本发明的树脂AB通过在高温下，优选在100℃到220℃，优选以熔体，使组分A和B反应来制备而不添加溶剂，但也可以任选地以至多20％的质量分数添加在反应条件下为惰性的溶剂，基于组分A和B和溶剂的总质量。反应进行到A和B缩合产物的酸值达到20毫克/克到180毫克/克的值为止。在该缩合反应期间，会形成少量在反应温度下逸出的水。也优选使用和水不混溶和与水形成共沸混合物的溶剂通过共沸蒸馏除去水。
用这一方法制备的树脂AB任选地在添加少量水可稀释溶剂之后用水性碱(优选氨溶液或胺)进行中和。在本文中，碱的用量经选择满足中和至少树脂一半的酸基。然而，优选中和是完全的。然后通过添加水将混合物进一步稀释到优选为20％到60％，尤其优选30％到50％的固体质量分数。还可以调节中和剂的浓度使得同时进行稀释和中和。以这种方法获得了已中和树脂的水溶液或分散体。
根据本发明制备的树脂AB在中和之后是水可稀释的。它们极其适合作为制备低-溶剂和无溶剂颜料糊的分散剂。它们具有较高颜料-结合能力且存储稳定，在由它们制备的颜料糊中，它们在存储期间不会改变或基本上不会改变它们的粘度。这些颜料糊可容易地引入水性粘结剂中。与直接用颜料着色的漆相比，漆性能不会受到不利影响。
缩合树脂AB可以以30克到300克颜料每100克缩合树脂的质量比与颜料混合。
根据所使用的颜料的特性，颜料浓缩物可使用根据本发明所使用的树脂制备；就无机颜料而言，100克颜料浓缩物包括40克到70克颜料、5克到20克缩合树脂、任选地至多10克润湿剂和至多10克溶剂；就有机颜料而言，100克颜料浓缩物包括20克到40克颜料、5克到40克缩合树脂、任选地至多10克润湿剂和至多10克溶剂；就包括炭黑的颜料浓缩物而言，每100克浓缩物的组成有利地是15克到30克炭黑、10克到30克缩合树脂、任选地至多10克润湿剂和至多10克溶剂。在本文中，浓缩物在每种情况下通过添加水达到总质量为100克止。
将用以下实施例解释本发明，而不是限制它于其范围内。
在以下实施例中，如在上文中一样，所有具有单位“％”的数据是质量分数，除非另有说明。“份”始终是质量份。以“％”的浓度数据是溶液中所溶解的物质的质量分数。
实施例
1共聚物AI到AIV和聚酯BV和BVI的制备
1.1 共聚物AI的制备
将30份亚麻子油脂肪酸和5份二甲苯加热到135℃到140℃。在该温度下，于6到8小时的时间内，同时均匀地添加32份甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、6份过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、1份过氧化二苯酰(在作为载体的邻苯二甲酸二环己酯上，50％的浓度)和5份二甲苯的混合物。当添加结束时，维持该反应温度直到残基测定得出至少95％的聚合转化率。共聚物具有209毫克/克的酸值和5.5立方厘米/克的施陶丁格指数(以二甲基甲酰胺作为溶剂)。
1.2 共聚物AII到AIV的制备
按照已知方式通过在异丙醇中的溶液聚合(对应于50％的所计算的固体质量分数)制备共聚物AII到AIV。所使用的单体的数量比率和获得的共聚物的特征值概括在表1中。
表1 共聚物的组成
对所使用的物质来说，所给出的数值是以％的质量分数，在每种情况下，总数为100％。
1.3 聚酯BV和BVI(组分B)的制备
通过恒共沸缩合制备聚酯BV和BVI，其中添加大约50克甲苯作为夹带剂。缩合进行到酸值低于5毫克/克为止。聚酯的组成(用于缩聚以克计的质量)参见表2。
表2 聚酯的组成
2 缩合树脂(分散剂D1到D7)的制备
实施例2.1到2.7
根据表3的用量比率将共聚物A和聚酯B引入适合的反应容器中。伴随搅拌，逐渐使配料达到200℃的循环温度，并保持该温度直到达到给定的酸值。在除去溶剂之后，用乙二醇单丁醚调节配料到固体质量分数为87％，并在水中于50℃乳化(添加N，N-二甲基乙醇胺)。胺和水的用量经选择满足使得得到8.2到8.8的乳液pH值和35％的固体质量分数。以这种方法制备的分散剂溶液是乳状到透明的液体。
表3 缩合树脂AB的制备
(与起始产品的用量有关的所有数据是固体物质组分的质量分数，且总和是100％)
| 实施例 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.7 |
| 分散剂 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 |
| 共聚物A | AI60 | AII50 | AIII90 | AIV80 | AI70 | AII65 | AIV75 |
| 聚酯B | BV40 | BVI50 | BV10 | BVI20 | BVI30 | BV35 | BV25 |
| 酸值(毫克/克) | 91 | 68 | 135 | 73 | 115 | 126 | 68 |
3 作为颜料分散剂的缩合产物的漆性能测试
根据表4中的数据，在玻珠研磨机上分散在以下分散剂配制料中的给定用量的具体颜料，然后对配制料进行存储稳定性测试。
250.0份实施例给出的分散剂，在水中的浓度为35％
22.0份
VXW 6374(润湿剂)
4.0份
VXW 4973(消泡剂)
77.0份水
———
353.0份颜料糊配制料
表4 颜料糊
来自Clariant Deutschland GmbH(1-4)的颜料
来自Kronos Titan(5)的颜料
来自Dayer AG(6)的颜料
来自Degussa AG(7)的颜料
来自BASF AG(8-10)的颜料
储存测试：在室温下存储3个月
OK：状况良好；SS：稍微沉积
可以看出用根据本发明的分散剂制备的糊料是存储稳定的并且具有较高的颜料结合能力。
4 漆测试
使用颜料糊P2和颜料糊P5，以表5给出的颜料质量(mp)与粘结剂质量(mB)的比率使用各种水性粘结剂制漆。
表5 漆
| 漆号 | L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 |
| 粘结剂 | a | b | c | d | b | a |
| 颜料糊 | P5 | P5 | P2 | P5 | P2 | P2 |
| mP/mB | 1:1 | 1:1 | 0.2:1 | 1:1 | 0.2:1 | 0.2:1 |
粘结剂a是水性乳液形成的氧化干燥、丙烯酸-改性的醇酸树脂 AY586w，Cytec Surface Spec ialties Aus tr ia GmbH)，粘结剂b是水性乳液形成的氧化干燥、氨-中和的丙烯酸-醇酸树脂杂混体系(
VAY6278w，Cytec Surface Specialties AustriaGmbH)，
粘结剂c是环氧树脂-改性、非干燥醇酸树脂(
AX246w，Cytec Surface Specialties Austria GmbH)，其用胺中和后是水可稀释的，
粘结剂d是双组分聚氨酯体系的羟基官能化，胺中和丙烯酸系树脂乳液(
VSM6285w，Cytec Surface Specialties AustriaGmbH)。
用这些漆料涂覆钢板(湿膜厚度为150lm)。
在涂覆之后，在氧化干燥漆料测试板上，在室温下(RT，23℃)存储48小时之后用来自BYK的角反射仪测定光泽度和雾度，在室温下存储一天和七天之后测定
摆撞硬度(DIN 53157)。在RT下存储7天之后，在干层厚度为30μm到35μm的涂层上通过根据DIN EN ISO 1520的压痕试验和通过根据ASTM D2794的冲击试验对涂层的机械稳定性进行评价。
在涂覆之后空气干燥10分钟、在80℃干燥10分钟然后在130℃烘烤20分钟基于烘干型(
AX 246)的测试板。在烘干之后一小时，进行测试。
在涂覆之后空气干燥10分钟然后在80℃强制干燥30分钟基于双组分聚氨酯型(
VSM6285w)的测试板。次日进行测试。
作为对比，在每种情况下，使用涂覆有相同粘结剂的直接用颜料着色的对比漆C1到C5(没有分散剂)的钢板。漆测试的结果概括在表6中。
表6 漆测试
0：L和C样品间没有差别
+：在测试中L样品好于C样品至多10％
++：在测试中L样品好于C样品10％以上
-：在测试中L样品比C样品差至多10％
--：在测试中L样品比C样品差10％以上
抗腐蚀性测试
抗腐蚀性通过以下方式评价：在40℃在水中存储(根据ISO 2812T2)、根据DIN 53210的潮湿室耐性(在热带条件下测试)、在基于水性环氧丙烯酸树脂杂混乳液(
VAX6267w，Cytec SurfaceSpecialties Austria GinbH)的防蚀底漆中的盐雾测试(根据DIN ENISO 7253)。
程序：将所需量的分散剂添加到研磨配料的颜料混合物中以获得易研磨稠度的糊料。如果有必要的话，通过添加另外的水来调节粘度。在溶解器中分散包括颜料的混合物30分钟，然后用漆成(completion)混合物完成底漆配制料，均化该混合物10分钟，如果有必要的话，用另外的水将粘度调节到80mPa·s到120mPa·s。
表7 耐腐蚀测试的漆配制料
研磨配料：
水 10份
分散剂 参见以下
成漆混合物：
制造商：
1)Bayer AG，2)Heubach，3)Omya GmbH，4)Norwegian Talc，5)Cytec Surface Specialties Austria GmbH
所测试的分散剂：
使用根据本发明的分散剂D1(20份，35％的浓度)(来自实施例2.1)进行测试。
对于对比C1，直接以粘结剂(70份，40％的浓度)进行研磨，在玻珠研磨机上进行分散(持续时间为1小时)以获得足够分散的成品。
对比C2是基于丙烯酸酯的阴离子分散剂(10份，35％的浓度； 681，Rohm & Haas)。
对比C3是聚醚-改性分散剂(8.8份，40％的浓度，
Byk)。
对于水中存储和潮湿箱测试，在EC粘结板上刮涂(drawn)150lm的湿膜，在水中存储之前的干燥时间为24小时，而该潮湿箱试验在1星期的干燥时间之后进行。对于盐雾测试(DIN EN ISO 7253)，施用底漆到已涂覆的EC粘结板，在干燥一星期之后，横切并测试。
结果：
结果概括在表8中。
表8 耐腐蚀试验的结果
| 样品 | 水中存储 | 潮湿箱试验 | 盐水喷雾试验 |
| 实施例E1 | ++ | ++ | + |
| 对比C1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 对比C2 | -- | - | 0 |
| 对比C3 | - | -- |
评级方案
0：样品和C1样品间没有差别
+：在测试中样品好于C1样品至多10％
++：在测试中样品好于C1样品10％以上
-：在测试中样品比C1样品差至多10％
--：在测试中样品C1样品差10％以上
从这些结果可以看出：使用根据本发明分散剂有可以制备一系列各种各样的低-溶剂颜料糊并可以用颜料将具有极好性能的防腐蚀漆着色，而不会对漆的性能特性造成不利影响。
Claims (7)
1.使用水可稀释缩合树脂AB作为颜料分散剂的方法，包括混合所述颜料和所述缩合树脂AB，其中该缩合树脂具有20毫克/克到180毫克/克的酸值并通过组分A和聚酯B在100-220℃的温度下在形成少量水的缩合获得，该组分A含酸基并具有30毫克/克到240毫克/克的酸值，选自烯属不饱和单体的共聚物和通过不饱和脂族羧酸的二聚或低聚获得的化合物，其中所述共聚物通过单体A1、单体A2和单体A3的共聚制备，该单体A1带有至少一个酸基且选自具有3-13碳原子的α，β-不饱和羧酸或α，β-不饱和脂族二羧酸的单烷基酯，该烷基中具有1-20碳原子；单体A2不含酸基；且单体A3是具有14-30碳原子的单或多不饱和脂肪酸或其与在烷基中具有1-20碳原子的脂族醇形成的酯，该聚酯B含羟基并具有20毫克/克到300毫克/克的羟值和500克/摩尔到5000克/摩尔的数均分子量Mn，其中聚酯B由具有2-20碳原子的二羟基脂族线形、支化或环状醇B1与具有4-40碳原子的单或二元脂族羧酸的缩聚获得，组分A在用于合成该缩合树脂AB的反应混合物中的质量分数为30％到90％，而组分B为70％到10％，前提条件是两种组分的总质量分数始终为100％。
2.权利要求1的使用方法，其中单体A3选自油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、蓖麻油酸、和红花油脂肪酸、豆油脂肪酸、亚麻子油脂肪酸、棉子油脂肪酸、向日葵油脂肪酸和妥尔油脂肪酸以及它们的酯。
3.权利要求1的使用方法，其特征在于含酸基的单体A1选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和烷基中具有1到20个碳原子的不饱和二羧酸的单烷基酯。
4.权利要求1的使用方法，其特征在于单体A1在单体A1、A2和A3的混合物中的质量分数为10％到33％。
5.权利要求1的使用方法，其特征在于含羟基的聚酯B是二羟基脂族醇B1和脂族羧酸B2的缩聚物，其中新戊二醇用作二羟基脂族醇且己二酸用作脂族二羧酸。
6.权利要求1的使用方法，其特征在于在与颜料混合之前中和并在水中分散该缩合树脂AB。
7.权利要求1的使用方法，其特征在于缩合树脂AB以30克到300克颜料每100克缩合树脂的质量比与颜料混合。
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| CN1185464A (zh) * | 1996-12-16 | 1998-06-24 | 大日精化工业株式会社 | 颜料分散剂、颜料分散液和滤色器用颜料分散液 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| ES2294523T3 (es) | 2008-04-01 |
| CA2532643C (en) | 2012-12-04 |
| ATA11592003A (de) | 2004-08-15 |
| NO20060887L (no) | 2006-04-24 |
| CA2532643A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
| WO2005012439A1 (de) | 2005-02-10 |
| ATE376035T1 (de) | 2007-11-15 |
| JP2006528251A (ja) | 2006-12-14 |
| JP2011068915A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
| EP1654330A1 (de) | 2006-05-10 |
| CN1826390A (zh) | 2006-08-30 |
| DE502004005282D1 (de) | 2007-11-29 |
| AT412474B (de) | 2005-03-25 |
| US20060183854A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
| ZA200600574B (en) | 2007-01-31 |
| EP1654330B1 (de) | 2007-10-17 |
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