CN102447275A - Control system for accumulators - Google Patents
Control system for accumulators Download PDFInfo
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- CN102447275A CN102447275A CN2010105040346A CN201010504034A CN102447275A CN 102447275 A CN102447275 A CN 102447275A CN 2010105040346 A CN2010105040346 A CN 2010105040346A CN 201010504034 A CN201010504034 A CN 201010504034A CN 102447275 A CN102447275 A CN 102447275A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control system for accumulators, which is used for controlling an accumulator group in a vehicle. The accumulator group comprises accumulator units. The system comprises a plurality of control modules which respectively comprise (a) a microprocessor, (b) at least one sensor, (c) an isolation circuit and (d) a communication unit, wherein the sensors are used for monitoring the running characteristics of the accumulator units; the sensors are connected with the microprocessors in a communication way by serial connection; the isolation circuits are connected with the microprocessors and the sensors by serial connection; the isolation circuits are used for isolating the microprocessors from the higher voltage of the accumulator group; the communication units are connected with the microprocessors and are used for transmitting the running characteristics monitored by the sensors to other control modules by a communication network, wherein the communication units of the control modules are communicated with the communication network by a parallel mode; and at least one of the control modules is designated as a main control module which is used for outputting a control signal according to the running characteristics sensed by the control modules so as to control the running of the accumulator units.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is about a kind of storage battery control system and method, and relates in particular to the storage battery control system of in the batteries of motor vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle is controlled, using.
Background technology
The market profit of motor vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle is more and more abundanter, because the customer demand of environmentally friendly technology is more and more.
Key issue is, the operation of the batteries of this vehicle power supply is suitably kept watch on and is safeguarded, with the performance of guaranteeing this vehicle by compromise.Yet the current available existing batteries of motor vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle is kept watch on and the usually incompatible operation with various vehicle battery systems and ability of management system.In addition, significantly need to reduce the manufacturing cost of this existing storage battery supervision and management system.
Summary of the invention
The present invention attempts to alleviate at least one the problems referred to above.
The present invention can comprise several kinds of summary forms.Embodiments of the invention can comprise one of various different summary forms described here or their combination in any.
In the first summary form; The invention provides a kind of storage battery control system that is used for controlling the batteries of vehicle; Said batteries comprises and a plurality ofly in this batteries, being electrically connected, and with the secondary battery unit of the output voltage that produces this batteries, wherein this system comprises:
A plurality of control modules comprise respectively:
(a) microprocessor;
(b) at least one transducer is used to monitor these a plurality of secondary battery units operation characteristic one of at least, and said at least one transducer can be connected with this microprocessor through being connected in series communicatedly;
(c) buffer circuit is connected in series through this, can be connected with at least one transducer with this microprocessor communicatedly, and wherein this buffer circuit is used for the high voltage of this microprocessor and this batteries is isolated;
(d) communication unit; Can be connected communicatedly with this microprocessor; Be used for through communication network, with this at least one sensor monitoring to operation characteristic deliver to other control modules, wherein the said communication unit of this control module is with parallel mode and this communication; And
Wherein these a plurality of control modules one of at least are designated as main control module, are used for the operation characteristic that senses according to this a plurality of control modules, export control signal, to control the operation of these a plurality of secondary battery units.
Usually, this vehicle comprises that motor vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle are one of at least.
Preferably, this communication network can comprise controller local area network.In addition, preferably, each in these a plurality of control modules can dispose unique hardware address, when communicating through this controller local area network, can discern.Advantageously, according to the unique hardware address of this control module of distributing, can more easily discern the fault that produces in the particular battery unit for the operation characteristic of keeping watch on a particular battery unit or a group storage battery unit.In addition, preferably, this controller local area network can be used between storage battery control system, this batteries, battery charger, vehicle control system, self check and diagnostic module and vehicle-state inquiry system, communicating.
Preferably, this is connected in series and comprises Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI).Advantageously, use Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) can allow single buffer circuit in control module with this transducer and microprocessor arranged in tandem, thereby prevent that this microprocessor receives the influence of the high pressure of this batteries.Therefore, owing to reduced employed parts, this can support to reduce the production cost relevant with the present invention.
Preferably, this at least one transducer can comprise the integrated circuit measuring transducer.Usually, each in said a plurality of control module all can comprise one to three integrated circuit measuring transducer.
Preferably, the operation characteristic of this at least one sensor monitoring can comprise, voltage signal, current signal and the measured temperature one of at least relevant with a plurality of secondary battery units of being kept watch on one of at least.Usually, this at least one transducer can be used at least whenever at a distance from 100 milliseconds of supervision these a plurality of secondary battery units operation characteristic one of at least once.
Preferably, this buffer circuit can comprise optical isolator.
Preferably, each in these a plurality of control modules can comprise 8-bit microprocessor at least.In addition, preferably, this main control module can comprise 32-bit microprocessor.
Preferably; This main control module can comprise heat controller; Be used for the measured temperature confirmed according to by at least one transducers of this a plurality of control modules, control this secondary battery unit temperature, this batteries temperature and the secondary battery unit temperature difference one of at least.
Preferably, this main control module can comprise the contactor driver, is used for optionally that voltage with this batteries breaks off with motor and/or charger and the voltage of this batteries is connected with this motor and/or charger.
Preferably, this main control module can comprise analog to digital converter, is used for the microprocessor unit readable digital current reading of analog signal conversion for this main control module, and said analog signal representes to flow through the current signal of this batteries.
Preferably, main control module may further include RS485 and RS232 type communication interface one of at least.
Preferably, this main control module can be used for the operation characteristic according at least one sensor monitoring of these a plurality of control modules, confirms these a plurality of secondary battery units charged state one of at least.
Preferably, this main control module can be used for the operation characteristic according at least one sensor monitoring of these a plurality of control modules, confirms this secondary battery unit health status one of at least.
Preferably, this main control module is operably connected to active balancing circuit, and the control signal of said this main control module output of active balancing circuit response has the seedbed to make a plurality of secondary battery units in this batteries realize balance.Usually, according to the charged state of these a plurality of secondary battery units, this main control module can be used for control signal is outputed to this active balancing circuit.
Preferably, the present invention can comprise data recordin module, is used to keep watch on the also data of the history run of this secondary battery unit of storage representation.Usually, these data one of comprise as follows at least:
(a) minimum, maximum and average voltage readings;
(b) minimum, maximum and average current indication;
(c) minimum, maximum and mean temperature reading;
(d) details of overrun incident comprise time, degree and the frequency of this overrun incident; And
(e) charge in batteries number of times.
Preferably, the present invention can comprise self check and diagnostic module, is used to carry out comprise this microprocessor, transducer, buffer circuit, be connected in series and the self check and the diagnosis of the storage battery control system of communication network.
Preferably, the present invention can comprise fault management module, is used for carrying out the failure safe agreement according to detected fault on this secondary battery unit.Usually, this fault overrun condition that can comprise this batteries and this secondary battery unit one of leak at least.Preferably, this failure safe agreement one of comprises as follows at least:
(a) should a plurality of secondary battery units break off one of at least with this motor and/or charger; And
(b) will indicate the warning of this seized fault to deliver to this vehicle user.
Preferably, the present invention includes checking and identification module, be used to write down the information that comprises following relevant batteries one of at least:
(a) discern the information of the manufacturer of this batteries;
(b) discern the nominal of this batteries and the information of secondary battery unit chemical property;
(c) lot number that identification is relevant with making this batteries and the information of sequence number; And
(d) discern the information of the date of manufacture of this batteries.
Preferably, this vehicle control system can also comprise the visual display unit that is operably connected to this main control module, and wherein as the response to the control signal received from this main control module, this visual display unit can be used to show the following information one of at least of indication:
(a) these a plurality of secondary battery units charged state one of at least;
(b) these a plurality of secondary battery units health status one of at least;
(c) these a plurality of secondary battery units one of at least, the temperature or the secondary battery unit temperature difference of this batteries;
(d) indication is connected to the speed of a motor vehicle of voltage of this batteries of the motor of this vehicle;
(e) failure condition of detected this secondary battery unit; And
(f) detected overvoltage fault and/or under-voltage fault.
Preferably; This data recordin module, this self check and diagnostic module, this fault management module, this checking and identification module and this heat controller can comprise one of at least, is stored in computer program on this main control module, that can be carried out by the microprocessor of this main control module.
Description of drawings
According to below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, to the detailed description that non-limitative preferred embodiment of the present invention is done, more complete understanding the present invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 illustrates the functional-block diagram with first embodiment of the mutual storage battery control system of the batteries of hybrid electric vehicle and other system;
Fig. 2 illustrates another aspect with first embodiment of the mutual storage battery control system of a plurality of batteries of hybrid electric vehicle and other system;
Fig. 3 illustrates the controller local area network through hybrid electric vehicle, communicatedly master control module and a plurality of slave module of parallel connection;
Fig. 4 illustrates the functional-block diagram according to the main control module of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 illustrates the functional-block diagram according to the subordinate control module of first embodiment of the invention; And
Fig. 6 illustrates the schematic diagram that is used for according to the dynamic equilibrium circuit of the dynamic equilibrium secondary battery unit of the batteries of first embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Now, referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 6, first embodiment of the storage battery control system 1 of the batteries 3 be used to control hybrid electric vehicle or motor vehicle and other system is described.This storage battery control system 1 comprises: main control module 10 and a plurality of subordinate control modules 11, as shown in Figure 3, they are parallelly connected mutually through controller local area network (controller area network) 2, thereby are convenient between them, communicate.In addition, this main control module 10 also is suitable for randomly communicating by letter with the other system of this vehicle through RS232 and/or RS485 type communication interface.
Easily, this storage battery control system 1 can change scale,, is used to control the requirement of the control module 10,11 of this batteries 3 that is, can optionally dispose according to the concrete voltage capacity of the batteries 3 of this vehicle.Usually, in many motor vehicles and hybrid electric vehicle, 1-9 control module is suitable for controlling batteries 3 voltages of 12-1000V usually.If the quantity of secondary battery unit is no more than 36V, then only need to use a primary module to control this batteries.If comprise secondary battery unit greater than 36V, then dispose several slave modules and a primary module usually, be used to control this batteries.For example, through as the touch-screen LCD display of user input apparatus, can effectively dispose the storage battery control system that the batteries system with given voltage capacity uses.
Fig. 1 illustrates through controller local area network 2, with first embodiment of the storage battery control system 1 of the various systemic-functions interconnection of this vehicle.This system comprises: the batteries 3 of this vehicle, electro-motor 4 and be used for associated motor driver 5, the Vehicular accumulator cell charger 6 of CD-ROM drive motor 4 and comprise LCD (LCD) 7a and such as the vehicle control system of the speed of a motor vehicle controller 7b of accelerator pedal.
This vehicle comprises several batteries 3 that are used for electro-motor 4 power supplies, and is as shown in Figure 2.In this embodiment, adopt high-capacity battery group 3, such as lead acid accumulator, cadmium-nickel storage cell, metal hydride one ickel accumulator, lithium-ions battery or lithium polymer battery.Through being arranged in the positive bus and the negative bus 9a of this batteries 3 and this electro-motor 4, the storage battery contactor 8a between the 9b, 8b, batteries 3 can optionally be connected and disconnection with this electro-motor 4.This batteries 3 comprises a plurality of self-contained storage battery unit (B1...Bn) respectively, and they are electrically connected, so that the global voltage of this batteries 3 to be provided.For the ease of understanding first embodiment, each subordinate control module and main control module are distributed respectively, and be so that keep watch on the secondary battery unit of self-contained storage battery group 3 separately, as shown in Figure 3.Yet; Those skilled in the art understand that given subordinate control module and main control module can be configured, to keep watch on many battery units of crossing over an above batteries; Perhaps a plurality of control modules can be configured, to keep watch on the secondary battery unit in the single batteries.
In this embodiment, the d.c. motor of the electro-motor 4 of this vehicle or brushed or be the d.c. motor of brushless or be alternating current asynchronous motor or traction motor.This motor driver 5 is suitable for being connected electrically between this batteries 3 and the motor 4.Motor driver 5 also can be connected to the main control module 10 of this battery control system 1 communicatedly.When the user ordered through the vehicle accelerator pedal 7b input speed of this vehicle, this speed command was received, as the input of this main control module 10.Then, this main control module 10 converts this speed command into this motor driver 5 readable order, then, indicate these motor driver 5 adjustment from this batteries 3 deliver to motor 4, with the required electric weight of the speed drive motor that requires 4.If the employing d.c. motor, then this motor driver 5 can be configured, and with through the direct voltage of this batteries 3 being exported suitable pulse modulation to desired DC voltage level, adjusts the direct current measurement that is provided.As a kind of selection, if adopt alternating current motor, then this motor driver 5 can be configured, and converts the three-phase alternating voltage of suitable phase place, amplitude and polarity into the direct voltage with this batteries 3, is used for this alternating current motor of speed drive to require.
This Vehicular accumulator cell charger 6 is to be suitable for to batteries 3 low-power device than charging battery being provided.Storage battery control system 1 also is configured, so that batteries 3 and outside battery charging plant 12 controlled communications.This outside battery charging plant 12 is with the high-power device of high current to batteries 3 quick charges.
The LCD7a of vehicle control system is positioned on the meter panel of motor vehicle; And to the vehicle user display message; Comprise batteries charged state and health status, the temperature of secondary battery unit (B1...Bn), the speed of vehicle, the visual alarm that transfinites and audio frequency warning designator and/or batteries 3 failure condition and when self check and diagnosis, detect the visual alarm and the audio frequency warning designator that break down on the storage battery control system.Through controller local area network 2 or independent RS232 or RS485 type communication interface; This storage battery control system 1 can be connected to LCD7a communicatedly; So that the batteries 3 of the vehicle of keeping watch on according to this storage battery control system 1 and the operation characteristic of other system, the information of the last demonstration of LCD7a can be by ceaselessly renewal.As stated, this vehicle control system also comprises accelerator pedal 7b, and this accelerator pedal 7b communicates by letter with the main control module 10 of this storage battery control system 1 through potentiometer.The physical location that this potentiometer will speed up pedal 7b is converted into the speed control signal that is sent to this storage battery control system 1.Then, through speed, electric current and power command are set, this storage battery control system 1 is delivered to motor driver 5 through controller local area network 2 with speed command, so that the speed drive motor 4 of this motor driver 5 to require.
As shown in Figure 5, each subordinate control module 11 comprises respectively: 8-bit microprocessor 11a; 3 integrated circuit measuring transducer 11b are used for the various operation characteristics of each secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) of sensing batteries 3; Optical isolator 11c is used to prevent that microprocessor 11a from bearing the high voltage of batteries 3; And communication module 11e, allow each subordinate control module 11 through controller local area network 2 parallel connection communicatedly.Each subordinate control module 11 also has been configured unique hardware address 11f, so that can be the time through controller local area network 2 communications, and correct identification.Those skilled in the art expect that easily in this embodiment, although select the microprocessor of 8-bit microprocessor 11a as subordinate control module 11, as a kind of selection, any low-cost microprocessor with suitable function can be used.
Integrated circuit measuring transducer 11b on each subordinate control module 11 connects with microprocessor 11a through Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) (serial peripheralinterface) 11d.In this embodiment, each integrated circuit measuring transducer 11b can measure nearly 12 secondary battery units in the batteries 3 of its appointment.The per 100 milliseconds of measurements of this transducer 11b are once such as this operation characteristic of temperature of the voltage and the secondary battery unit at secondary battery unit two ends.Through Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) 11d, this survey measurements is sent to the microprocessor 11a of subordinate control module 11 from this transducer.Microprocessor will be transformed to through the sensor reading that Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) 11d receives and be suitable for through controller local area network 2 and other control modules, and particularly main control module 10, the form of communication.
Optical isolator 11c also connects with integrated circuit measuring transducer 11b and microprocessor 11a along Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) 11d, receives the high voltage of batteries 3 and the influence of electromagnetic interference to prevent microprocessor 11a.Because this transducer 11b and optical isolator 11d are configured to connect with microprocessor 11a, thus need less parts, and can reduce the cost and the complexity of this storage battery control system 1 like this.
Fig. 4 illustrates the architecture of main control module 10, and is identical with the situation of subordinate control module 11, and it comprises: microprocessor 10a; 3 integrated circuit measuring transducer 10b are used for the various operation characteristics of each secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) of sensing batteries 3; Optical isolator 10c is used to prevent that microprocessor 10a receives the influence of the high voltage of batteries 3; And communication module 10e, be used for through controller, should be local area network (LAN) 2, communicate by letter with other Vehicular systems with the subordinate control module 11 of parallel connection.Main control module 10 also has been configured unique hardware address 10f, so that through controller local area network 2 communications the time, can correctly discern.
The microprocessor 10a of main control module 10 is 32-bit microprocessor 10a with better function, is used to carry out the various processing and the controlled function of storage battery control system 1.Those skilled in the art understand that easily although in this embodiment, 32-bit microprocessor 10a is selected the microprocessor as main control module 10, can replace any microprocessor cheaply that uses suitable function.This main control module 10 also comprises: current sensor 10g is used for the electric current that senses flow is crossed batteries 3; Analog to digital converter 10k is used for converting the analog signal current reading into digital value, so that handled by 32-bit microprocessor 10a; Contactor driver 10h is used for according to being to be connected with electro-motor 4 or charger 6,12 or to break off from the power of batteries 3, optionally is connected with contactor 8a, 8b, 14b and breaks off; Fan/heater 10i responds heat controller, is used to control the temperature of batteries (B1...Bn); And additional RS232 and/or RS485 type communication interface 10j, to communicate by letter between this 32-bit microprocessor 10a and other Vehicular systems.
This 32-bit microprocessor 10a receives: through A/D interface 10k from the temperature reading of the transducer 10b in current indication, each subordinate control module and the main control module 10,11 of current sensor 10g, batteries (B1...Bn) that 11b measures with voltage readings and through speed command accelerator pedal 7b input, that pass through controller local area network 2.Therefore, to the input of receiving, main control module 10 is included in executable stored program on the 32-bit microprocessor 10, to carry out the algorithm of realizing one of following function at least:
Whether the current signal of (a) confirming the secondary battery unit through batteries 3 works in predetermined security parameter scope;
(b) secondary battery unit (B1...Bn), batteries 3 or the unit temperature difference are carried out thermal control;
(c) confirm the charged state of secondary battery unit (B1...Bn);
(d) confirm the health status of secondary battery unit (B1...Bn);
(e) charging and the discharge of secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) are controlled;
(f) contactor of control batteries 3;
(g) as to detecting the response of the fault in batteries 3 work, fault management and secondary battery unit protection are controlled;
(h) self check and the diagnosis of execution storage battery control system 1;
(i) data record of batteries 3 history runs; And
(j) checking and identification batteries 3 manufacturing informations.
In this embodiment, main control module 10 is unique control modules, and it is operably connected to current sensor 10g.This current sensor 10g produces the analog sensing current signal, and the current signal of batteries 3 is for example passed through in its expression to batteries 3 chargings the time.Whether this big current analog signal converts the digital reading in the 0-5V scope into by A/D interface 10k, then, as input, is fed to 32-bit microprocessor 10a, handles, under the safe operation parameter, move to confirm batteries 3.For example; If between charge period; Current signal through batteries 3 is confirmed as overrun; Then this 32-bit microprocessor 10a exports control signal to contactor driver 10h, so that batteries contactor 8a, 8b and charger 6,12 disconnections, thereby alleviate caused destruction to batteries 3.In addition, 32-bit microprocessor 10a is configured, and with when this fault is detected, communicates by letter with vehicle control system, thereby visual alarm is presented on the LCD7a.As a kind of selection and/or in addition, if desired, can report to the police by output audio.
This main control module 10 further comprises data recordin module, and it keeps watch on the also data of the history run of storage representation batteries 3.Particularly, this data can comprise: the details of the overrun incident of voltage and current reading, temperature reading, the time that comprises this overrun incident, degree and frequency, charge in batteries number of times, or the like.In this embodiment, this data recordin module is achieved by being stored in computer program on the main control module 10, that can be carried out by the microprocessor 10a of main control module 10, to carry out data recording function.
Fan/heater 10i makes response to the control signal from heat controller; With the secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) measured according to the transducer 10b of subordinate control module and main control module 10,11,11b and/or the internal temperature and the ambient temperature of batteries 3; Particular battery unit (B1...Bn) or whole batteries are perhaps cooled off in heating, and this heat controller comprises that 32-bit microprocessor 10a goes up executable computer program.These thermal measurement values can periodically be delivered to main control module 10, and this main control module 10 is responsible for decision, and the particular battery unit (B1...Bn) in the batteries 3 is to need heating or cooling.
According to the sensor reading of receiving from control module 10,11 through controller local area network 2, the 32-bit microprocessor 10a of main control module 10 confirms the charged state of secondary battery unit (B1...Bn).The charged state of secondary battery unit is delivered to vehicle control system from 32-bit microprocessor 10a, and then, it is presented at LCD7a and goes up as fuel indicator reading.The charged state measured value of secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) is also handled by 32-bit microprocessor 10a, to confirm, whether requires the secondary battery unit balance in order to alleviate each secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) overvoltage.Below, will further describe the secondary battery unit balance.The charged state reading of secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) is also handled by 32-bit microprocessor 10a, finishes with the charging process of confirming this secondary battery unit (B1...Bn).
It is the main cause that batteries 3 breaks down that secondary battery unit is overcharged, and needs to be kept watch on and correct control, to guarantee the useful life of batteries 3.This fault management module helps to prevent that batteries 3 from avoiding the influence of this problem at least aspect two.At first, it is kept watch on charging process and finishes according to the charged state of the secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) that measures; Then; Through contactor driver 10h, suitable control signal is outputed to batteries contactor 8a, 8b, so that this batteries 3 is broken off with charger 6,12.Secondly, fault management module is kept watch on, and whether the current signal that flows through batteries 3 surpasses the safe operation parameter of charging, and if surpass the safe operation parameter, then break off batteries contactor 8a, 8b.
Because along with the irreversible physical change and the chemical change that use and useful life takes place, in the operating period of batteries 3, its performance perhaps " health " can be tending towards progressively worsening before final batteries 3 can not re-use or be discarded.Therefore, this main control module 10 further comprises the health status module, is used for confirming the health status of batteries 3, that is, the normal condition of indication batteries 3 and they provide its ability with respect to the specified performance of pre-determined characteristics level.Under the situation of vehicle operating, be in stand-by state in order to ensure the Emergency Power equipment of vehicle when needed, confirm the health status particular importance of batteries 3.The sensor reading that is stored in the data logger can be by main control module 10 visits; With the various parameters of the health status of calculating accumulator group 3 indication, such as charge acceptance, internal resistance/electricity lead, voltage and the self discharge and secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) temperature of secondary battery unit (B1...Bn).When the health status because of batteries 3 is confirmed by the main control module that can not satisfy predetermined threshold levels 10; And when being considered to no longer be suitable for using; Main control module 10 is suitable for this health status situation is delivered to vehicle control system, to be presented on the LCD7a as the warning designator.Therefore, the user of this vehicle can or all safeguard and/or changes one of batteries 3.
As shown in Figure 6, also be provided with balancing circuitry 16, so that the weakness in the particular battery unit is compensated, otherwise, possibly cause batteries 3 faults.In first embodiment, adopt active balancing, so that the secondary battery unit balance.(the passive balance of B1...Bn balance is different to make secondary battery unit at the resistor two ends with power dissipation on each secondary battery unit (B1...Bn); For the energy on the secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) is kept in the magnetic field of transformer, active balancing is more effective.As shown in Figure 6, the active balancing circuit 16 of this embodiment comprises: the elementary winding 16a of transformer is connected the two ends of whole secondary battery units (B1...Bn) of batteries 3; And Secondary winding of transformer 16b, be connected to secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) each secondary battery unit or the two ends of secondary battery unit group.Balancing circuitry 16 is operably connected to main control module 10, and conduct is carried out balancing of battery cell on request to the response of the control signal of main control module 10 outputs.
Main control module 10 is after main control module and subordinate control module 10,11 are received the voltage readings of the whole secondary battery units (B1...Bn) the batteries 3; The specific voltage and the average voltage of secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) are processed, to calculate the charged state of each secondary battery unit (B1...Bn).In this embodiment; Microprocessor 10a activates active balancing circuit 16; With whenever the deviation of the minimum charged state of the high charge state of any given secondary battery unit and any given secondary battery unit greater than 3% o'clock, secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) is carried out active balancing.Active balancing circuit 16 works on, and the charged state deviation between secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) falls in the scope of 3% deviation.As an example, when active balancing, if secondary battery unit B3 is determined and has ceiling voltage (that is, high charge state), then switch S and main switch T are all closed, so that be stored in the transformer from the energy of secondary battery unit B3, as magnetic field.The identification secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) that has maximum deviation with mean value also, and if its voltage be lower than the average voltage of secondary battery unit (B1...Bn), then it is selected by main control module 10, is stored in the energy charging in this magnetic field with utilization.For example; If secondary battery unit B2 is the secondary battery unit that has maximum deviation with averaging unit voltage; And be lower than this averaging unit voltage, then switch S 2 is closed, and main switch T is opened; So that the stored energy on the secondary battery unit B3 flows into secondary battery unit B2, thereby effectively realize secondary battery unit (B1...Bn) balance.
As shown in Figure 2, main control module 10 also is operably connected to pre-charge circuit 14, and when powering up, this pre-charge circuit 14 is supported to controlling the pressure rising time of the voltage that is applied to electro-motor 4, to alleviate the overvoltage that this electro-motor 4 is applied.In this circuit, pre-charge resistor 14a and precharge contactor 14b are by arranged in tandem.When powering up, if the voltage between the positive bus 9a of electro-motor 4 and the negative bus 9b be lower than batteries 3 total voltage 80%, then this precharge contactor 14b is switched on.When this voltage surpassed 80%, then contactor 8a was at first connected, and then breaks off the precharge contactor 14b on this alternate path.Between batteries 3 and pre-charge circuit 14, also arranged high-tension fuse 15, this fuse 15 is configured, and with when the electric current that flows through fuse 15 surpasses predetermined threshold, breaks off this circuit.Therefore, this high-tension fuse 15 helps to prevent that secondary battery unit is destroyed.
Those skilled in the art understand, without departing from the present invention, except specifically described content, can also carry out various variants and modifications to the present invention described here.All these variants and modifications are conspicuous for those skilled in the art, and they all should be considered to fall within this broadly described essential scope of the present invention.Should be understood that and the present invention includes all these variants and modifications.The present invention also comprise in this specification separately or the institute that quotes together or point out in steps and characteristic, and the combination in any and all combinations of any two or more a plurality of said steps or characteristic.
In this specification quoting of prior art is not considered to, should be considered to approval or any type of suggestion yet this prior art component part common practise.
Claims (27)
1. storage battery control system that is used to control the batteries of vehicle; It is characterized in that; Said batteries comprises a plurality of secondary battery units that in this batteries, are electrically connected, and to produce the output voltage of described batteries, wherein said system comprises:
A plurality of control modules, each control module comprises:
(a) microprocessor;
(b) at least one transducer is used for keeping watch at least one operation characteristic of described a plurality of secondary battery units, and said at least one transducer can be connected with described microprocessor through being connected in series communicatedly;
(c) buffer circuit, described buffer circuit can be connected with at least one transducer with described microprocessor through described being connected in series communicatedly, and wherein said buffer circuit is used for the high voltage of described microprocessor and described batteries is isolated;
(d) communication unit; Described communication unit can be connected with described microprocessor communicatedly; With through communication network with described at least one sensor monitoring to operation characteristic deliver to other control modules, the said communication unit of wherein said control module is with parallel mode and described communication; And
In wherein said a plurality of control module at least one is designated as main control module, is used for the operation characteristic that senses according to described a plurality of control modules, and the output control signal is to control the operation of described a plurality of secondary battery units.
2. storage battery control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described vehicle comprises at least one in motor vehicle and the hybrid electric vehicle.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described storage battery control system, it is characterized in that described communication network comprises controller local area network.
4. storage battery control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, each in described a plurality of control modules all has been configured unique hardware address, when communicating through described controller local area network, can discern.
5. storage battery control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described being connected in series comprises Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI).
6. storage battery control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described at least one transducer comprises the integrated circuit measuring transducer.
7. storage battery control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, each in described a plurality of control modules all comprises one to three transducer.
8. storage battery control system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, the operation characteristic of described at least one sensor monitoring comprise following at least one: with by at least one relevant voltage signal, current signal and the measured temperature of a plurality of secondary battery units of being kept watch on.
9. storage battery control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described at least one transducer is used at least whenever at a distance from 100 milliseconds of supervision at least one operation characteristic of described a plurality of secondary battery units once.
10. storage battery control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described buffer circuit comprises optical isolator.
11. storage battery control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, each of described a plurality of control modules comprises 8-bit microprocessor respectively at least.
12. storage battery control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described main control module comprises 32-bit microprocessor.
13. storage battery control system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described main control module comprises heat controller; Be used to respond the determined measured temperature of at least one transducer of described a plurality of control modules, control at least one the temperature and the secondary battery unit temperature difference of described a plurality of secondary battery units of described batteries.
14. storage battery control system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described main control module comprises the contactor driver; Be used for optionally the voltage of described batteries and motor and/or charger are broken off, and the voltage of described batteries is connected with described motor and/or charger.
15. storage battery control system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described main control module comprises analog to digital converter; Being used for analog signal conversion is the readable digital current reading of microprocessor unit of described main control module, and said analog signal representes to flow through at least one current signal of described secondary battery unit.
16. storage battery control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described main control module further comprises at least one of RS485 type communication interface and RS232 type communication interface.
17. storage battery control system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described main control module is used for the operation characteristic of keeping watch on according at least one transducer of described a plurality of control modules, confirms at least one charged state of described a plurality of secondary battery units.
18. storage battery control system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described main control module is used for the operation characteristic of keeping watch on according at least one transducer of described a plurality of control modules, confirms at least one health status of described secondary battery unit.
19. storage battery control system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described main control module is operably connected to active balancing circuit; Said active balancing circuit responds the control signal of described main control module output, has the seedbed to make a plurality of secondary battery units in the described batteries realize balance.
20. storage battery control system according to claim 19; It is characterized in that; Described main control module is used for control signal is outputed to described active balancing circuit, with charged state according to described a plurality of secondary battery units, and the described a plurality of secondary battery units of balance.
21. storage battery control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described system comprises data recordin module, be used to keep watch on and the data of the history run of the described secondary battery unit of storage representation, said data comprise following at least one:
(a) minimum, maximum and average voltage readings;
(b) minimum, maximum and average current indication;
(c) minimum, maximum and mean temperature reading;
(d) details of overrun incident comprise time, degree and the frequency of this overrun incident; And
(e) charge in batteries number of times.
22. storage battery control system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described system comprises self check and diagnostic module, is used to carry out comprise described microprocessor, transducer, buffer circuit, be connected in series and the self check and the diagnosis of the storage battery control system of communication network.
23. storage battery control system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described system comprises fault management module; Be used for carrying out the failure safe agreement according to detected fault on described secondary battery unit, it is at least a that said fault comprises that overrun condition and the described secondary battery unit of described batteries leak.
24. storage battery control system according to claim 23 is characterized in that, described failure safe agreement comprises following at least one:
(a) at least one and described motor and/or the charger with described a plurality of secondary battery units breaks off; And
(b) will indicate the warning of described seized fault to deliver to described vehicle user.
25. storage battery control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described system comprises checking and identification module, is used to write down comprise following at least one information about described batteries:
(a) information of the manufacturer of the described batteries of identification;
(b) nominal of the described batteries of identification and the information of secondary battery unit chemical property;
(c) lot number that identification is relevant with making described batteries and the information of sequence number; And
(d) information of the date of manufacture of the described batteries of identification.
26. storage battery control system according to claim 1; Be characterised in that; Described vehicle control system comprises the display that is operably connected to described main control module, at least one information below wherein said display is suitable for responding the control signal of receiving from described main control module represented:
(a) at least one charged state of described a plurality of secondary battery units;
(b) at least one health status of described a plurality of secondary battery units;
(c) temperature one of at least of described a plurality of secondary battery units;
(d) be used for representing the voltage of the batteries that is connected to described vehicle motor of the speed of a motor vehicle;
(e) failure condition of detected described secondary battery unit; And
(f) detected fault among the present invention.
27. according to any one the described storage battery control system in the claim 22 to 28; Be characterised in that at least one in described data recordin module, described self check and diagnostic module, described fault management module and described checking and the identification module comprises: be stored in computer program on the described main control module, that can carry out by the microprocessor of described main control module.
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| CN2010105040346A CN102447275A (en) | 2010-10-11 | 2010-10-11 | Control system for accumulators |
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| CN2010105040346A CN102447275A (en) | 2010-10-11 | 2010-10-11 | Control system for accumulators |
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