CN100465729C - 用于背式照明的中空楔形光导 - Google Patents

用于背式照明的中空楔形光导 Download PDF

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CN100465729C
CN100465729C CNB028219724A CN02821972A CN100465729C CN 100465729 C CN100465729 C CN 100465729C CN B028219724 A CNB028219724 A CN B028219724A CN 02821972 A CN02821972 A CN 02821972A CN 100465729 C CN100465729 C CN 100465729C
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R·J·萨坎曼诺
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0038—Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0045—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide
    • G02B6/0046—Tapered light guide, e.g. wedge-shaped light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0096—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the lights guides being of the hollow type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133615—Edge-illuminating devices, i.e. illuminating from the side

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract

一种楔形中空光导包括一具有全内反射特征(11)的顶部平面(10)和具有受偏转反射光提取特征(21)的底部平面。

Description

用于背式照明的中空楔形光导
技术领域
本发明涉及用于信息显示、照明、以及直接点明的用具的均匀分布准直光。
背景技术
例如个人电脑中使用的现有的光波导是由例如塑料的固体材料制成。
发明内容
本发明是一种基于模组构造技术的楔形中空边缘受光波导。该波导采用空气而不是折射媒介。该波导由光学薄膜制成，该光学薄膜与那些可商业获得的膜(片或卷)相似并且可以切割成适合各种显示几何形状的大小。
附图说明
图1是依照本发明的楔形中空光导的前视图。
图2是图1的楔形中空光导的后视图。
图3是图1的楔形中空光导的横截面图。
图4为了解释的目的示出圆锥光分布几何形状。
图5描述了模拟模型几何形状，用以检验本发明一个说明性实施例的光学性能。
图6示出光斑位置图的输出，是从进行一项检验图5实施例性能的模拟而得出的，显示出均匀的光分布。
图7示出光斑方向角度轮廓输出，是从进行一项检验图5实施例性能的模拟而得出的，显示所需光线和重影成像。
图8是一个片穿过图7光斑方向角度轮廓的图像表现。
图9示出自图5光导的模拟光线轨迹中的一些光线的细节。
图10描述了沿光线传播方向观察的、图5的楔形光导的另一截面图。
图11是图5中楔形光导、沿光传播的方向的、光线轨迹细节。
图12描述沿垂直于光传播方向观察的，图5的楔形光导的另一截面图。
图13是图5的楔形光导、沿垂直于光传播方向的、光线轨迹细节。
附图中主要元件标号清单
下面是以数字顺序排列的附图中主要元件的标号清单。
5  (光线的)圆锥角
10 顶部平面薄片
11 全内反射特征(顶部平面薄片)
20 底部平面薄片
21 反射光提取特征
100底部表面
具体实施方式
实现本发明的模式
首先介绍附图1，一个中空楔形光导由一顶部平面10和一倾斜的底部平面20组成。所述底部平面20包括设置成梯田型的反射光提取特征21。优点在于，这种梯田型提取特征使光的不准直性效果最小化。楔形中空光导的侧表面30是镜面反射体。
楔形波导的光提取表面21绕垂直于光出口平面的一个轴“偏转”，该光出口平面对应于顶部平面薄片10的内表面。本发明人发现一“偏转角度”：光导的提取特征相对输入孔是倾斜的，并且为了以优选角度偏转光，对于实际的中空楔形光导有需要绕出口的法线偏转(或“转动”)。
光入射面是一个简单的矩形开口，该矩形开口由顶部平面薄片10、底部平面薄片20、和镜面侧表面30限定。
顶部平面薄片还包括一具有全内反射特征11的顶部表面。在本发明的一个实施例中，这些全内反射特征11是由例如，Whitehead(US Patene 4,260,22)所教导的全内反射膜(TIR)形成。在本发明的某些实施例中，所述全内反射特征11基本上不如所述顶部平面薄片10大部分材料透明。
顶部平面薄片10的结构包括支撑一个或多个薄膜的透明结构组件。薄层通过如表面叠层或边缘紧固的技术来支撑。在大多数可穿透的微结构薄膜中，必须保持空气间隙以确保良好的光学性能。结构组件的例子有光学级塑料薄板原料，例如那些源于Ineos Acrylics
Figure C02821972D00041
 and Perspex TM)，ATOFINA Chemicals
Figure C02821972D00042
 and 
Figure C02821972D00043
)，GE
Figure C02821972D00044
)以及非-双折射聚合体在此中详述以做参考。还可以使用玻璃支撑结构，例如在生产液晶显示装置(类型7059，1737，以及EAGLE2000)中使用的造粒硼硅酸盐玻璃(Corning borosilicate glasses)。该塑料薄板提供非常好的光学透明度，低成本和比玻璃更柔韧的抵挡能力。玻璃薄片提供更好的光学质量，以及高温性能以适用于具有不同功能涂层的应用中。
侧壁30是相对的、平行的镜面反射体。例如，他们可以是3M公司生产的、或Silverlux制造的。非光学结构的组件能够支撑这些薄层，使用标准的压敏粘合剂，例如那些由3M、Nittodenko或Adhesives Research生产的。该支撑组件位于反射体的非受照侧。在某些实施例中，该侧壁30由光学纯净材料制成，其上覆盖有例如银或铝的反射材料以在该结构组件上形成一镜面反射体。
现在参照图3，进入输入矩形孔的光从底部平面薄板20的反射表面或TIR特征11反射，直到光线射到偏转的提取特征21上。由于在下面的提取薄膜上的偏转，光线被引向不垂直于TIR薄层，为了纠正该倾斜，TIR薄层应提供使光线垂直于其平板表面并射到其“阶梯面”(即，每个阶梯化特征由梯型表面和较小的上升的表面组成，借用建筑业有关楼梯-阶梯的术语)。由于TIR薄层上阶梯式特征的上升的表面，较少百分比的光以非所需角度形成“重影”。在一些具体实施例中，用黑化和/或最小化上升表面的高度来消除重影。
参照图4，传入本发明楔形中空光导中的光100具有关于中心轴对称的角度分布5，其中该轴代表最佳的传播方向。该方向在出口孔平面中平行于侧壁30，并且从矩形孔入射向该光导的末端传输。
图5-13示出各种横截面图和该中空楔形光导的光学模拟光路图。图5描述了该用于检验本发明说明性实施例的光学性能的模拟模型几何形状。图6示出光斑位置图输出，显示模拟进行检验附图5的实施例性能的均匀光分布。
图7示出光斑方向角度轮廓输出，显示模拟进行检验图5的实施例性能的所需的光线和重影。图8是一片穿过图7光斑方向角度轮廓的图像表现。
图9示出来自图5光导的模拟光线轨迹的一些光线的细节。图10示出从光传播的方向观察，图5的楔形光导的另一截面图。图11是沿光传播的方向，图5楔形光导的光线轨迹细节。图12示出了沿垂直于光传播的方向观察的另一截面图。图13是沿垂直于光传播方向，光线轨迹的细节。
说明书中的缩写：
LCD 液晶显示装置
TIR 全内反射
可替换的实施例
可替换的实施例是指不脱离本发明精神和范围的设计。本发明的所述照明部分可以广泛地应用，包括，但并不限制于，车辆上的照明，探照灯，作业照明和投影系统。该显示系统应用于交通领域中，例如飞机驾驶舱，和其他应用其中视角，方位，热量，和/或结构问题都是涉及的。在材料性能和折射率限制的其它参数确定后，所述光波长能够设在可见光的波长范围内。

Claims (4)

1.一种中空楔形光导，包括：
(a)一个矩形输入孔，其具有平行的相对的顶部和底部边缘和平行的相对的侧边缘；
(b)一个透明顶部平面薄片，其垂直地附于所述矩形输入孔的顶部边缘上；
(c)一个底部平面薄片，其附于所述矩形孔的底部边缘上，其中所述底部平面薄片朝向所述顶部平面薄片的方向倾斜，在顶部平面薄片和底部平面薄片之间形成间隙，该间隙沿所述光导长度方向减小；
(d)其中所述顶部平面薄片还包括在其上具有全内反射特征的顶部表面，所述全内反射特征包括，
(i)多个直角三角形横截面，其基本上沿所述顶部平面薄片的长度方向布置，多个直角三角形横截面的长度垂直于所述矩形输入孔的顶部边缘；和
(e)其中所述底部平面薄片包括在一表面上的反射光提取特征，
(i)所述反射光提取特征包括多个以一预定偏转角度从平行于矩形孔开始角位移的表面。
2.如权利要求1中所述的光导，其中所述直角三角形具有基本上不如所述顶部平面薄片的大部分材料透明的表面部分。
3.如权利要求1中所述的光导，其中所述反射光提取特征选自包括锯齿特征，梯田特征，以及锯齿-梯田的组合特征的组。
4.如权利要求1中的光导，还包括透明结构元件以支撑该光导的形状。
CNB028219724A 2001-11-02 2002-10-30 用于背式照明的中空楔形光导 Expired - Fee Related CN100465729C (zh)

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US6895164B2 (en) 2005-05-17
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