CN100477496C - Apparatus and methods for electromagnetic processing of input signal - Google Patents
Apparatus and methods for electromagnetic processing of input signal Download PDFInfo
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- CN100477496C CN100477496C CNB2003801029632A CN200380102963A CN100477496C CN 100477496 C CN100477496 C CN 100477496C CN B2003801029632 A CNB2003801029632 A CN B2003801029632A CN 200380102963 A CN200380102963 A CN 200380102963A CN 100477496 C CN100477496 C CN 100477496C
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Abstract
Apparatus, method and article of manufacture are shown for linear signal modification. An input signal is modified by providing one or more non-linear current sources and regulating at least one of the one or more current sources to output a signal based on one or more of the input signal characteristics. The modification of the output signal includes both amplification and attenuation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to the adjustment of linear signal, relate in particular to the amplification and the decay of linear signal.
Background technology
Usually, adjusting (amplifying or decay) electromagnetic signal is the function of electronic building brick or system.Adjustment can be used for the system of arbitrary number, and is realized by linearity or nonlinear technology usually.Linear technique provides usually except size, have the very approaching output signal of relative input signal.Nonlinear technology provides does not usually have the very approaching output signal of relative input signal.
Non-linear or linear amplifier can be useful.Nonlinear amplifier can be used for ON/OFF and amplifies---and that is to say, needn't produce the accurate amplification of input signal, only be in the situation of amplifying signal.In the situation of the reproduction that linear amplifier can be used for expecting accurately, amplifies.
So, when the accurate reproduction of expectation, the expectation linear amplifier.Yet it is unwelcome in some cases that the poor efficiency of linear amplifier makes its use.Efficient is meant that amplifier is converted to the DC input power ability of power output.Consume more energy because linear amplifier has in output than nonlinear amplifier under the situation of signal of same intensity, so linear amplifier is lower than nonlinear amplifier efficient.And even when not amplifying, linear amplifier also needs static electric current, perhaps from the electric current of power supply.When using such as battery supply power-limited, nonlinear amplifier can be to make us expecting, because nonlinear amplifier needs considerably less usually or do not need quiescent current.
Yet in some field such as the signal processing of radio frequency (RF), nonlinear technology produces the less result that expects of not making us.For example, although linear amplifier since their signal reproduction accurately in the RF receiver, make us expecting, the power consumption constraints that linear amplifier is required their use, especially in portable, battery-driven equipment.
Carried out overcoming the trial of these difficulties in the prior art.For example, amplifier combination---using a plurality of amplifiers to amplify identical signal---is a kind of method of attempting balance linearity and non-linear benefits.Yet these are attempted owing to different difficulties are restricted so far.For example, the amplifier combined method use such as transformer or four minutes swash (quarter wave line) the assembly output that comes the addition amplifier so that drive load.These assemblies have increased the cost and the size of amplifier array.
Therefore, if can use the linear amplifier technology that effective amplifying technique is provided, then help the signal adjustment of prior art in conjunction with nonlinear technology.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the invention comprise the device and method of the Electromagnetic Treatment that is used for input signal (a).Described device comprises: the current source (25a-g) that a plurality of independences are controlled, each current source activates according to a corresponding digital amplitude signal in a plurality of digital amplitude signals, the amplitude response of the described input signal of described digital amplitude signal indication, when being activated, analogue phase signal based on the described phase of input signals characteristic of expression produces a plurality of output signals, and described a plurality of output signal is directly made up to produce the output signal (b) of combination.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of amplifier that the relative accuracy of linear amplifier is combined with the relative efficiency and the power consumption of nonlinear amplifier.
The amplifier of preferred embodiment comprises one or more non-linear current source.Described current source is when being transfused to the one or more characteristics expectation of signal and be enabled and/or forbidden energy.In concrete preferred embodiment, being combined from the output of one or more current sources drives load.If used a plurality of current sources, then described current source can be weighted, so that to the different magnitude of current of output contribution.By the output of combination, provide a kind of linear amplification of signal from a current source or a plurality of current sources.In addition, also be possible in different embodiment linear attenuation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows preferred embodiment.
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of the work of Fig. 1 embodiment.
Fig. 3 shows preferred embodiment.
Fig. 4 A-B shows the output characteristic of the current source with regional A and A/2 respectively.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention comprise device, method and the product that is used for the linear signal adjustment.Term as used herein " signal " should be interpreted as to comprise the any-mode that data is sent to another place from a place widely, for example, electric current or electromagnetic field, include but not limited to direct current of connecting and cutting off or the electromagnetic carrier that exchanges or comprise one or more data flow.For example, stacked data can be added on carrier current or the carrier wave by modulation, this can realize with simulation or digital form.Term as used herein " data " also should be interpreted as message or the out of Memory that comprises any type widely, for example is not limited to, such as audio frequency, text and/or the video etc. of sound.
Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment.Input signal a is provided for digital signal processor 10.Digital signal processor 10 comprises analog to digital converter 11, is used for for example using rectangular coordinate or I, Q data that signal is carried out digitlization.Then, rectangular coordinate receives I, Q data to polar converter 12, and it is transformed into polar coordinates.Should be noted that in other embodiments if necessary, the signal of digitized representations can be provided to a rectangular to polar converter.In these embodiments, can produce described digitized representations in multiple mode well known in the prior art.And, although this embodiment is described to use digitized signal and I, Q data and polar data, but those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that other embodiment and is not limited thereto, and can use any numeral or analog wave form or their combination.
Return the embodiment of Fig. 1 now, rectangular coordinate is for example got and is made form R, P (sin) and P (cos) to the polar digitized signal of polar converter 12 outputs.In this example, the amplitude response of R coordinate representation signal.The phase characteristic of P (sin) and P (cos) coordinate representation signal.Should be noted that " characteristic " used is meant the electromagnetic signal characteristic, for example frequency, voltage, amplitude (comprising amplitude and envelope), phase place, electric current, waveform or pulse herein.Other embodiment can derive one or more characteristics of signals from input signal by expectation.
Briefly turn to Fig. 2, show schematic diagram according to signal Fig. 1 embodiment, that be converted.Input signal a has been converted into amplitude components m and phase component p, and described amplitude components comprises cycle t
1The amplitude characteristic of last input signal, described phase component comprise the phase characteristic of last carrier wave of same cycle.By preferred embodiment, show the output signal b after amplifying.Should be noted that the time cycle is desired in this and other embodiment.For example, some embodiment can use different sampling rates to derive the amplitude and the phase characteristic of signal, so as the resolution of maximum signal (resolution), maximum speed of operation etc.In different embodiment, also can dynamically determine these sampling rates, so they change during operation.In a preferred embodiment, the division of input signal is synchronous, so that maximize the accuracy of output and minimize any distortion.
Turn back to Fig. 1 now, send amplitude and phase characteristic by the path of separating then.Along path a
m, via transducer 13 amplitude response of input signal is converted to digit pulse, described digit pulse comprises and is quantified as a B
0To B
N-1Numeric word, have highest significant position (" MSB ") to least significant bit (" LSB ").In different embodiment, described numeric word can be different length.Usually, word is long more, and then the playback accuracy of input signal is high more.Described numeric word provides index signal or control decay in the mode that further describes below and/or amplifies.Certainly, following further describing in other embodiments, can be used the different numeric words of forming, and the derivation of other type of amplitude or other characteristics of signals and/or provide.
In the embodiment in figure 1, show seven control assembly line a that are guided out from transducer 13
m1-a
m7.In a preferred embodiment, the quantity of these control assembly lines depends on the resolution (resolution) of word.In the preferred embodiment, word has seven bit resolutions.Should be noted that in Fig. 1 described control assembly line is merged into the single path a that imports to control assembly 22a-g in order to be easy to watch this figure
mYet, in an embodiment, following further describing, described control assembly line is not combined, be fed into control assembly separately on the contrary.
Phase characteristic is gone through path a
pHerein, phase characteristic at first is modulated to ripple by digital to analog converter 18 and synthesizer (it is a voltage controlled oscillator) in concrete preferred embodiment.Synthesizer 20 provides output wave, and described output wave is made up of phase information.This output wave has constant envelope, that is, its amplitude does not change, yet it has the phase characteristic of original incoming wave, and is sent to driver 24, is driver line a then
p1-a
p7.Then, the described ripple that separates in the middle of driver line is fed into current source 25a-25g, and with the potential drive current source 25a-25g that is used for, as described further below.In other embodiments, can also use other source of other wave property except phase characteristic.
Should be noted that in the present embodiment transistor can be used as current source 25a-25g.In addition, in other embodiments, one or more transistors of segmentation can suitably be used as current source 25a-25g.Current source 25a-25g needn't be configured to be similar to voltage source work, for example makes transistor saturated, and this will disturb the currents combination of the expectation in described source.
Path a
m(comprise aforesaid control assembly line a
m1-a
m7) stop at control assembly current source 22a-g.Although among following other embodiment that further describes, can use other source and other regulation scheme of other wave property, in concrete preferred embodiment, there is switching transistor, and current source preferably.Control assembly 22a-g is switched by the position of the numeric word of exporting from amplitude component (component), and by regulating from the numeric word of amplitude component output.If the position is " 1 " or " height ", then connect the control corresponding assembly, so electric current flows to suitable current source 25a-g along biasing control line 23a-g from this control assembly.Noticed that as above the length of numeric word can change, therefore in different embodiment, figure place, control assembly, control assembly line, driver line, biasing control line, current source etc. can correspondingly change.And, in different embodiment, needn't be corresponding one by one in the middle of digital word resolution, assembly, line and current source.
If control assembly is connected, then current source 25a-g receives the electric current from control assembly, therefore regulates each current source according to this assembly.In concrete preferred embodiment, suitable control assembly provides bias current to current source, following further describing, so control assembly can be known as bias control circuit, and a large amount of control assemblys is as biasing networks.In certain embodiments, if desired, can expect to use switching network to one or more current sources statistics or dynamically distribute one or more bias control circuits.
Return the embodiment of Fig. 1 now, each current source serves as potential current source, and can produce the electric current of exporting to current source line 26a-g respectively.Each current source can or can not serve as current source, therefore can or can not produce electric current, because it is regulated by the digital word value of suitable index signal or adjusting control assembly.The activation of any section (segment) and all depend on to come the value of suitable position of numeral of the amplitude component of the suitable control assembly of self-regulation from the generation of the electric current of this section.Should be noted that in a preferred embodiment current source is not an amplifier or a plurality of amplifier, but serve as a plurality of current sources of amplifier, as described herein.In fact, in a preferred embodiment, amplify and/or decay can be considered to the function of those embodiment, so amplifier and/or attenuator can be considered to be used to the electronic building brick or the system of amplifying and/or decaying.
The electric current of combination, promptly the summation from any electric current of current source 25a-g output is current source output.Therefore embodiment can serve as attenuator and/or amplifier.Between current source, needn't there be other circuit or assembly to make up electric current, thereby available output current is provided from each current source.Therefore, the combination current (shown in b) of output can be by expectation by usefulness, for example as amplifier, attenuator, to drive load etc. on online 27.
In a preferred embodiment, output of the electric current of current source and size variation.This is to providing different weights by the potential electric current that provides of those current sources.For example, in a preferred embodiment, the size of first current source is the twice of next current source, and the size of this next one current source is the twice of next current source successively, or the like, current source to the last.The quantity of current source can with the figure place of digital control word coupling, thereby maximum current source by the MSB control of amplitude word, inferior big current source is by the next bit control of described word, or the like, up to sending to minimum current source LSB.Certainly, noticed as above that other embodiment can have the current source of the match bit of different mode, comprised the use of switching network.And, in concrete preferred embodiment, provide two current sources of identical size, and the size variation of current source.In other embodiments, other wave property can be offered other current source, thereby regulate those sources.
Should be noted that in the present invention current source is by non-linear biasing.Therefore, current source is worked effectively arbitrarily.Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment, reduced power consumption.In addition, as mentioned above, as the result according to the characteristics of signals current source regulation, the output signal that obtains has the accurate relatively linearity and proportionality for input signal.The amplifier of the power consumption of a kind of linear operation with the relative accuracy that has made up relative efficiency and nonlinear operation accordingly, in a preferred embodiment, can be provided.
For example, return the embodiment of Fig. 1, if one of current source 25a-g connects, then it will serve as the non-linear current source with relative efficiency of following.If a plurality of current sources disconnect, then described source consumes power or non-consumed power seldom.Linear characteristic seems better, because each current source of conducting provides the current contribution that becomes similar ratio with the amplitude response of input signal, therefore, provides reproducing relatively accurately of input signal.
In the preferred embodiment of Fig. 1, current source 25a-g comprises one or more HBT transistors.Can use other transistor and other current source such as FET.Also can insert other assembly, for example be used for reducing to the variable gain amplifier or the attenuator of the drive current of transistor segments, non-linear component etc. along amplitude path.
Fig. 3 has described according to another embodiment of the invention, for example will use in transmitter.Driver 516 is introduced gain to carrier signal.Driver 516 uses electric heater 518 to be coupled to one or more, a plurality of current sources 508 preferably alternatively.At biasing networks B
0-B
N-1In, current source 508 is enabled or forbidden energy according to the bias current that is provided by control assembly 520.In a preferred embodiment, control assembly 520 is traditional switched current sources, and current source 508 is transistors.One or more output currents that can combination current source 508 also are entered into load 506, thereby the signal that is exaggerated is provided.In this embodiment, any electric current of exporting from current source 508 is combined and is imported into load 506.If the bearing power of combination is less than input power, then Zu He current source serves as attenuator.
By carrier signal, preferably the RF signal comes the phase modulation characteristic.Use institute's modulated carrier signal to come preferably drive current source 508 simultaneously.Can use non-linear driver in this embodiment, because carrier signal does not comprise amplitude information.Add output current then,,, can directly make up any electric current, thereby provide the signal that amplifies and/or decay to drive load 506 at node 509 because as mentioned above so that obtain the output signal of substantially linear from current source.Electric current that is added or the electric current of exporting from current source can be directly inputted to load, and do not need other assembly, for example transformer or four partial wave transmission lines.
In the embodiments of figure 3, each current source that enables is to the output signal of adjusting and thus to the electric current of load contribution binary weighting, the twice of the electric current of contribution when thereby current source 508A/2 is current source 508A/4 work, the twice of the electric current of contribution when current source 508A/4 is current source 508A/8 work, or the like, but, as will be appreciated, also can use the weighting of other suitable type according to expectation.
In this embodiment, by current offset is enabled or forbidden energy current source 508A/2-A/N to each device, and be used to select the controlling mechanism of the current source that enables to use from by digital control line B
0To B
N-1The digital code that the amplitude characteristic of expression produces.Therefore, index signal is imported into current source 508A/2-A/N, thereby enables or each current source of forbidden energy.Yet the controlling mechanism that should be appreciated that current source can be the bias current that is produced by corresponding switched current source, and it is provided for the control end of current source, for example transistorized base stage.
According to preferred embodiment, best digital amplitude characteristic.In one embodiment, with the peak amplitude setting for equaling digitized full scale (for example), so that improve the linearity when all positions are set to when high.Perhaps, can be the full scale (for example greater or lesser) of non-digitalization with the peak amplitude setting.If the peak amplitude is set to less than full scale, then may there be the increase of gain, because for the given power level of the carrier signal of phase modulated, mean output power level increases.
In relevant transmitter, the ability that the use of preferred embodiment can provide wide band amplitude to adjust, because because low relatively input capacitance, the linear amplification and/or the decay of passing big relatively frequency spectrum are possible.Therefore, some embodiment can be used for honeycomb and other transmitter, as further describe herein.
Advantageously, embodiments of the invention amplify and can raise the efficiency with respect to conventional power, because the linearity of transmission does not depend on the linearity of amplifier, but only depend on the how linear linearity that is increased to load of electric current.Correspondingly, each current source can be biased to non-linear current source, and for example class B or C are so that maximum efficiency.Can further raise the efficiency, because seldom or not have quiescent current consumption for the current source existence of forbidden energy.
In the graphic embodiment of institute, can easily realize power control, because output current depends primarily on signal drive level.For example, the increase of the signal drive level of use variable gain amplifier or attenuator or corresponding increase or the minimizing that minimizing causes output current.In addition, to the increase of the biasing of driving governor or reduce increase respectively or the minimizing that also causes output current.
Should be appreciated that as expected arbitrary embodiment of the present invention can use the current source of any adequate types, for example transistor segments and/or form and miscellaneous equipment or method.
In a preferred embodiment, be configured to single integrated circuit, can realize weighting by the section with different semiconductor regions is provided.Fig. 4 A-B shows the output characteristic (that is load line) of two sections that have regional A and A/2 respectively.Size when the zone of a section reduces by a half, also reduces half by described section electric current that offers load.This is because have half current density of big section than segment.
Amplifier according to the embodiment of the invention can provide direct digital interface for base band DSP function.Amplifier also can dynamically be arranged to hold multiple modulation format and wireless network standards.A kind of advantage is: the cost and the size that can reduce use equipment of this amplifier on the one hand according to the present invention.And output current is combined to load, so that produce the voltage of the analog representation that can be amplitude response, so amplifier is also carried out digital-to-analogue conversion.
Various types of system configurations can be used to construct embodiments of the invention.Therefore, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand, and embodiments of the invention or its each assembly and/or feature can be formed in whole combination by hardware, software or software and hardware.On the semiconductor subassembly of expectation, for example integrated circuit or application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) mechanism, described embodiment or each assembly also can be provided; Some examples comprise silicon (Si), germanium silicide (SiGe) or GaAs (GaAs) substrate.
Under the situation that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention and category, each embodiment can adjust each parameter.For example, the length of numeric word can be long or shorter in each embodiment, and this may provide digitlization more accurate or not too accurate ripple.Again for example, as mentioned above, figure place, control assembly, control assembly line, driver line.Biasing control line, current source etc. can all be variable on demand.
Although described the present invention by diagrammatic embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art can carry out other improvement and adjustment.Therefore, the present invention is shown in it is not limited thereto aspect wideer and described detail.For example, under the situation that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention and category, can adjust.In addition, some preferred embodiment can comprise the amplifier that is exclusively used in special input signal, carrier wave and output signal, for example, some embodiment can be used for different RF, microprocessor, microcontroller and/or computer equipment, for example such as the cell phone of CDMA, CDMA2000, W-CDMA, GSM, TDMA etc., and other wired and wireless device, for example bluetooth, 802.11a,-b ,-g, radar, 1xRTT, two-way radio, GPRS, computer and computer communication complex, PDA and other portable equipment etc.Therefore, the present invention often is not limited to concrete graphic embodiment, but within whole spirit and category of additional claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (9)
1. device that is used for the Electromagnetic Treatment of input signal (a), described device comprises:
The current source (25a-g) that a plurality of independences are controlled, each current source activates according to a corresponding digital amplitude signal in a plurality of digital amplitude signals, the amplitude response of the described input signal of described digital amplitude signal indication, when being activated, analogue phase signal based on the described phase of input signals characteristic of expression produces a plurality of output signals, and described a plurality of output signal is directly made up to produce the output signal (b) of combination.
2. the device that is used for the Electromagnetic Treatment of input signal as claimed in claim 1, described device also comprises:
A plurality of control assemblys (22a-g), each control assembly are configured to produce control signal according to a corresponding digital amplitude signal in the described digital amplitude signal;
The described activation of wherein said a plurality of independent controllable current sources is undertaken by a corresponding control signal in the described control signal.
3. the device that is used for the Electromagnetic Treatment of input signal as claimed in claim 2, each in wherein said a plurality of independent controllable current sources are configured to produce the output signal of weighting when activating.
4. the device that is used for the Electromagnetic Treatment of input signal as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
Each independent controllable current source in described a plurality of independent controllable current source serves as nonlinear amplifier;
Each output signal in described a plurality of output signal is the non-linear amplification of weighting of described analogue phase signal; With
The output signal of described combination is the linear amplification of described input signal.
5. the device that is used for the Electromagnetic Treatment of input signal as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
In described a plurality of independent controllable current source each comprises transistor (508); With
Each described transistor is configured to utilize and drives described transistor by driver signal in its base stage;
Each described driver signal comprises the combination of a corresponding control signal in described analogue phase signal and the described control signal.
6. the device that is used for the Electromagnetic Treatment of input signal as claimed in claim 5, wherein each described driver signal comprise a corresponding control signal in described analogue phase signal and the described control signal electric current and.
7. the device that is used for the Electromagnetic Treatment of input signal as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
Described a plurality of control assembly comprises N control assembly;
The controlled current source of described a plurality of independence comprises N independent controlled current source; With
Described digital amplitude signal comprises a plurality of numeric words, and each numeric word comprises N position (B
0To B
N-1), B wherein
0The expression least significant bit, B
N-1The expression highest significant position.
8. the device that is used for the Electromagnetic Treatment of input signal as claimed in claim 7, wherein
N control assembly in the described N control assembly receives the n position (B in the N position of each numeric word in described a plurality of numeric word
n, 0≤n≤N-1);
Position (the B that it receives is depended in the activation of n control assembly in the described N control assembly
n) value; With
N control assembly in the described N control assembly is configured to produce a corresponding control signal in the described control signal when activating.
9. the device that is used for the Electromagnetic Treatment of input signal as claimed in claim 8, wherein:
N independent controlled current source in the controlled current source of described a plurality of independence is configured to: in response to a corresponding control signal in the described control signal, produce the output signal (i of n weighting
n, 0≤n≤N-1); With
Output signal (the i of described n weighting
n) be weighted into and equal i
0/ 2
n
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US41731302P | 2002-10-08 | 2002-10-08 | |
| US60/417,313 | 2002-10-08 | ||
| US10/294,358 | 2002-11-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1711677A CN1711677A (en) | 2005-12-21 |
| CN100477496C true CN100477496C (en) | 2009-04-08 |
Family
ID=35632720
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200380105376 Pending CN1723611A (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-10-08 | Apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for multiband signal processing |
| CN 200380101026 Pending CN1703827A (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-10-08 | Apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for multiband signal processing |
| CNB2003801029632A Expired - Fee Related CN100477496C (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-10-08 | Apparatus and methods for electromagnetic processing of input signal |
Family Applications Before (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200380105376 Pending CN1723611A (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-10-08 | Apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for multiband signal processing |
| CN 200380101026 Pending CN1703827A (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-10-08 | Apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for multiband signal processing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (3) | CN1723611A (en) |
-
2003
- 2003-10-08 CN CN 200380105376 patent/CN1723611A/en active Pending
- 2003-10-08 CN CN 200380101026 patent/CN1703827A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1711677A (en) | 2005-12-21 |
| CN1723611A (en) | 2006-01-18 |
| CN1703827A (en) | 2005-11-30 |
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