CN100464268C - Wireless sensor network node device used for environmental monitoring - Google Patents
Wireless sensor network node device used for environmental monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- CN100464268C CN100464268C CNB2006100974184A CN200610097418A CN100464268C CN 100464268 C CN100464268 C CN 100464268C CN B2006100974184 A CNB2006100974184 A CN B2006100974184A CN 200610097418 A CN200610097418 A CN 200610097418A CN 100464268 C CN100464268 C CN 100464268C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
This invention relates to one wireless sensor network point device for animal and plant grow and cultivation indoor chamber, nuclear pollution area, atmosphere and industry spot environment monitor for environment temperature and humidity and atmosphere monitor; in the network, the point work environment is of complex one and independent unit with proper structure and special energy consumption, reliability and life cycle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is applicable to environmental monitorings such as the warmhouse booth, coring contaminated area, meteorology, industry spot of animal-breeding and plant culture, relates to the wireless sensor network technology field that is used for environment temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure monitoring.
Background technology
Existing environmental monitoring present situation weakness, its means mainly contain two kinds: a kind of is to reach the spot by personnel to monitor, promptly rely on monitoring personnel's experience to carry out artificial observation or adopt monitoring instruments such as Hygrothermograph to carry out artificial in-site measurement, this is a kind of more original monitoring method, serious waste human resources, shortage real-time and due science, be not suitable for the demanding occasion of real-time, also be not suitable for requiring occasion long-term or frequent monitoring; Second kind is that the line method that has that adopts is monitored, have that the cable reusability is low, system's investment is high, cost performance is low, operation and maintenance is inconvenient, extendability is poor, reliability is low, [king becomes the dispersed big many deficiencies such as occasion in particularly inapplicable monitored area, Qiao Xiaojun, Jiao Chunyan. distributed greenhouse information monitoring system. automatic technology and application, 2005,24 (1): 54-56].Therefore, press for a kind of technology of obtaining, handle, utilizing information efficiently, and realize intelligentized environmental monitoring [Scientia Agricultura Sinica mechanization research institute. domestic and international industrialized agriculture equipment technology development trend. spread application of agricultural science and technology, 2004 (12): 6-8].
Wireless sensor network is formed by being deployed in cheap small-sized or microsensor nodes a large amount of in the monitored area, form the self-organization intelligent network system of a multi-hop by communication, its objective is the information of obtaining and handle perceptive object in the network's coverage area collaboratively, and send to the observer.Wireless sensor network can be worked under long-term unattended state, has application prospect extremely widely in environmental monitoring, forest fire protection, the monitoring of biological habitat, reading intelligent agriculture, intelligent building, military target defendance, the fields such as the attack of terrorism, personal health monitoring and Smart Home of taking precautions against.The working method of wireless sensor network is, utilize the node image data, and utilize its wireless transmitter with the mode of multi-hop wirelessly receive and send messages, data transmission, and on its node, carry out signal Processing, at last with information transmission to the base station or terminal handle and output observer needed result once more.Because node is unit independently, special requirement is all arranged for the rationality of the applicability of its application, structure, energy consumption, reliability, lifetime etc.Though the technology in past has solved the subproblem in the wireless sensor network, still have a lot of methods and technical problem to need to solve in this environmental monitoring application facet.As: two joint dry cell power supplies are adopted in the node power supply, even the power consumption of node own is extremely low like this, but do not adopt certain safeguard measure owing to use in moist environment, or the quality problems of battery itself etc. cause the self-discharge of battery, node also will the very fast inefficacy owing to depleted of energy; Device selects improper making it can not adapt to monitoring of environmental fully; Adopting too much connector that each several part is plugged on causes structure extremely insecure together; Wet environment, particularly precipitation are easy to cause the sensor node line short.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters: the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of wireless sensor network node device that is used for environmental monitoring, improve to use applicability, reasonable structure, energy efficiency, enhancing node viability, to increase node lifetime and performance such as anti-interference.
Technical scheme: the wireless sensor network node device that is used for environmental monitoring of the present invention is realized by following scheme:
Radio sensing network node adopts the radio sensing network node mainboard to add the thought of radio receiving transmitting module (node main body).Consider individual nodes easily with terminal communication or node deployment before terminal give the needs of node programming program, made only when demand, just connects use with the node main body with the terminal communication module.Here, we define radio receiving transmitting module and with the terminal communication module be functional module.
In this device, the processor unit on the mainboard connect respectively memory cell, sensor unit, power supply unit, radio receiving transmitting module interface, with the terminal communication module interface; Radio receiving transmitting module in the functional module, with the terminal communication module respectively by the radio receiving transmitting module interface, link to each other with the processor unit of mainboard with the terminal communication module interface.In mainboard, " 47 " pin of the chip microprocessor chip " U1 " in the processor unit links to each other with " 2 " pin that random number produces chip " U4 ", and the data line of JTAG debug port is through resistance " R
22～25" on draw the back link to each other with " 54～57 " pin of chip microprocessor chip " U1 "; Link to each other with " 2,3 " pin of chip microprocessor chip " U1 " with the terminal communication module interface; Status indicator LED
1-3Link to each other with " 49,50,51 " pin of chip microprocessor chip " U1 "; " 8,1,2 " pin of memory chip in the memory cell " U3 " links to each other with " 27,28,30 " pin of chip microprocessor chip " U1 "; Sensor unit comprises multiway analog switch " U6 ", Temperature Humidity Sensor " U7 ", atmosphere pressure sensor " U8 ", and the multiway analog switch in the sensor unit " U6 " passes through I
2The C bus links to each other with " 25,26 " pin of chip microprocessor chip " U1 ", and Temperature Humidity Sensor " U7 ", atmosphere pressure sensor " U8 " link to each other with " 9,38,27,28,30 " pin of chip microprocessor chip " U1 " by multiway analog switch " U6 ".Voltage checking chip in the power supply unit " U5 " links to each other with " 46,54 " pin of chip microprocessor chip " U1 ", analog switch " V3 " links to each other with " 42 " pin and field effect transistor " V2 " in the chip microprocessor chip " U1 " respectively, voltage dependent resistor (VDR) " RT1 " links to each other with the solar panel both positive and negative polarity, the charging of field effect transistor " V2 " control solar panel, solar panel links to each other with rechargeable battery by diode " V1 ".With the terminal communication module be a separate modular, this module mainly comprises " RS232 " level conversion unit and voltage conversion unit, link to each other with " 13,15 " pin of " RS232 " level transferring chip " U9 " with the terminal communication module interface, " 16,17 " pin of " RS232 " level transferring chip " U9 " links to each other with " RS232 " interface " J7 ", the DC voltage input interface links to each other with " 1 " pin of voltage transitions chip " U10 ", and " 3 " pin of voltage transitions chip " U10 " links to each other with power interface " J1 " by power switch " S1 ".
Beneficial effect:
1) the present invention in design owing to adopted the practicality design, when reducing the node volume as far as possible, components and parts are made on the plate as far as possible, the radio receiving transmitting module interface J4 of the radio receiving transmitting module 5 on same block of plate and radio receiving transmitting module power interface J5 do not notice fastness yet, weld before the deployment, and, make structure of the present invention more reasonable with resin material parcel mainboard and radio receiving transmitting module.
2) the present invention has been owing to adopted the super low-power consumption design, comprising: chip microprocessor chip U1 supports multiple sleep pattern, can under various patterns, switch, and be the basis that node reaches lowest power consumption; As the maximum wireless receiving and dispatching of power consumption, select the radio transmitting and receiving chip U2 that supports low level mode for use; Temperature Humidity Sensor U7, atmosphere pressure sensor U8 have selected low-voltage, low-power consumption, small size, the wide sensor of operating temperature range for use, and its power lead, data line, clock line all are to link to each other with processor unit 1 with power supply by multiway analog switch U6, do not close corresponding analog switch during image data, sensor cuts off the power supply fully, thereby reaches extremely low power dissipation.
3) the present invention has been owing to adopted solar panel to charge to rechargeable battery, thereby greatly increased the lifetime of node.
4) the present invention pays close attention to the operating temperature range of node, the big components and parts of the equal selection work temperature range of each chip on mainboard and the radio receiving transmitting module, make that node can (the extreme lowest temperature in Harbin be-30.5C ° at-40C ° to+85C °, the extreme highest temperature in Chongqing is+44C °) and operate as normal, can make the present invention be suitable for most areas like this.
5) the present invention has been owing to adopted the described encapsulation process of technical scheme, make the present invention can be in wet environment operate as normal, and line short or battery drain fault can not take place.
6) the present invention is owing to have top 1), 4), 5) described in characteristics, can resist the high humidity, Exposure to Sunlight, dust storm, bump of common intensity etc., greatly strengthened the viability of node under rugged surroundings.
7) the present invention does not accomplish radio receiving transmitting module 5 to it as a part separately with mainboard, thereby has reduced the interference of mainboard to radio receiving transmitting module, improves the performance of radio receiving transmitting module.
8) handle of the present invention is made a module separately with the part of terminal communication, and this module is in observation site work, just with this module make individual nodes communicate by letter effectively with terminal or the preceding terminal of node deployment to node programming program.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a wireless sensor network node The general frame of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a wireless sensor network node mainboard schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a wireless sensor network node radio receiving transmitting module schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is wireless sensor network node of the present invention and terminal communication module principle figure.
Embodiment
Above-mentioned radio sensing network mainboard mainly comprises processor unit 1, memory cell 2, sensor unit 3 and power supply unit 4.Processor unit 1 comprises that again chip microprocessor chip U1, random number produce chip U4, JTAG debug port J3 and status indicator LED etc.Random number produces chip U4 and links to each other with processor chips U1; JTAG debug port J3 data line links to each other with chip microprocessor chip U1 through drawing the back on the resistance, and JTAG debug port J3 power lead links to each other with power supply unit 4; Link to each other with chip microprocessor chip U1 with terminal communication module interface J2; Status indicator LED links to each other with chip microprocessor chip U1.Memory chip U3 links to each other with chip microprocessor chip U1.Sensor unit 3 comprises multiway analog switch U6, Temperature Humidity Sensor U7 and atmosphere pressure sensor U8 etc.Multiway analog switch U6 in the sensor unit 3 passes through I
2The C bus links to each other with chip microprocessor chip U1, and Temperature Humidity Sensor U7, atmosphere pressure sensor U8 link to each other with chip microprocessor chip U1 by multiway analog switch U6.Power supply unit 4 comprises supply voltage detection chip U5, power supply indication LED, solar panel charging control circuit RT1, V1, V2, V3, power interface J1 and electric source filter circuit.Voltage checking chip U5 links to each other with chip microprocessor chip U1, voltage dependent resistor (VDR) RT1 links to each other with the solar panel both positive and negative polarity, analog switch V3 links to each other with field effect transistor V2 with chip microprocessor chip U1, the charging of field effect transistor V2 control solar panel, diode V1 links to each other with solar panel positive pole and rechargeable battery positive pole.Screw hole is placed at the mainboard diagonal angle.JTAG debug port J3, power supply indication LED and status indicator LED only for debugging usefulness, will be forbidden or be removed before the actual deployment node.
Above-mentioned radio receiving transmitting module 5 comprises radio transmitting and receiving chip U2, helical antenna A1, radio receiving transmitting module interface J4 and radio receiving transmitting module power interface J5.Helical antenna A1 links to each other with radio transmitting and receiving chip U2 by the I/O match circuit, radio transmitting and receiving chip U2 links to each other with chip microprocessor chip U1 by radio receiving transmitting module interface J4, and links to each other with power supply unit 4 by radio receiving transmitting module power interface J5.After debugging successfully, radio receiving transmitting module interface J4 and radio receiving transmitting module power interface J5 weldering are dead.
Above-mentioned and terminal communication module 6 comprise " RS232 " serial ports level transferring chip U9,5V direct current conversion 3V direct current chip U10,5V direct supply input interface J6, " RS232 " interface J7 and with terminal communication module interface J2." RS232 " serial ports level transferring chip U9 is by linking to each other with chip microprocessor chip U1 with terminal communication module interface J2, and links to each other with terminal by " RS232 " interface J7; 5V direct current conversion 3V direct current chip U10 input end links to each other with 5V direct supply input interface J6, and 5V direct current conversion 3V direct current chip U10 output terminal links to each other with above-mentioned power supply unit 4 by power interface J1.
Node also comprises node shell and battery case.Before the node actual deployment, do following work: battery case and node shell are pasted together with seccotine, mainboard and shell are fixed together with two screw diagonal angles, and mainboard, radio receiving transmitting module are with insulating and having certain flexible resin material sealing (to stay antenna outside; Hand down to posterity the sensor window), the antenna of radio receiving transmitting module is placed in the node box along mainboard one side is folding, and battery case adopts the insulating material sealing, and wiring point seals with insulating material equally.
Embodiment one:
Above-mentioned wireless sensor network node mainboard is to implement by the structure of Fig. 1, Fig. 2.Mainboard has mainly comprised processor unit 1, memory cell 2, sensor unit 3 and power supply unit 4.Chip microprocessor chip U1 selects the high-grade 8-bit microcontroller ATmega128L of AT company for use.It has following characteristics: the highest 8MHz frequency of operation, and the arithmetic speed height is finished in the great majority instruction in one-period; 128kFlash, 4kSRAM and 4kEEPROM in the sheet; Support multiple sleep patterns such as battery saving mode, power-down mode; Have multiple bus and sufficient IO interface; Has A/D, D/A interface; Low-voltage; Volume is little.Random number produces the DS2401 that chip U4 adopts Dallas company to produce, and links to each other with chip microprocessor chip U1.Produce random number as each other sign of node phase region.Temperature Humidity Sensor U7 selects SHT11 for use, and atmosphere pressure sensor U8 selects MS5534BM for use, and multiway analog switch U6 selects ADG715 for use.Temperature Humidity Sensor U7, atmosphere pressure sensor U8 link to each other with chip microprocessor chip U1 by multiway analog switch U6.Multiway analog switch U6 is by TWI (I
2C) bus is communicated by letter with chip microprocessor chip U1.Memory chip U3 selects the 4MFlashAT45DB041B of AT company for use, and links to each other with chip microprocessor chip U1.The temperature range of selected chip is as follows: and chip microprocessor chip U1 is-and 55C ° is to+125C °; Radio transmitting and receiving chip U2 is-40C ° is to+85C °; Multiway analog switch U6 is-55C ° is to+125C °; Temperature Humidity Sensor U7 is-40C ° is to+123.8C °; Atmosphere pressure sensor U8 is-40C ° is to+125C °; Memory chip U3 is-55C ° is to+125C °; Voltage checking chip U5 is-40C ° is to+85C °; Random number produces chip U4 and be-and 40C ° arrives+85C °.In view of above parameter value, make integral node can be operated in-40C ° is to+85C °, can work in most geographical environment.JTAG debug port J3 does not adopt the jtag interface of ten common pins, but selects for use the contact pin of 50mil to make the socket of six pins, and purpose is for reduce volume as far as possible.JTAG debug port J3 links to each other with the little process chip U1 of monolithic.Voltage checking chip U5 selects LM4041-1.2 for use, and links to each other with chip microprocessor chip U1.Solar panel and rechargeable battery powered is adopted in power supply unit 4 designs.The solar panel both positive and negative polarity links to each other with voltage dependent resistor (VDR) RT1, and analog switch V3 links to each other with little process chip U1 of monolithic and field effect transistor V2, and diode V1 links to each other with solar panel positive pole and rechargeable battery positive pole.
Embodiment two:
Above-mentioned radio receiving transmitting module 5 has been selected the CC1000 module of Chipcon company for use, and its characteristics have: low suppling voltage: 2.3V-3.6V, extremely low power dissipation, working band are 315,868,915MHz.It links to each other with mainboard by radio receiving transmitting module interface J4, radio receiving transmitting module power interface J5.Radio receiving transmitting module interface J4, radio receiving transmitting module power interface J5 make two parts and are scattered in the diagonal angle and place so that be fixedly mounted on the mainboard.Radio receiving transmitting module interface J4 is a data line interface, and radio receiving transmitting module power interface J5 is power lead and interface of the ground wire.Antenna adopts the volute spring antenna, short and small occupy little space and not fragile.
Embodiment three:
Above-mentioned and terminal communication module 6 mainly comprises " RS232 " level conversion unit and voltage conversion unit." RS232 " level transferring chip U9 selects the MAX3317E of MAXIM company for use, following principal feature: 2.25V-3.3V power supply is arranged, ± 15kV electrostatic protection, the effective " shut " mode" of the reception of 1uA, 460kbps data transmission rate.Link to each other with " RS232 " level transferring chip U9 with terminal communication module interface J2, " RS232 " level transferring chip U9 links to each other with " RS232 " interface J7.Because this module generally is not to work at the scene, and needn't with the node setting (only individual nodes communicate by letter effectively with terminal or node deployment before terminal connect when giving node programming program use), so physical strength and less demanding to the adaptability of environment.Can select rechargeable battery powered with on the node, also can be converted to the 3V direct current to the direct current of DC voltage input interface J6 input by voltage transitions chip U10, power to node to power interface J1 by power switch S1.
Claims (2)
1. wireless sensor network node device that is used for environmental monitoring, comprise mainboard and functional module, it is characterized in that in this device, processor unit on the mainboard (1) connect respectively memory cell (2), sensor unit (3), power supply unit (4), radio receiving transmitting module interface (J4), with terminal communication module interface (J2), JTAG debug port (J3); Radio receiving transmitting module in the functional module (5), with terminal communication module (6) respectively by radio receiving transmitting module interface (J4), link to each other with the processor unit (1) of mainboard with terminal communication module interface (J2); Wherein, with terminal communication module (6) only individual nodes communicate by letter effectively with terminal or node deployment before terminal connect when giving node programming program and use; In mainboard, " 47 " pin of the chip microprocessor chip (U1) in the processor unit (1) links to each other with " 2 " pin that random number produces chip (U4); The data line of JTAG debug port (J3) is through the 22nd resistance (R
22)～the 25th resistance (R
25) on draw the back link to each other with " 54～57 " pin of chip microprocessor chip (U1), link to each other with " 2,3 " pin of chip microprocessor chip (U1) with terminal communication module interface (J2); First state indication (LED1)～third state indication (LED3) links to each other with " 49,50,51 " pin of chip microprocessor chip (U1); " 8,1,2 " pin of memory chip (U3) in the memory cell (2) links to each other with " 27,28,30 " pin of chip microprocessor chip (U1); Sensor unit (3) comprises multiway analog switch (U6), Temperature Humidity Sensor (U7), atmosphere pressure sensor (U8); Multiway analog switch (U6) passes through I
2" 25; 26 " pin of C bus and chip microprocessor chip (U1) links to each other, Temperature Humidity Sensor (U7), atmosphere pressure sensor (U8) links to each other by multiway analog switch (U6) " 9; 38; 27; 28; 30 " pin with chip microprocessor chip (U1), described power supply unit (4), in " 46; 54 " pin of voltage checking chip (U5) and chip microprocessor chip (U1) link to each other, analog switch (V3) links to each other with " 42 " pin and field effect transistor (V2) in the chip microprocessor chip (U1) respectively, voltage dependent resistor (VDR) (RT1) links to each other with the solar panel both positive and negative polarity, the charging of field effect transistor (V2) control solar panel, solar panel links to each other with rechargeable battery by diode (V1).
2. the wireless sensor network node device that is used for environmental monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that with terminal communication module (6) be a separate modular, this module mainly comprises RS232 level conversion unit and 5V direct current conversion 3V DC voltage converting unit; Link to each other with " 13,15 " pin of RS232 level transferring chip (U9) with terminal communication module interface (J2), " 16,17 " pin of RS232 level transferring chip (U9) links to each other with RS232 interface (J7), the DC voltage input interface links to each other with " 1 " pin of voltage transitions chip (U10), and " 3 " pin of voltage transitions chip (U10) links to each other with power interface (J1) by power switch (S1).
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| CN101859120A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2010-10-13 | 泉州师范学院 | Remote environment-monitoring system for fruit and vegetable greenhouses and control method thereof |
| CN105517196A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-04-20 | 胡国旺 | Environment monitoring wireless sensor network measurement node based on ZigBee protocol |
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| KR20100077510A (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2010-07-08 | 한국지질자원연구원 | Integrated hydrologic monitoring system |
| CN101957602B (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2012-07-04 | 河南天擎机电技术有限公司 | Method and system thereof for monitoring and controlling environments of public place based on Zigbee |
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| CN101042584A (en) | 2007-09-26 |
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