CN100454645C - A method for balancing the water in the proton exchange film fuel battery via the dual-electrode plate - Google Patents
A method for balancing the water in the proton exchange film fuel battery via the dual-electrode plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN100454645C CN100454645C CNB2007100512692A CN200710051269A CN100454645C CN 100454645 C CN100454645 C CN 100454645C CN B2007100512692 A CNB2007100512692 A CN B2007100512692A CN 200710051269 A CN200710051269 A CN 200710051269A CN 100454645 C CN100454645 C CN 100454645C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to keep water balance for proton exchange film fuel cell. Wherein, selecting a bipolar plate contained hydrophilic gel pore; when the cell runs, filling H2 and O2 through two surfaces of the plate, and the cooling water on middle of the plate; in virtue of the cooling water in pipe, adjusting the pressure of reacting gas and water to humidify the fuel cell and discharge the yield water. This invention adjusts the humidification level according to cell output power and has well effect to H2 and O2, is simple both on operation and assembly, and runs stably and durably.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of maintenance water balance for proton exchange film fuel cell.
Background technology
Water management is a major issue that influences Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) technical applicationization, in the PEMFC running, the balance of water plays key effect to life-span and the security of operation of the raising of PEMFC power, fuel efficiency optimization, PEMFC among the maintenance PEMFC.The water management of PEMFC mainly comprises the content of two aspects; One is that another one is to remove the product water (preventing waterflooding electrode and barrier gas passage) of negative electrode, keeps the balance of water among the PEMFC to proton exchange membrane humidification (prevent proton exchange membrane dehydration and lose proton conductive).
Proton exchange membrane is one of core component of PEMFC, and perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane is the solid electrolyte that is most suited to PEMFC at present, and this class film excellent combination property mainly contains the Nafion series membranes of U.S. Dupont company; The XUS-B204 film of U.S. Dow chemical company development; Aeiplex series membranes and Flemion film that Japan Asahi company produces; The C film of Japan chlorine engineering (Chlorine Engineers) company; The BAM film of Canada Ballard company; Composite membrane (as polytetrafluoroethylene/Nafion composite membrane) based on perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane.These proton exchange membrane must just have the proton transfer function in moisture situation, its proton conductivity depends on its water content consumingly, its proton conductivity and its water content are almost linear, and when proton exchange membrane was in dry state, proton conductivity was almost nil; When the proton exchange membrane complete wetting, has good proton electrical conductance.When proton from anode during to cathode motion, since electricity ohm drag make in the proton exchange membrane part water from anode to cathodic migration, this will cause the anode-side lack of water of proton exchange membrane, proton conductivity can significantly descend, the PEMFC power output also can reduce, and the service behaviour that is to say PEMFC relies on the water content in the proton exchange membrane to a great extent.Therefore in order to guarantee the normal power generation of PEMFC, just must make proton exchange membrane be in moisture state.This just requires and must carry out humidification to proton exchange membrane.
At present, the outer humidification auxiliary system of main employing is carried out humidification to the reacting gas that enters PEMFC and is handled the water content that keeps in the proton exchange membrane, and this humidifying method is very effective, can adjust the water yield of humidification according to the power output of PEMFC.Yet these outer humidification auxiliary systems make the whole generating system become complicated, have increased system cost, weight and volume, are unfavorable for that PEMFC is applied to electric automobile as power source.So the self-humidification that removes outer humidification auxiliary system then helps promoting the industrialization of PEMFC, has important research meaning and using value, self-humidification is a main direction of PEMFC researcher research.
So-called be meant that from humidification the material that directly utilizes among the PEMFC finishes humidification, mainly comprise following several method:
1, proton exchange membrane is carried out modification.(J.Electrochem.Soc such as M.Watanabe, 1998,145 (4): 1137-1142) proposed the method for a kind of preparation: adopt the dipping method of reducing with the inside that nano level noble metal catalyst Pt is distributed to the Nafion112 film equably, utilize the hydrogen and the oxygen that are penetrated in the film to come moistened membrane at the water that the catalyst surface catalytic reaction generates from the humidification composite membrane.The composite membrane of this method preparation from moisturization significantly better than traditional proton exchange membrane.Also in the Nafion112 film in the reducing catalyst Pt, a certain amount of hydrophilic oxide has mixed again for they.Battery product water from the negative electrode back-diffusion to anode in water that the adding of hydrophilic oxide can absorbing catalyst catalysis permeable reactive gas generates and the film, when battery is operated under high current density, discharge water outlet and regulate the balance of water in the film, guarantee the stable operation of battery.(Electrochimica Acta, 2004,50 (2-3): 761-768) in the Nafion112 film, adopt the method for flooding reducing catalyst Pt and in-situ deposition basic zirconium phosphate (ZrP), prepared Pt-ZrP-Nafion such as H.K.Lee from the humidification composite membrane.The ZrP of layer structure has good water retention characteristic and proton conductivity.The adding that experimental results show that ZrP improved composite membrane at high temperature from moisturization and stability.But the composite membrane of doping or reducing catalyst Pt preparation in whole proton exchange membrane produces the electrical short electric current easily in film, can reduce energy efficiency greatly like this.(J.PowerSources such as the F.Q.Liu of Dalian Chemiclophysics Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2003,124 (1): 81-89) mixed solution with Nafion and Pt/C is cast on the porous ptfe film, solvent flashing, made the Nafion/PTFE/Pt-C composite membrane, wherein the Pt/C catalyst granules is under the effect of gravity, sedimentation in composite membrane, and formed certain gradient.In composite membrane, Pt/C near anode-side, is not to run through whole composite membrane from the humidification layer, and the composite membrane of this structure has been avoided the generation of short circuit current to a certain extent.The Nafion/PTFE composite membrane has excellent in mechanical properties in addition, can reduce the thickness of film, reduces the internal resistance of film.(Electrochemical and Solid-StateLetters, 2006,9 (2): A49-A52) will load on hydrophilic oxide S iO such as X.B.Zhu
2On Pt catalyst and Nafion mixed solution be sprayed on Nafion/PTFE film both sides, made 3-tier architecture from the humidification composite membrane, wherein contain Pt/SiO
2The Nafion layer can generate water, SiO in addition by hydrogen catalyzed and oxygen
2Water retention, guarantee the wetting state of anode, this composite membrane has also been avoided the generation of short circuit current.
These carry out modification to proton exchange membrane, and to give the method for its self-moistening function mainly be to utilize the Penetration Signature of the micro-reaction gas of proton exchange membrane, makes interpenetrative hydrogen, oxygen on the Pt catalyst chemical reaction take place, and generates the wetting proton exchange membrane of water.Because electrochemical reaction takes place in hydrogen, oxygen on the Pt catalyst, might cause the damage of proton exchange membrane along with time lengthening.In addition, this method complicated process of preparation needs extreme care, careful during making, when improving the proton exchange membrane water content, need avoid the influence to proton conductivity of the change of membrane structure and microphase-separated, and cost of manufacture is higher.
(CN:0314052714 such as the Mao Zongqiang of Tsing-Hua University, 2003-11-12) blend solution that adopts sulfate resin and crystalline hydrate to obtain under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions is prepared into from the humidification composite membrane, the existing water-wet behavior of crystalline hydrate wherein, the ability that has proton conducting again, can increase composite membrane water content under the humidification condition outside not having, the proton conductivity of film loss simultaneously is also less.The water that utilizes battery to generate in cathode reaction, the retrodiffusion arrival anode by water in the strengthening membrane evenly distributes water in film.The composite membrane of this method preparation does not contain noble metal, but needs HTHP in the manufacturing process, the program more complicated.In addition, this doping has the difunctional particle of water retention property and proton conductive, the water that utilizes battery to generate in cathode reaction is realized the method from humidification, the requirement that water may not satisfy the PEMFC power output from the amount and the speed of negative electrode anode diffusion, when PEMFC when small-power is worked, the gas of participating in reaction is few, so the water that reaction generates is few, and the humidification DeGrain; As PEMFC during at high power work, the diffusion velocity of water in film is a subject matter, and only depends on product water may not satisfy amount of humidification.
2, bipolar plates is carried out structural design and modification.
Flowing in the gas flow of bipolar plates hydrogen and oxygen, some can discharge the product water of PEMFC with tail gas, if can retain moisture during through the flow field or reduces moisture and discharge at gas, and battery also had certain effect from humidification.Many in recent years researchers just turn to the research to bipolar plates and flow field, attempt by flow field structure design and bipolar plates are carried out modification preserve or distribute moisture, thereby reach the purpose to the proton exchange membrane humidification.
Trung V (J.Electrochem.Soc., 1996,143:L103) and the Energy Partners (US6207312B1 of Finland, WO00/17952) company combines interdigital shape flow field and closed runner, when improving gas effciency, strengthen convective mass transfer, the diffusion mass transfer of reacting gas at diffusion layer, the water that makes the reaction generation is under the drive of film both sides gas flow, the reaction gas of forced convection transmits moisture along the vertical current field direction in film, reach the purpose of battery from humidification, weak point is need very big gas pressure drop.
01113153.5) and (the J.Power Sources such as Q.Zhigang of the U.S. H POWER company Hu Liqing of Shenli Science and Technology Co Ltd, Shanghai (application number:, 2002,109 (2): the 469-476) design in employing dual channel flow field, realized operating from humidification of fuel cell.Flow field structure adopts dual channel, and the import of one of them runner is adjacent with the outlet of another runner, has guaranteed like this in each runner in flow field, always has the runner that flow direction is opposite with it adjacent.Such design can make the gas of inlet obtain moisture from the exit gas of adjacent channels, has avoided the uneven phenomenon of humidification in the single channel; Also can guarantee the uniformity that gas distributes in the battery flow field.
Also (J.Electrochem Soc, 1997,144 (8): 2767-2772) trial adverse current intake operation makes oxidant opposite with the flow direction of reducing agent, i.e. the exit of the corresponding reducing agent in the porch of oxidant to some research worker Fuchi F.N..Like this, can be penetrated into the film opposite side be the oxidant humidification to the higher moisture in reducing agent exit; Same principle, the high moisture in oxidant outlet place also can be used for being the reducing agent humidification.
People such as S.Miachon (Journal of Power Sources, 1995,56:31-36) loose structure is made on the graphite cake surface, replace traditional groove structure, with the flow field of this gas that acts as a fuel, this loose structure can be stored in the water that the cathode plane reaction generates, and by back-diffusion, enter anode surface by proton exchange membrane, the purpose of humidification in reaching.But the excessive water of cathode plane might stop up runner, and the PEMFC performance improves little.
Above-mentionedly come method to the film humidification by changing flow field structure and the different intake method of employing, though technological operation is simple, but this humidifying method mainly is the water that utilizes cathode reaction to generate, the humidification effect is not remarkable, sometimes may also need be by outer humidification system, battery performance is relatively poor, and using value is not high.
Also have some researchers that bipolar plate surfaces and material are carried out modification and give its moistening function.The people such as Shelekhinr of U.S. ElectroChem company (U.S.Patent:5972530,1999) propose to lay hydrophilic on the runner of bipolar plates both sides, and this hydrophilic by the inertia water wetted material, as filter paper, glass fibre composition; Hydrophilic of cathode side evenly absorbs and stores excessive moisture when battery operated, but the water supply membrane electrode of storing in hydrophilic during the battery lack of water.Adlhart (U.S.Patent:4175165,1979) employing alum scholar or their mixture of deposit hydrophilic silicon gel, high-specific surface area on the bipolar plate flow field face makes the bipolar plate flow field side surface hydrophilic, stores moisture.But, cause its conductivity to descend because the adding of hydroaropic substance has increased the resistance of bipolar plates.People such as the Konar (U.S.Patent:5942347 of the Institute of Gas Technology unit of the U.S., 1999) the stream field material improves on this research basis, hydrophilic inorganic oxide particle and graphite powder, mixed with resin compression molding, realize that the bipolar plate runner side is hydrophilic.D.Staschewski (InternationalJ.Hydrogen Energy, 1996,21:381-385) porous carbon fiber is added bipolar plates, utilize the pore structure of carbon fiber to realize that battery preserves moisture, used bipolar plates porosity is 20%, average pore size is 2 μ m.Only absorb and preserve the possible humidification that can only guarantee of method that water that cathode reaction generates comes proton exchange membrane is carried out humidification to oxygen by the hydrophily that changes bipolar plates, back-diffusion by water comes humidification hydrogen effect bad, amount of humidification is limited, can only be used in the pile of small-power low form.
Recently, Harbin Institute of Technology applies for a patent (200510009827.X) and propose to make hydrophily capillary (hydrophilic carbon material adding additives is made) in bipolar plates, the redundance that can effectively cell cathode be generated water is transferred to anode, realize anode from humidification, though system is simple, but this bipolar plates might infiltration gas, and prepares such bipolar plates and have certain difficulty.Tsing-Hua University applies for a patent (200510012074.8) and also proposes by being communicated with the micropore of cooling water cavity and hydrogen/air runner, the pressure that is used for the cooling water of humidification in the control bipolar plates, respectively hydrogen and air are carried out humidification, the water that this invention utilizes cooling water rather than reaction to generate carries out from humidification, the water yield of humidification can be regulated, but they do not propose to make the method for this bipolar plates.People such as the Internation fuel cells Carl Reiser of company also disclose one piece of patent US5,853,909, they utilize capillary pressure capillaceous in the graphite cake, preserve the water that comes from the cooling water runner, can make fuel gas impermeable mutually like this, and the pressure differential by water in control cathode gas and the cooling water runner, can make the water that generates at negative electrode enter the cooling water runner, and by capillary arrival anode surface, play interior humidification, receive good effect.But the existing problem of machine work graphite cake it none is escaped by luck, and pore size and pore-size distribution also be difficult to accurately control, and operability is not strong.
The another one problem of PEMFC water management is the discharge of cathode product water, because the electrochemical reaction of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is carried out on water-gas-proton (electronics) three phase boundary, when in the cathode catalysis layer during hypervolia, the gas passage that can block reaction zone, the electrochemical reaction of overslaugh oxygen and proton, thereby cause waterflooding electrode to influence battery performance, so product water must be discharged from cathode catalysis layer.PEMFC can be divided into dynamic drainage and static draining by drainage pattern, so-called dynamic drainage is meant by gas tail gas carries or purges the water of taking the battery generation out of secretly, the effect of this method draining and the gas flowfield of bipolar plates and gas flow rate, pressure have very big relation, the water of discharging mainly is vaporous water, and unnecessary aqueous water might stop up runner; Static draining is by means drainings such as hair suction, pressure reduction, gravity, concentration differences.So dynamic drainage must be in conjunction with static draining.
The Hou Ming of Dalian Chemiclophysics Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences (power technology, 2002,26 (3): 131-133) proposed a kind of static drainage arrangement that relies on capillarity work.This apparatus structure is made up of dividing plate, drain bar, porous material plate, minus plate, membrane electrode, positive plate, wherein the runner of minus plate penetrates along thickness direction, the porous material plate can be the porous graphite plate, it also can be asbestos board, the water that generates is moved under capillarity on the porous material plate, is discharged to the drain bar inner chamber at following water that sucks on the porous material plate of differential pressure action then.International Fuel Cell company (US5840414) proposes to add hydrophilic metal oxide in porous carbon sheet, utilize its hydrophily that product water is entered the cooling water runner, this hydrophilic metal oxide is water insoluble, can run off behind the battery long-play unlike Ludox.
U.S. Pat 4,175,165 proposition graphite and mixed with resin are pressed into the bipolar plates that has the flow field, and added hydrophilic material such as Ludox etc. on the surface of bipolar plates, and make bipolar plate surfaces hydrophilic, the water that battery produces will be absorbed by the top layer and deposit, keep proton exchange membrane moistening, the purpose of humidification in reaching, but because the adding of hydroaropic substance has increased the resistance of bipolar plates, cause its conductivity to descend.Some researcher then comes pile is carried out interior humidification by the porousness of graphite cake, people such as S.Miachon (Journal of Power Sources, 1995,56:31-36) loose structure is made on the graphite cake surface, replaced traditional groove structure, with the flow field of this gas that acts as a fuel, this loose structure can be stored in the water that the cathode plane reaction generates, and, enter in the loose structure of anode surface carbon plate the purpose of humidification in reaching by back-diffusion by proton exchange membrane.But the excessive water of cathode plane might flood electrode, and the PEMFC performance improves little.People such as Carl Reiser also disclose one piece of patent US5,853,909, they utilize the capillary pressure capillaceous that connects in the carbon plate, preserve the water that comes from the cooling water runner, can make fuel gas impermeable mutually like this, and the pressure differential by water in control cathode gas and the cooling water runner, can make the water that generates at negative electrode enter the cooling water runner, and by capillary arrival anode surface, play interior humidification, receive good effect.But the existing problem of machine work graphite cake it none is escaped by luck, and pore size and pore-size distribution also be difficult to accurately control, and operability is not strong.
Above-mentioned various balance method to water among the PEMFC all has certain defective, and can not finish the discharge of humidification and the product water of PEMFC simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
At above deficiency, the objective of the invention is to propose a kind ofly to keep water balance for proton exchange film fuel cell by bipolar plates, this method can be finished the discharge of the humidification and the product water of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells simultaneously.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of by bipolar plates maintenance water balance for proton exchange film fuel cell, it is characterized in that: proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling comprises 2-40 monocell, each monocell comprises three-in-one electrode, diffusion layer, bipolar plates, three-in-one electrode is made up of hydrogen electrode catalyst, proton exchange membrane and oxygen electrode catalyst, diffusion layer is made up of hydrogen diffusion layer and oxygen diffusion layer, and bipolar plates is combined by hydrogen plate and water oxygen plate; The hydrogen electrode catalyst of each monocell is adjacent with the hydrogen diffusion layer, and oxygen electrode catalyst and oxygen diffusion layer are adjacent, and the oxygen diffusion layer of bipolar plates and hydrogen diffusion layer and adjacent single cells keeps Mechanical Contact and electrically contacts; The logical respectively hydrogen in the two sides of bipolar plates, oxygen, middle logical cooling water, bipolar plates contains gel pore and possess hydrophilic property;
When Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is worked under lower-wattage (such as starting), the pressure of water in the cooling water runner of adjustment bipolar plates, make it greater than reaction gas pressure, so the water in the cooling water runner enters reactant gas flow field by the gel pore of bipolar plates, give hydrogen and oxygen humidification respectively; When Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is worked under higher-wattage, oxygen electrode catalyst can produce a large amount of product waters, utilize the hydrophily of bipolar plates, make product water from oxygen electrode catalyst, enter the oxygen runner by oxygen diffusion layer smoothly, and in bipolar plates, evenly distribute, avoid waterflooding electrode and reduced the resistance that oxygen enters oxygen electrode catalyst, because some product water is adsorbed on the oxygen water passage surface, can give the oxygen humidification, improve the pressure of oxygen this moment, vaporous water is discharged with oxygen flow, and aqueous water enters in the cooling water runner by the pressure of adjusting water in oxygen and the cooling water runner; When power output was stablized, the supply of humidification water and the discharge of product water reached balance.
Described bipolar plates is to be prepared from as binding agent and the compound method by mold pressing of conductive filler with cement.
The present invention adopts the logical respectively hydrogen in the two sides of bipolar plates, oxygen, middle logical cooling water, and bipolar plates contains gel pore and possess hydrophilic property; This bipolar plates can absorb the water of preserving in the cooling water runner, and bipolar plates is always moistening, and water forms film rather than ball in the bipolar plate surfaces trend; This bipolar plates contains the gel pore, and possess hydrophilic property, when PEMFC moves, by the cooling water in the cooling water runner, by adjusting the pressure of reacting gas and cooling water, can finish the discharge of humidification and the product water of PEMFC simultaneously.Water in water in the cooling water runner and the bipolar plates gel pore can prevent oozing mutually of reacting gas.The present invention finishes in proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling, and the hydrophily of aperture, quantity and bipolar plates that can be by adjusting bipolar plates inner gel pore reaches better effect.
The present invention compares with existing method and has following advantage:
1) the present invention adopts the hydrophilic bipolar plates that contains the gel pore (aperture of gel pore and quantity can be adjusted), utilize the water in the cooling water runner, adjust the pressure of water in reacting gas and the cooling water runner, can finish the discharge of the humidification and the product water of reacting gas simultaneously.
2) the inventive method is effective to hydrogen and oxygen humidification, and amount of humidification can be adjusted according to the power output of PEMFC, and the discharge of product water also relatively thoroughly can realize the balance of the discharge of the supply of humidification water and product water.
3) the inventive method is simple to operate, and the pile system of assembling is simple, and cold-starting is fast, the power output height, and stable, durability is good, is beneficial on automobile and promotes the use of as power source.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of monocell of the present invention
Among the figure: 1-proton exchange membrane, 2-hydrogen electrode catalyst, 3-oxygen electrode catalyst, 4-oxygen diffusion layer, 5-hydrogen diffusion layer, the right hydrogen plate of 6-, 7-left side water oxygen plate, 8-left side hydrogen plate, the right water oxygen of 9-plate, 10-cooling water runner, 11-oxygen runner, 12-hydrogen runner.
Embodiment
Now the invention will be further described in conjunction with Fig. 1.
A kind of by bipolar plates maintenance water balance for proton exchange film fuel cell, realize that the present invention must finish in the pile of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling comprises 2-40 monocell, each monocell comprises three-in-one electrode, diffusion layer, bipolar plates, three-in-one electrode is made up of hydrogen electrode catalyst 2, proton exchange membrane 1 and oxygen electrode catalyst 3, diffusion layer is made up of hydrogen diffusion layer 5 and oxygen diffusion layer 4, and bipolar plates is combined by hydrogen plate and water oxygen plate; The hydrogen electrode catalyst of each monocell is adjacent with the hydrogen diffusion layer, and oxygen electrode catalyst and oxygen diffusion layer are adjacent; The oxygen diffusion layer of bipolar plates and hydrogen diffusion layer and adjacent single cells keeps Mechanical Contact and electrically contacts (right hydrogen plate 6 and right water oxygen plate 9 combinations, right hydrogen plate 6 contacts with the right side of hydrogen diffusion layer 5, and is provided with hydrogen runner 12, right cooling water runner 10, oxygen runner 11; Left side water oxygen plate 7,8 combinations of left hydrogen plate, left side water oxygen plate 7 contacts with the left side of oxygen diffusion layer, and is provided with hydrogen runner, right cooling water runner 10, oxygen runner 11), the logical respectively hydrogen in the two sides of bipolar plates, oxygen, middle logical cooling water, bipolar plates contains gel pore and possess hydrophilic property.
Perhafnate cement/graphite mold pressing composite material double pole plate is adopted in the pile assembling, and this bipolar plates contains the gel pore, and the aperture in most of holes is 0.1-0.4 μ m, and porosity is 17Vol%, and water contact angle is 71 °.Water flowing in the cooling water runner is gone in the pile startup, make whole bipolar plates wetting, be full of water in the gel pore, logical then hydrogen and oxygen start pile, adjust the pressure of water in the cooling water runner, make it greater than reaction gas pressure,, give hydrogen and oxygen humidification respectively so the water in the cooling water runner can enter reactant gas flow field by the gel pore of bipolar plates; Raising along with the pile power output, oxygen electrode catalyst can produce a large amount of product waters, utilize the hydrophily of bipolar plates, make product water from oxygen electrode catalyst, enter the oxygen runner by oxygen diffusion layer smoothly, and in bipolar plates, evenly distribute, avoid waterflooding electrode and reduced the resistance that oxygen enters oxygen electrode catalyst, because some product water is adsorbed on the oxygen water passage surface, can give the oxygen humidification, can suitably improve the pressure of oxygen this moment, vaporous water is discharged with oxygen flow, and aqueous water can enter in the cooling water runner by the pressure of adjusting water in oxygen and the cooling water runner.When the pile power output was stablized, the supply of humidification water and the discharge of product water can reach balance.
Described bipolar plates is to prepare as binding agent and the compound method by mold pressing of conductive filler with cement (sulphate aluminium cement or perhafnate cement), and the preparation method can adopt Chinese patent ZL200410013350.8 (a kind of used in proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates and preparation method thereof).
Claims (2)
1. one kind keeps water balance for proton exchange film fuel cell by bipolar plates, it is characterized in that: proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling comprises 2-40 monocell, each monocell comprises three-in-one electrode, diffusion layer, bipolar plates, three-in-one electrode is made up of hydrogen electrode catalyst, proton exchange membrane and oxygen electrode catalyst, diffusion layer is made up of hydrogen diffusion layer and oxygen diffusion layer, and bipolar plates is combined by hydrogen plate and water oxygen plate; The hydrogen electrode catalyst of each monocell is adjacent with the hydrogen diffusion layer, and oxygen electrode catalyst and oxygen diffusion layer are adjacent, and the oxygen diffusion layer of bipolar plates and hydrogen diffusion layer and adjacent single cells keeps Mechanical Contact and electrically contacts; The logical respectively hydrogen in the two sides of bipolar plates, oxygen, middle logical cooling water, bipolar plates contains gel pore and possess hydrophilic property;
When Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is worked under lower-wattage, the pressure of water in the cooling water runner of adjustment bipolar plates, make it greater than reaction gas pressure,, give hydrogen and oxygen humidification respectively so the gel pore of the water in the cooling water runner by bipolar plates enters reactant gas flow field; When Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is worked under higher-wattage, oxygen electrode catalyst can produce a large amount of product waters, utilize the hydrophily of bipolar plates, make product water from oxygen electrode catalyst, enter the oxygen runner by oxygen diffusion layer smoothly, and in bipolar plates, evenly distribute, avoid waterflooding electrode and reduced the resistance that oxygen enters oxygen electrode catalyst, because some product water is adsorbed on the oxygen water passage surface, can give the oxygen humidification, improve the pressure of oxygen this moment, vaporous water is discharged with oxygen flow, and aqueous water enters in the cooling water runner by the pressure of adjusting water in oxygen and the cooling water runner; When power output was stablized, the supply of humidification water and the discharge of product water reached balance.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of by bipolar plates maintenance water balance for proton exchange film fuel cell, it is characterized in that: described bipolar plates is to be prepared from as binding agent and the compound method by mold pressing of conductive filler with cement.
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| US5700595A (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 1997-12-23 | International Fuel Cells Corp. | Ion exchange membrane fuel cell power plant with water management pressure differentials |
| CN1595697A (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2005-03-16 | 武汉理工大学 | A bipolar plate for fuel cell with proton exchange membrane and preparation method thereof |
| CN1710740A (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2005-12-21 | 清华大学 | Self-humidifying method for fuel cell |
-
2007
- 2007-01-16 CN CNB2007100512692A patent/CN100454645C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5700595A (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 1997-12-23 | International Fuel Cells Corp. | Ion exchange membrane fuel cell power plant with water management pressure differentials |
| CN1595697A (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2005-03-16 | 武汉理工大学 | A bipolar plate for fuel cell with proton exchange membrane and preparation method thereof |
| CN1710740A (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2005-12-21 | 清华大学 | Self-humidifying method for fuel cell |
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| CN101017905A (en) | 2007-08-15 |
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