CN100487970C - Multilayer distributed battery managing system based on CAN bus - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The multiple layers distribution type battery management system includes one upper layer battery management ECU (electric control unit) and multiple lower layer battery management ECUs. Characters are that connection between one upper layer battery management ECU and multiple lower layer battery management ECUs is realized through lower layer CAN bus network. The invented battery management system provides functions of estimating charged state of battery, controlling temperature of battery package through air-cooling, and balanced controlling consistency of battery parameters. Features of the invention are: compact connection between inside and outside, high anti-interference, and high reliability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of battery management system of electric vehicles, particularly a kind of distributed battery management system specifically is a kind of multilayer distributed battery management system based on the CAN bus.
Background technology
In the face of environmental pollution, global warming, energy starved pressure, national governments, enterprise drop into a large amount of man power and materials electric motor car are researched and developed.Three kinds of electric motor cars of current research and development have pure electric vehicle, hybrid-power electric vehicle, fuel cell electric vehicle.Storage battery becomes electric motor car supplementary energy or main source of energy inevitably.Power accumulator commonly used has lead-acid battery, Ni-MH battery and lithium ion battery, and they have, and capacity is big, volume is little, dynamic property characteristics preferably, thereby becomes the first-selected electrokinetic cell of electric motor car research and development.Usually compose in series 1 batteries by 10 cell batteries, a plurality of batteries serial connections constitute power brick (deciding on the on-board high-voltage value).In the electric motor car use, the overcharging of storage battery, the damage that overdischarge will cause the deterioration of battery performance, and reduce battery life greatly.And how can be according to the characteristic of used battery, it is used safely and effectively is the key that is designed to of battery management system BMS (Battery Management System).BMS is responsible for detecting in real time and controlling the temperature of each battery pack in the power brick on the one hand, and when the power brick temperature was too high, drive fan was the power brick cooling.Be responsible for estimating in real time current battery capacity, i.e. state-of-charge SOC (State of Charge), and each battery pack carried out electric voltage equalization, judge whether to occur undesired battery unit, the concurrent alert signal of delivering newspaper.The accuracy of SOC estimating and measuring method has become one of bottleneck of electric motor car research and development, does not worldwide all obtain important breakthrough.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of optical fiber CAN (Control Area Network controller local area network) bus network interface of communicating by letter with outside other ECU (electronic control unit) that has is provided, internal system adopts the multilayer distributed battery management system of twisted-pair feeder CAN bus communication based on the CAN bus, to overcome above-mentioned defective.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: the present invention includes a upper strata battery management ECU (electronic control unit) and a plurality of lower layer battery ECU, in order to realize the detection of each battery voltage, the voltage output end of each battery pack is connected with the voltage detecting input of corresponding lower layer battery ECU, in order to realize the detection of each battery pack temperature, on each battery pack temperature sensor has been installed, the output of each battery pack temperature transducer is connected with the temperature detection input of corresponding lower layer battery ECU, output at the integral battery door bag also is connected with voltage sensor and the current sensor that is used to detect integral battery door output, the output of these two transducers respectively with the voltage of upper strata battery management ECU, the current detecting input connects, and is characterized in: connect by the CAN bus network between a upper strata battery management ECU (electronic control unit) and a plurality of lower layer battery ECU (electronic control unit);
Above-mentioned upper strata battery management ECU is by a CAN1 chip (as SJA1000), A/D (mould/number) transducer, clock and power-off protecting circuit and DSP (digital signal processor) microcontroller that embeds CAN2 constitute, wherein the data/address bus D0-D7 of DSP microcontroller links to each other with the address/data bus AD0-AD7 of CAN1 chip respectively, real-time clock (RTC) DS12887 chip also is the device of 8 bit address data/address bus time-sharing multiplexs, its read-write access mode is identical with SJA1000 in the system, same with the peripheral I/O bus of its carry in DSP, real-time clock (RTC) is mainly used in power down protection SOC result, and writing time, guarantee the accuracy of SOC algorithm, the DSP microcontroller is exported control signal by built-in CAN2 chip by the optical fiber CAN communication module, the input of A/D converter is connected with current sensor output Ui with integral battery door bag voltage sensor output Us, and CAN1 chip and the CAN of lower floor bus network are carried out both-way communication;
Above-mentioned DSP microcontroller is also exported a fan control signal that is used for the storage battery cooling, exports a control signal that is used for the balanced control of storage battery;
Above-mentioned each lower layer battery ECU (electronic control unit) is made of microcontroller P89C591, a photoisolator that embeds CAN3, wherein six analog input ends of microcontroller P89C591 connect the voltage signal of each battery pack, one data lines links to each other with the battery pack temperature measuring-signal, and its output is carried out both-way communication by the CAN3 that embeds through photoisolator and the CAN of inner twisted pairs lower floor bus network;
Above-mentioned upper strata CAN bus network is the Active Optical Fiber stellate reticulum, and the CAN of lower floor bus network is a twisted-pair feeder CAN bus network.
The present invention has the optical fiber CAN bus network interface of communicating by letter with outside other ECU; For realizing the collection of battery characteristics parameter, be provided with a plurality of analog quantity inputs, they are respectively: storage battery total voltage signal, storage battery output current signal, each battery voltage signal, cell body surface temperature signal; Battery heat radiation for the benefit of realizes the battery fan control, is provided with the digital quantity delivery outlet of a fan control; For realizing battery balanced control, be provided with a balanced control figure amount delivery outlet; Battery management system hardware comprises a upper strata battery management ECU (electronic control unit) and a plurality of lower layer battery ECU (number of the ECU of lower floor is by the quantity decision of battery pack in the power brick); Upper strata battery management ECU and a plurality of lower layer battery ECU form inner CAN net, adopt bottom twisted-pair feeder CAN bus network to communicate.Upper strata battery management ECU communicates by letter with other node ECU through upper strata optical fiber CAN network by the optical fiber CAN interface.Upper strata battery management ECU and lower layer battery ECU have all adopted embedded microprocessor.Embedded microprocessor among the battery management ECU of upper strata is realized the collection and the A/D conversion of storage battery total voltage, current information, battery SOC (battery charge state) algorithm; Flush bonding processor among the lower layer battery ECU is realized the voltage of battery pack and temperature signal are carried out the A/D conversion.The CAN bus network communication is all adopted in inside and outside the communication of multilayer distributed battery management system that the present invention is based on the CAN bus, makes inside and outside line of this system all succinct, and strong interference immunity.Owing to the algorithm that native system adopts open circuit voltage and ampere-hour integration to combine, estimate the residual capacity SOC of storage battery more accurately.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural principle block diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the circuit structure diagram of upper strata battery management ECU.
Fig. 3 is the circuit structure diagram of lower layer battery ECU.
The circuit structure diagram of Fig. 4 optical fiber CAN bus communication.
Fig. 5 digital temperature sensor interface circuit figure.
The SOC algorithm flow chart of Fig. 6 embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but this embodiment should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention as shown in Figure 1, it has the optical fiber CAN interface of communicating by letter with other ECU in the electric motor car, for realizing the collection of battery characteristics parameter, be provided with a plurality of analog quantity inputs, they are respectively: storage battery total voltage signal, storage battery output current signal, each battery voltage signal, each battery surface temperature signal; Battery heat radiation for the benefit of realizes the battery fan control, is provided with the digital quantity delivery outlet of a fan control; For guaranteeing the consistency of battery parameter, realize battery balanced control, be provided with a balanced control figure amount delivery outlet.
It comprises a upper strata battery management ECU (electronic control unit) and 4 lower layer battery ECU the present invention; Power brick used in the present invention is made of 24 battery pack.System realizes that battery pack information detects, i.e. lower layer battery ECU to lower layer battery ECU of per 6 battery pack configuration
1-ECU
44 lower layer battery ECU and upper strata battery management ECU form a twisted-pair feeder CAN bus network.Upper strata battery management ECU is two CAN controller architectures, CAN1 controller and lower layer battery ECU form the twisted-pair feeder CAN network of battery management system inside, other ECU forms car load optical fiber CAN bus network in another embedded type C AN2 controller and the car, its network topology structure is a star, transmission medium is a plastic fiber, and all CAN networks all adopt the CAN2.0B host-host protocol.
As shown in Figure 2, the upper strata battery management ECU of the embodiment of the invention mainly by the DSP control unit, extend out CAN controller unit, A/D sampling unit, real-time clock (RTC) and power down protection unit and form.The chip that DSP adopts is TMS320LF2407, and extending out CAN1 control model is SJA1000, and 12 high accuracy double integration A/D converter ICL7109 that A/D adopts, real-time clock (RTC) and power down protection adopt chip DS12887 to finish in the lump.In the present embodiment, the interface of three kinds of devices and DSP all adopts the I/O bus access mode of DSP more than.Wherein all adopted the method for carrying out timing simulation by the I/O mouth for the read-write of CAN1 controller SJA1000 and real-time clock (RTC) and power down protection employing chip DS12887.
As shown in Figure 3, the embedded microcontroller that lower layer battery ECU adopted of the embodiment of the invention is the P87C591 single-chip microcomputer, its internal hardware is integrated CAN controller and A/D analog-to-digital conversion module.6 battery pack of each battery pack ECU management, its function is the voltage and the temperature information of 6 battery pack of measurement, and this information is sent to upper strata battery management ECU by twisted-pair feeder CAN bus.The voltage of 6 tunnel battery pack is connected to 6 road A/D input ports of embedded microcontroller P87C591 respectively behind the overvoltage modulate circuit.The holding wire of No. 6 temperature sensors is connected to the same road I/O mouth of embedded microcontroller P87C591.
As shown in Figure 4, integrated CAN2 controller and interior other ECU of car of dsp chip forms upper strata optical fiber CAN bus network among the battery management ECU of upper strata, and communication media adopts plastic fiber.The transmission pin TX end of this CAN2 controller strengthens driving force by 75451 chips, links to each other with plastic fiber through electrooptic conversion module HFBR1528 then.Other ECU signal becomes the reception pin RX end that the signal of telecommunication is connected to the CAN2 controller through Optical Fiber Transmission by photoelectric conversion module HFBR2528.
As shown in Figure 5, the temperature sensor that is adopted in the embodiment of the invention is one-line digital temperature sensor, and model is DS18B20.The precision of this transducer is ± 0.5 ℃, and the temperature transition of its 12 bit pattern resolution as a result is 0.0625 ℃.This transducer line is simple, has 3 lines, is respectively power line, ground wire and data wire.In each lower layer battery ECUi, the temperature sensor on 6 battery pack is hung over simultaneously on the I/O mouth of 1 single-chip microcomputer P89C591, distinguish by the ID that chip solidified.Adopt this temperature sensor to make that the line between battery and the management system is succinct.
As shown in Figure 6 be the software flow pattern of the SOC algorithm of the embodiment of the invention.The SOC algorithm is divided into two parts in the present embodiment.A part is the initial capacity value Cap of estimation SOC, the capacity when promptly battery is started working.Another part is battery operated middle estimation SOC value.Because selected Ni-MH battery capacity is 12Ah, 12Ah discharged 1 hour under 12 Ampere currents.Be convenience of calculation, the total capacity of 12Ah is converted into CapO=43200 ampere-second.Because the open circuit voltage and the SOC value of battery have certain corresponding relation during stable state.Definition SOC value is: (1) initial capacity estimation algorithm: when battery was not worked in 12 hours, adopt open circuit voltage estimation SOC initial capacity, otherwise adopt the SOC value of preserving before outage last time as the battery initial capacity.(2) dynamic capacity estimation algorithm: when battery is in running status, with the initial capacity is the battery capacity initial value, adopt the dynamic capacity of ampere-hour integration method (or claiming the electric weight accumulative) estimation SOC, every 200ms carries out an electric weight accumulation, determines the current capacity of battery dynamic duty.
Through reality test, the battery management system of the embodiment of the invention has that the inside and outside line of system is succinct, and working stability is reliable, and this SOC algorithm is more accurate to the estimation result of SOC value.
The content that is not described in detail in this specification belongs to this area professional and technical personnel's known prior art.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of multilayer distributed battery management system based on the CAN bus, comprise a upper strata battery management ECU and a plurality of lower layer battery ECU, in order to realize the detection of each battery voltage, the voltage output end of each battery pack is connected with the voltage detecting input of corresponding lower layer battery ECU, in order to realize the detection of each battery pack temperature, on each battery pack temperature sensor has been installed, the output of each battery pack temperature transducer is connected with the temperature detection input of corresponding lower layer battery ECU, output at the integral battery door bag also is connected with voltage sensor and the current sensor that is used to detect integral battery door output, the output of these two transducers respectively with the voltage of upper strata battery management ECU, the current detecting input connects, and it is characterized in that: connect by the CAN bus network between a upper strata battery management ECU and a plurality of lower layer battery ECU.
2; a kind of multilayer distributed battery management system as claimed in claim 1 based on the CAN bus; it is characterized in that: upper strata battery management ECU is by a CAN1 chip; A/D converter; clock and power-off protecting circuit and a DSP microcontroller that embeds CAN2 constitute; clock and power-off protecting circuit adopt the DS12887 chip; wherein the data/address bus D0-D7 of DSP microcontroller links to each other with the address/data bus AD0-AD7 of CAN1 chip respectively; the DS12887 chip is the device of 8 bit address data/address bus time-sharing multiplexs; its read-write access mode is identical with CAN1 chip in the system; same with the peripheral I/O bus of DS12887 chip carry in DSP; the DS12887 chip is mainly used in power down protection SOC result; and writing time; guarantee the accuracy of SOC algorithm; by optical fiber CAN communication module output control signal, the input of A/D converter is connected with current sensor output Ui with integral battery door bag voltage sensor output Us the DSP microcontroller by built-in CAN2 chip.
3, a kind of multilayer distributed battery management system as claimed in claim 2 based on the CAN bus, it is characterized in that: the DSP microcontroller is also exported a fan control signal that is used for the accumulators cooling, exports a control signal that is used for the balanced control of storage battery.
4, a kind of multilayer distributed battery management system as claimed in claim 1 based on the CAN bus, it is characterized in that: each lower layer battery ECU is made of a microcontroller and a photoisolator that embeds CAN3, wherein the analog input end of microcontroller connects the voltage signal of each battery pack, one data lines links to each other with the battery pack temperature measuring-signal, and the output of microcontroller is carried out both-way communication by the CAN3 that embeds through photoisolator and the CAN of lower floor bus network.
5, a kind of multilayer distributed battery management system as claimed in claim 2 based on the CAN bus, it is characterized in that: the transmission pin TX end of the CAN2 chip of upper strata ECU optical fiber CAN network strengthens driving force by 75451 chips, link to each other with plastic fiber through electrooptic conversion module HFBR1528 then, other ECU signal becomes the reception pin RX end that the signal of telecommunication is connected to the CAN2 chip through Optical Fiber Transmission by photoelectric conversion module HFBR2528.
6, a kind of multilayer distributed battery management system as claimed in claim 4 based on the CAN bus, it is characterized in that: temperature sensor adopts digital temperature sensor, the microcontroller of above-mentioned embedding CAN3 is embedded microprocessor P89C591, and the signal end of a plurality of temperature sensors is connected to the same I/O mouth of embedded microprocessor P89C591.
7, a kind of multilayer distributed battery management system based on the CAN bus as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the microcontroller DSP among the battery management ECU of upper strata adopts embedded DSP TMS320LF2407, and the CAN1 chip adopts and extends out SJA1000.
8, a kind of multilayer distributed battery management system based on the CAN bus as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the microcontroller of described embedding CAN3 is the P87C591 single-chip microcomputer.
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| US11309832B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2022-04-19 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources |
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| CN100458756C (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2009-02-04 | 重庆大学 | Management system of power battery for mixed-power automobile |
| KR100985667B1 (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2010-10-05 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Apparatus for estimating of battery's open circuit voltage, Apparatus for estimating of batter's state of charge and Method for controlling the same |
| CN101159641B (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2010-10-06 | 东信和平智能卡股份有限公司 | Can bus extension method |
| CN101417637B (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2012-09-05 | 北京理工大学 | Communications system for pure electric motor coach power cell management system and management method thereof |
| CN101938016A (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2011-01-05 | 长春劲能锂电池科技有限公司 | Modular lithium-iron power battery |
| CN102447275A (en) * | 2010-10-11 | 2012-05-09 | 汽车零部件研究及发展中心有限公司 | Control system for accumulators |
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| JP2001324553A (en) * | 2000-05-16 | 2001-11-22 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Monitoring circuit for set battery |
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| US11309832B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2022-04-19 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources |
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| CN105730378B (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2018-06-22 | 深圳威迈斯电源有限公司 | For the digital power control system of charger |
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