CN100483908C - Pulse-frequency modulation DC/DC booster converter - Google Patents
Pulse-frequency modulation DC/DC booster converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN100483908C CN100483908C CNB2006100156265A CN200610015626A CN100483908C CN 100483908 C CN100483908 C CN 100483908C CN B2006100156265 A CNB2006100156265 A CN B2006100156265A CN 200610015626 A CN200610015626 A CN 200610015626A CN 100483908 C CN100483908 C CN 100483908C
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Abstract
This invention relates to impulse frequency modulation DC/DC lift converter, which comprises the following parts: logic control module to generate one impulse frequency switch signals for DC/DC conversion; feedback network circuit to generate feedback signals; error amplifier circuit to amplify the feedback voltage and base voltage; low pass voltage current conversion module to filter high frequency part to supply conversion induction current; CS signal generation circuit to test difference between feedback voltage and basic voltage to change logic control module; ICU signal generation circuit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pulse frequency modulated type (PFM) DC/DC transducer, especially relate to a kind of pulse frequency modulated type (PFM) DC/DC transducer in conjunction with pulse width modulation (PWM) characteristics, by a kind of control strategy that has the hybrid modulation characteristics, can be so that the output current ripple under the heavy duty condition significantly reduces.
Background technology
The DC/DC converter IC is small and exquisite, cheap because of its volume, and outstanding features such as energy conversion efficiency height are in core status always in the design of energy-efficient Switching Power Supply, be widely used in various power-supply management systems.Many microelectric technique companies leading in the world such as Linear Technology, Maxim, Analog Devices, NationalSemiconductor etc., all dropped into lot of manpower and material resources in the DC/DC field, develop the conversion chip that numerous species is various, function is different, particularly in today of portable set develop rapidly, power-supply system more and more trends towards miniaturization, high efficiency, intellectuality, makes all big enterprises strengthen the research and development for the efficient DC/DC conversion of low-voltage and high-current chip one after another.Be accompanied by the constantly demand of development of industry, DC/DC converter technique and relevant chip method for designing are also brought in constant renewal in the replacement, various control strategies cleverly emerge in an endless stream, but China starts late in this respect, this type of analog integrated circuit design difficulty is bigger in addition, need the designer to have extremely rich experience, so still have bigger gap with international most advanced level, the most of dependence on import of required conversion chip.
Modulator approach in the DC/DC conversion chip mainly is divided into two kinds: pulse width modulation (PWM) and pulse frequency modulated (PFM), part as prior art, Chinese invention patent: switching regulator (publication number: CN 1282137A) done detailed explanation for the basic principle of these two kinds of modulator approaches, and introduced two kinds of step-up DCs/DC converter, step-up DC/DC the converter of PWM (pulse width modulation) working method wherein, the direct voltage input links to each other with the drain electrode of N channel power switching transistor by a coil, connects with the lead-out terminal that is connected load by a diode from this tie point.At the two ends of load, filter capacitor in parallel.This output signal is by two electric resistance partial pressures, and the signal of this dividing point is amplified by error amplifier with the voltage of reference voltage source.The output voltage of the output signal of this error amplifier and the triangular-wave generator that repeats by certain frequency compares in comparator, and the output of this comparator is connected to the grid of described power switch transistor.Can change the duty ratio of the output waveform of described comparator according to the size of output voltage, and then control the conduction and cut-off of described switching transistor, thereby can obtain the little voltage output of ripple on the lead-out terminal of accurate control.In the step-up DC/DC converter of another kind of PFM (pulse frequency modulated) working method, identical with described PWM working method converter is, input links to each other with the drain electrode of N channel power switching transistor by a coil, connects with the lead-out terminal that is connected load by a diode from this tie point.At the two ends of load, filter capacitor in parallel.Different with described PWM working method converter is, removed error amplifier, increased the AND circuit, and replaced triangular-wave generator with oscillator, again AND, circuit are imported in the output of this oscillator and the output of comparator together, control described power switch transistor by the umber of pulse of its output, thus control output voltage.
But no matter be PFM or PWM modulator approach, all can't under underload and two kinds of conditions of heavy duty, realize satisfactory performance simultaneously.More particularly, the ripple of DC/DC converter output voltage under the heavy duty condition of employing PFM modulation strategy is excessive, on the other hand, the ratio that the DC/DC converter power that power switch transistor consumed under light-load conditions of employing PWM modulation strategy accounts for power output rises, and energy conversion efficiency descends significantly.
In recent years, the hybrid modulation strategy that combines PFM and PWM characteristics more and more is subjected to designer's attention, widely adopts in DC/DC conversion chip of new generation.Wherein United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 568, the DC/DC conversion chip that has all proposed a kind of based on PWM the 6th, 545, No. 882 with United States Patent (USP) No. 044.It is characterized in that under the lighter situation of load, original pwm pattern being changed into the PFM control model, to improve the problem of decrease in efficiency under the PWM light-load conditions by the size of monitoring inductive current.Yet adopt the DC/DC conversion chip of this prior art to need the complicated double mode commutation circuit of PWM/PFM, design difficulty is bigger, and the chip area footprints height.And United States Patent (USP) has then proposed a kind of DC/DC conversion chip based on PFM for the 5th, 801, No. 518, it is characterized in that the degree according to output voltage decline, prolongs the opening time of power switching transistor, meanwhile shortens the OFF time of power switching transistor.The prior art thinks that the opening time prolongation can store more energy in inductance, and the shortening of turn-off time simultaneously can prevent the electric capacity over-discharge can, therefore can improve the output ripple of PFM voltage regulator under the heavy duty condition.Yet, at Chinese invention patent: pulse-frequency modulation type voltage regulator capable of extending least OFF time (publication number: CN1621988A), then the feasibility for this kind prior art has proposed suspection, thinks that this prior art has caused bigger output ripple actually on the contrary.Its heart defect is under the heavy duty condition; when moment that power switch transistor switches; the output voltage of PFM type DC/DC conversion chip can't rise to peak value at once and descend by the time passage subsequently; but rise to when to a certain degree (not surpassing rated voltage); continue to descend with regard to running into the next pulse cycle; inductive current IL constantly accumulates rising like this; up to the Imax that reaches the overcurrent protection regulation; power switch pipe turn-offs; output voltage rises rapidly and surpasses rated voltage; will occur an output voltage ripple clearly like this, and the PFM modulating unit makes finally the time of output voltage stabilization also become very tediously long from being activated to.At the problems referred to above, Chinese invention patent: pulse-frequency modulation type voltage regulator capable of extending least OFF time (publication number: CN1621988A) proposed a kind of new DC/DC converter based on PFM, its minimum turn-off time can prolong with the increase of output voltage and rated voltage difference, after adopting this scheme, even under the heavy duty condition, when the part that inductive current can be supplied with electric capacity charging diminishes, still can guarantee that output voltage is elevated to more than the load voltage value, thereby make output ripple be reduced.Yet, make a general survey of above-mentioned many prior art schemes about PFM and hybrid modulation, they all are to adopt the size of fixing Imin and the method that opening time or turn-off time are regulated overcome export the excessive problem of ripple under the PFM heavy duty, in any case the adjusting time, each, I L will be reduced to the level of I min modulation period, did not fundamentally solve the excessive problem of output ripple.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned technical problem, one object of the present invention is to provide a kind of PFM type DC/DC converter, can under heavy duty condition (I out is greater than specified output valve), improve the minimum value I min of inductive current simultaneously according to the increase of output current, shorten the power switch transistor switching pulse cycle, thereby reduce the ripple that output voltage produces.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of PFM type DC/DC transducer, make its under light-load conditions (Iout is less than specified output valve), keeping the inductive current minimum value is 0, increases the power switch pipe switching pulse cycle, thereby guarantees high conversion rate.
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of PFM type DC/DC transducer, makes that being activated to output from the PFM modulation reaches the used time of stable state and reduce.
The invention provides a kind of pulse-frequency modulation DC/DC boost converter,, comprise in order to convert a direct current voltage source to direct voltage source that voltage is higher than the stable output of this DC power supply:
One Logic control module carries out the DC/DC conversion in order to produce an impulse frequency switch;
One feedback network circuit is in order to produce the feedback signal in response to output voltage values;
One error amplifier circuit is in order to carry out processing and amplifying with the difference between feedback voltage and the reference voltage;
One low-pass filtering electric current and voltage modular converter in order to the error signal elimination HFS after will amplifying, and is converted to the inductive current that can change usefulness for DC/DC;
One CS signal generating circuit, promptly the feedback voltage detection comparator in order to the difference between detection feedback voltage and the reference voltage, and changes the work of CS signal controlling Logic control module;
One ICU signal generating circuit in order to the difference between comparison inductive current minimum value and the inductive current, and changes the work of ICU signal controlling Logic control module.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the working waveform figure of DC/DC transducer under two kinds of loading conditions involved in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the top layer circuit module figure of DC/DC transducer involved in the present invention.
D Fig. 3 is the detailing figure of low-pass filtering and electric current and voltage modular converter in the DC/DC transducer involved in the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
Fig. 1
Ipeak inductance peak current
The effective output valve of Iout inductive current
Imin inductive current minimum value
Inductive current minimum value under Imin (H) fully loaded transportation condition
Inductive current minimum value under Imin (L) the underloading condition
Fig. 2
The VDD power cord connector
GND ground
The equivalence of VSS internal module " "
The equivalence of GNDL power " "
DC_Power supply direct current input source L inductance C electric capacity Load supported V ref reference voltage source Vbias amplifier offset signal
M2P power switch PMOS pipe
M2N power switch NMOS pipe
M1 inductive current minimum value detector tube
Comparator_1 inductive current detection comparator
Comparator_2 feedback voltage detection comparator
Feedback Network feedback network V1b feedback voltage output economize on electricity
Error_amp error operational amplifier R1-R4 amplifier outer meeting resistance
Lowpass_V-to-I low-pass filtering, electric current and voltage converting unit
Iout inductive current minimum value output
Logic_control Logic control module ICU Current Control Enable Pin
CS Logic control module gating end N_ON M2N working pulse output
P_ON M2P working pulse output
Fig. 3
The VDD power cord connector
The equivalence of VSS internal module " "
Switch12-14 MOS switching capacity group
A_inv N_ON working pulse inverter
C1 input sample electric capacity
C0 output keeps electric capacity
The R0 negative feedback resistor
The M0 electric current produces metal-oxide-semiconductor
The Comparator_V voltage comparator
Iout inductive current minimum value output
Embodiment
In PFM type DC/DC transducer of the present invention, use the control logic generation module to produce modulator control signal, open and turn-off in order to the power controlling switching transistor, thereby realize that the DC/DC that is input to output changes.Output voltage produces a feedback voltage signal through feedback network, when feedback voltage is lower than predetermined rated voltage, its difference is amplified by error amplifier, and by low-pass filtering and voltage-current conversion unit, be converted to electric current, this electric current is as inductive current minimum value Imin, make I min along with the corresponding degree of bringing up to greater than 0 of the increase of output current, the NMOS opening time from I min to Ipeak reduces little, circuit detects the size of Iout and Imin by current detection module simultaneously, so that when Iout drops to Imin, change the PFM control impuls, the switch-off power switching transistor makes Iout rise again, Iout will be reduced to the level of Imin=0 in original technical scheme, this PFM control method by improving Imin, utilizes the principle of PWM to reduce switching tube opening time and turn-off time simultaneously, and then changed cycle of switch controlled pulse, fundamentally reduced the ripple of output voltage.Be in (I out＜rated current) under the light-load conditions and work as circuit, the detected voltage of error amplifier is anti-phase during with respect to heavy duty, electric current and voltage modular converter output current is 0, promptly Ci Shi I min is 0, power switch transistor is opened and the turn-off time all prolongs greater than 0 o'clock with respect to I min, and then make and still can guarantee high conversion rate by power switch pipe control impuls cycle stretch-out.
The preferred plan of error amplifier is the operational amplifier of three inputs, two outputs, three input two test sides that are respectively feedback voltage and rated voltage wherein wherein, the resistance that is about 20k by resistance is received the feedback voltage test point and is produced on the reference voltage source of rated voltage respectively, another input is the offset side of operational amplifier, connects the amplifier offset signal.Two output end signals are reversed-phase output signal, and receive on the corresponding circuit node as the input signal of low-pass filtering and voltage-to-current conversion module.There is resistance to be about the resistance of 20K in cross-over connection as the input of test side and between, with the function that realizes that computing is amplified to deserved reversed-phase output.
The preferred plan of low-pass filtering and voltage-to-current modular converter is as follows:
Low-pass filter circuit is made up of switching capacity filter, and its work clock is for the pulse of control NMOS power switch transistor, to avoid the generation of surge current.Sampling capacitance C1 is parallel between the switch MOS pipe of two groups of alternation switches, and input voltage is sampled.C0 is parallel to the output of the one group of switch MOS pipe in back, and the appearance value is bigger with respect to C1, and filtered signal is kept.The input of electric current and voltage modular converter is the low frequency signal that C0 go up to keep, and the core of module is a voltage comparator, and it can go up conducting and the unlatching that the Polarity Control electric current of voltage produces transistor M0 according to C0, realizes I min〉0 and the switching of I min=0.The negative terminal of comparator is by negative feedback resistor R ground connection, and R and electric current generation transistor M0 are in series, and thisly connects and composes the current/voltage negative feedback, has increased output impedance, makes the output of electric current and voltage converting unit more level off to constant-current source.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments technical scheme of the present invention is further described:
As shown in Figure 2, PFM type DC/DC boost conversion chip is by power switch transistor (M2N, M2P), Logic control module (logic_Control), and feedback network (Feedback Network), error amplifier (Error Amp), low-pass filtering electric current and voltage modular converter (Lowpass_V-to-I) and logical controlling signal (as ICU, CS etc.) detect and produce the circuit composition.(inductive current peak protective circuit and low pressure breaking circuit belong to the part of prior art, do not mark in the diagram circuit), DC power supply, inductance, electric capacity etc. are the chip outward element.As shown in Figure 2, DC power supply DC_Power supply is coupled by inductance L and power switch pipe M2P, M2N, M2N pipe other end ground connection, the M2P pipe other end and load Load coupling, load Load other end ground connection.Outward element C is parallel to the two ends of Load, in order at the power switch pipe blocking interval Load is charged.Feedback network (Feedback Network) is by be coupled with load Load (switching node is Vload), dividing potential drop effect by resistance produces Vfb, Vfb is as the negative terminal input of feedback voltage detection comparator, by the rated voltage Vref anode input of device as a comparison that reference voltage source produces, the output signal of comparator connects Logic control module and enables CS.On the other hand, Vref and Vfb are respectively as the positive and negative test side input signal of error amplifier, pass through R2 respectively, R4 is coupled to input Vin+, the Vin-of error operational amplifier, the amplifier offset signal Vbias that produces in its 3rd input contact pin, input/output terminal cross-over connection in amplifier has R1, and R3 is as the computing feedback resistance.Through the Vout+ of computing processing and amplifying from amplifier, Vout-exports in error signal, and is coupled as the input signal of low-pass filtering, electric current and voltage converting unit and input Vin-, the Vin+ of this element.
Low-pass filtering, electric current and voltage converting unit are made up of two parts: low pass filter is a switching capacity filter, Switch12-15 is the switching capacity metal-oxide-semiconductor, Switch12 one end and 14 is in series, another termination unit input Vin+, comparator anode in another termination electric current and voltage modular converter of Switch14, Switch13 one end and 15 is in series, another termination unit input Vin-, another termination of Switch15 VSS.Sampling capacitance C0 is connected in parallel on Switch14,15 and goes out end, when above-mentioned switch open input voltage is sampled; Keep capacitor C 1, it is worth greater than C0, is connected in parallel on Switch12,13 output, when above-mentioned switch open, the voltage on the sampling capacitance C0 is kept.M2N working pulse N_ON directly controls Switch14,15, through the anti-phase back control of inverter a_inv Switch12,13, has played the effect that suppresses surge current.The electric current and voltage modular converter produces transistor M0, feedback resistance R0 by voltage comparator comparator_V, electric current and forms, wherein the comparator negative terminal meets VSS by feedback resistance R0, the grid of output termination M0, M0 source electrode and feedback resistance are in series, and drain electrode meets inductive current minimum value output Iout.
M1 source electrode and M2N drain electrode, M2P source electrode are coupled, and its drain electrode connects the negative terminal of inductive current detection comparator Comparator_1, and links to each other with Iout.The drain electrode of M2P and the anode of Comparator_1.Comparator_1 is output as Current Control Enable Pin ICU.
Logic control module is input as ICU and CS, is output as P_ON and N_ON, and wherein P_ON connects the grid of M2P, M1, and N_ON connects the grid of M2N.
Describe the course of work of the embodiment of described technical scheme below in conjunction with the oscillogram in the accompanying drawing, understood by those skilled in the art so that scheme is easier:
As shown in Figure 1, under fully loaded transportation condition, Iout rises with respect to rated value, and high capacity makes feedback network branch drops, and V1b is reduced to below the Vref, and the CS signal of Comparator_2 output be high, the related circuit in the unlatching control logic module.Difference between V1b and the Vref is detected by error amplifier simultaneously; and through computing processing and amplifying and low-pass filtering process; impel Comparator_V to be output as height; the M0 conducting also produces size and V1b via Iout and M1; the inductive current minimum value Imin (H) that the Vref error amount is directly proportional; while N_ON; P_ON control M2N turn-offs; M2P opens; inductive current IL begins to rise; up to the Ipeak that reaches inductance peak value protective circuit regulation; peak current protection impelling power switch pipe state exchange; M2N turn-offs; M2P opens; the IL electric current begins to descend; when it drops to when equating with Imin (H); Comparator_1 output ICU overturns; impel Logic control module to change the state of N_ON and P_ON; the power switch pipe state is changed once more; M2N opens; M2P turn-offs; IL restarts to rise; so go round and begin again; IL presents the feature that ripple changes; with Imin in the prior art is 0 to compare; Imin raises with the Iout increase; not only can reduce the unlatching and the turn-off time of power switch pipe simultaneously; and then reduce the ripple cycle, and can reduce the peak-to-peak value (Ipeak-Imin (H)) of ripple, fundamentally solved conventional P FM type DC/DC boost converter bigger defective of ripple under fully loaded transportation condition.
Under the underloading condition, V1b is greater than Vref, the CS signal is low, make that the Logic control module related circuit is locked, anti-phase through comparing under the signal after computing amplification and the Filtering Processing and the fully loaded transportation condition, cause electric current to produce transistor M0 and turn-off, Imin still is 0, circuit just can be operated under traditional PFM modulation system like this, and the power switch transistor working pulse cycle is elongated, and then has guaranteed higher efficient.
Claims (6)
1. pulse-frequency modulation DC/DC boost converter in order to become voltage to be higher than the DC power supply of the stable output of this DC power supply one direct current power source conversion, comprises:
One Logic control module carries out the DC/DC conversion in order to produce an impulse frequency switch;
One feedback network circuit is in order to produce the feedback signal in response to output voltage values;
One error amplifier circuit is in order to carry out processing and amplifying with the difference between feedback voltage and the reference voltage;
One low-pass filtering electric current and voltage modular converter in order to the error signal elimination HFS after will amplifying, and is converted to the inductive current minimum value of changing usefulness for DC/DC;
One CS signal generating circuit, promptly the feedback voltage detection comparator in order to the difference between detection feedback voltage and the reference voltage, and changes the work of CS signal controlling Logic control module;
One ICU signal generating circuit in order to the difference between comparison inductive current minimum value and the inductive current, and changes the work of ICU signal controlling Logic control module.
2. as the pulse-frequency modulation DC in the claim 1/DC boost converter, it with the variation of output voltage, increases the minimum value of inductive current automatically under fully loaded transportation condition.
3. as the pulse-frequency modulation DC in the claim 1/DC boost converter, it drops to 0 with the inductive current minimum value automatically under the underloading condition.
4. as the pulse-frequency modulation DC in the claim 2/DC boost converter, error amplifier wherein is made of an operational amplifier that is circumscribed with build-out resistor, with the positive difference between reference voltage and the feedback voltage, amplify by certain gain, and as the input of low-pass filter circuit, the CS signal generating circuit detects positive difference simultaneously, the CS signal is put 1, open the power switch pipe relevant control circuit in the Logic control module, low-pass filtering electric current and voltage modular converter is under the effect of Logic control module output, input voltage is carried out low-pass filtering treatment, and filtered voltage signal is converted to current signal by the electric current and voltage converting unit, and as the minimum value of inductive current, for the ICU signal generating circuit is monitored in real time.
5. as the pulse-frequency modulation DC in the claim 2/DC boost converter, its ICU signal generating circuit is managed by power switch PMOS, inductive current detector tube and detection comparator constitute, the difference that detection comparator is monitored between the inductive current minimum value that is obtained by low-pass filtering electric current and voltage modular converter in the output current value and inductive current detector tube in the power switch PMOS pipe in real time changes, and when both are equal, change the state of ICU signal, make Logic control module change the control impuls of power switch pipe, reduce the opening time of power switch PMOS pipe, realize the low ripple DC/DC conversion under the heavy duty.
6. as the pulse-frequency modulation DC in the claim 3/DC boost converter, under the underloading condition, fail to make the work of electric current and voltage converting unit through error amplifier amplification, the reference voltage of low-pass filter circuit filtering and the negative difference of feedback voltage, the inductive current minimum value returns to 0, and the CS signal generating circuit puts 0 with CS, turn-off correspondent control circuits in the Logic control module, the inductive current minimum value that detects in the ICU signal generating circuit descends.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2006100156265A CN100483908C (en) | 2006-09-11 | 2006-09-11 | Pulse-frequency modulation DC/DC booster converter |
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| CNB2006100156265A CN100483908C (en) | 2006-09-11 | 2006-09-11 | Pulse-frequency modulation DC/DC booster converter |
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| CN100483908C true CN100483908C (en) | 2009-04-29 |
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| JP4855343B2 (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2012-01-18 | ローム株式会社 | Movable member driving device, control circuit thereof, and touch panel device |
| GB0715254D0 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2007-09-12 | Wolfson Ltd | Amplifier circuit |
| CN101552554B (en) * | 2009-05-11 | 2011-02-16 | 南京航空航天大学 | Control circuit of cascade type buck-boost converter and control method thereof |
| JP5226753B2 (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2013-07-03 | レノボ・シンガポール・プライベート・リミテッド | Charging system and charging method |
| CN102371416B (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2014-03-12 | 江苏科技大学 | Single-switch energy-saving inverter welding machine |
| US9887624B2 (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2018-02-06 | Infineon Technologies Austria Ag | System and method for a switching converter |
| CN107370366B (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2024-04-23 | 瓴芯电子科技(无锡)有限公司 | Step-down DC-DC converter system |
| CN109494982B (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2023-10-27 | 上海艾为电子技术股份有限公司 | Switching power supply control mode switching circuit and switching power supply chip |
| CN111220893B (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2024-06-07 | 上海泽丰半导体科技有限公司 | Power supply daughter board and testing machine |
| CN113014251B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2023-06-02 | 西安微电子技术研究所 | Frequency-adjustable oscillator control circuit for DC-DC switching power supply |
| CN113102208B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-05-31 | 东莞声索电子有限公司 | Automatic frequency tracking device and automatic frequency tracking method for generator of ultrasonic cleaning machine |
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Denomination of invention: Pulse frequency modulation type DC/DC boost converter Effective date of registration: 20160511 Granted publication date: 20090429 Pledgee: Zhejiang bank Limited by Share Ltd Tianjin Hexi Branch Pledgor: Tianjin Innova Micro-electronics Technology Co., Ltd. Registration number: 2016120000020 |
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