CN100451333C - 混成式章动泵 - Google Patents

混成式章动泵 Download PDF

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CN100451333C
CN100451333C CNB2004800161296A CN200480016129A CN100451333C CN 100451333 C CN100451333 C CN 100451333C CN B2004800161296 A CNB2004800161296 A CN B2004800161296A CN 200480016129 A CN200480016129 A CN 200480016129A CN 100451333 C CN100451333 C CN 100451333C
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piston
pump
piston rod
oscillating
nutating
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CN1806092A (zh
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威廉·哈瑞·林恩
理查德·C·佛克萨
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Gardner Denver Thomas Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
    • F04B27/0878—Pistons
    • F04B27/0886—Piston shoes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B13/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with rotating cylinders in order to obtain the reciprocating-piston motion
    • F01B13/04—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with rotating cylinders in order to obtain the reciprocating-piston motion with more than one cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/14—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F04B1/141—Details or component parts
    • F04B1/146—Swash plates; Actuating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/14—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F04B1/141—Details or component parts
    • F04B1/146—Swash plates; Actuating elements
    • F04B1/148—Bearings therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0804—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B27/0821—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block component parts, details, e.g. valves, sealings, lubrication
    • F04B27/086—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block component parts, details, e.g. valves, sealings, lubrication swash plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0804—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B27/0821—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block component parts, details, e.g. valves, sealings, lubrication
    • F04B27/086—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block component parts, details, e.g. valves, sealings, lubrication swash plate
    • F04B27/0865—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block component parts, details, e.g. valves, sealings, lubrication swash plate swash plate bearing means or driving axis bearing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0804—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B27/0869—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block connection between rotating cylinder barrel and rotating inclined swash plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
    • F04B27/0895—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof driving means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
    • F04B27/1054—Actuating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
    • F04B27/1054—Actuating elements
    • F04B27/1072—Pivot mechanisms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18056—Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
    • Y10T74/18296—Cam and slide
    • Y10T74/18336—Wabbler type

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

一种章动泵，具有将章动部件连接到泵罩壳的十字形万向接头、将章动部件连接到活塞杆的球窝接头、以及固定于活塞头的活塞杆，从而活塞头可在泵缸中摆动。

Description

混成式章动泵
相关申请的交叉引用
关于联邦政府资助的研究或开发的声明
不适用。
发明领域
本发明涉及泵，特别涉及章动泵(nutating pump)。
发明背景
具有以圆形摇摆或摆动的运动方式使活塞往复运动从而引致泵送作用的章动部件的章动泵是公知的。例如，第5,007,385号美国专利公开了这样一种装置，它在摆动部件和罩壳之间采用了球形轴承或可选地使用十字形(cross-type)万向接头。摆动部件由驱动轴偏心地驱动并具有臂，该臂借助球窝接头(ball joint)或其它枢轴接头接合到做线性往复运动的活塞。
这类装置通常具有许多滑动面并从而具有许多轴承，因此使得整个结构相对复杂、难以组装并且很昂贵。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种章动泵，在这种章动泵中，十字形万向接头将章动部件连接至罩壳、球窝接头将章动部件连接至活塞杆、并且活塞杆固定于活塞头，从而活塞头可在泵缸中摆动。此举去除了活塞杆和活塞头之间的轴承连接，同时能够获得使用万向接头将章动部件连接至罩壳以消除活塞头的边载荷(side load)的有益效果。
根据本发明的另一个方面所述，活塞杆被制造得相对较长，从而使活塞头在泵缸中的摆动运动最小化。活塞杆被制造得越长，则活塞头在泵缸中的摆动程度就越小。换句话说，例如对于12°倾角的万向接头而言，在活塞杆足够长的情况下，活塞头将仅倾斜1°。活塞头的这种相对于其在泵缸中的轴向对直的较小倾斜致使可以使用在摆动泵中普遍使用的活塞皮碗(piston cup)，或者可以使用开口环密封件(split-ring seal)(开口环是通常在内燃往复式发动机以及某些往复式泵中使用的类型)。开口环密封件通常被认为是可以提供非常长的磨损期限和低的漏气泄漏，而摆动活塞皮碗则可在摆动活塞头具有相对较大倾角的情况下提供足够的密封。
使用万向接头来将摆动部件连接到罩壳是理想的，这是因为万向接头能够传递由摆动部件所承受的扭转负荷，从而降低活塞上的边载荷。活塞上的边载荷会导致磨损增加、寿命缩短以及在泵的使用期限内的更大的漏气泄漏。
此外，利用U形接头以及通过使用套节接头来将摆动部件连接到活塞杆而获得的较长的行程可以较小的空间中提供明显高于其它类型的章动泵设计的较高流量。允许使用开口环密封件来代替活塞皮碗同样可以帮助降低摩擦负荷，并提供较高的效率。
本发明的上述和其它目的以及有益效果将在随后的详细描述得到阐述。在随后的描述中，将参照示出了本发明的优选实施方案的附图进行描述。
附图的简要说明
图1是在90°剖面线上得到的剖视示意图，它示出了采用本发明的泵。
优选实施方案的详细描述
本发明的泵10具有可由任意数目的部分构成的罩壳12、一对彼此相对的压缩活塞14(图中仅示出了其中一个，而另一个与其相隔180°，图1是90°的剖视图)、一对真空活塞16(图中只示出了其中一个，另一个真空活塞16与其相对并相对于驱动轴18的轴线与其相隔180°)。每个活塞14、16分别具有头部14A或16A以及杆部14B或16B。头部14A和16A在各自的泵缸20和22中轻微摇摆地往复运动。头部14A和16A具有各自的开口环密封件14C、16C(它们优选地由聚四氟乙烯复合材料制成)，开口环密封件14C、16C与泵缸20、22的壁形成了滑动密封，并且它们的外表面优选地具有与泵缸的半径相等的半径以便活塞在泵缸中摆动时能保持良好密封。进气阀24和排气阀26被分别设置用于为泵缸20中的泵送室进气和排气，而进气阀28和排气阀30被分别设置用于为泵缸22中的泵送室进气和排气。本发明也可应用于只通过压力或只通过真空运行的泵。在这种情况下，提供奇数个活塞(例如三个或五个)对于最小化气体脉动作用是比较理想的。
泵缸20的进气通过孔36进入进气室34，而压缩空气离开泵缸20、经过阀26进入排气室36，然后通过与排气室36连通的连接管38(它由虚线40表示)离开排气室36。真空缸22的进入空气通过孔42进入消声罩壳44，然后通过孔46进入罩壳12的内部，在罩壳12的内部进入空气可穿过活塞头16A、通过阀28然后进入泵缸22的泵送室。真空泵缸22的压缩的排出空气穿过阀30进入排气室48，然后通过孔50或可选地通过与排气室48连通的连接管52(它由虚线54表示)从排气室48排出。连接管38和52穿过消声室44，使得泵的所有连接(包括进入真空室的入口42和压力与真空泵的出口)都可设置在泵的端部。如果需要，也可以设置类似于管38和52的连接管以用于压力泵缸20的进气。
十字形万向接头56的两个相对的臂与连接器58轴颈连接(journalled)，其另外两个相对的臂(它们与前面提到的第一组的两个相对的臂成90°)则与摆动部件60轴颈连接。这里使用的术语“相对的(opposed)”表示两个臂相隔180°。摆动部件60将轴承62的外座圈安装在摆动部件60的与万向接头56相对的端部，并且该轴承的内座圈被压在偏心固定并与驱动轴18呈一定角度的偏心短轴(stubshaft)64上。驱动轴18由具有固定于罩壳12的定子的电机68来驱动，并通过轴承70轴颈连接至罩壳12。万向接头56的中心位于轴18的轴线上。在轴18转动时，万向接头56使得偏心件64能够将摆动运动传递给摆动部件60，从而使得两个压缩活塞14(它们相对于轴18的轴线彼此相隔180°)相互之间具有180°的相位差，并且使得相对于轴18的轴线与压缩活塞14成90°的两个真空活塞16(并且它们相对于轴18的轴线彼此相隔180°)相互之间具有180°的相位差。
摆动部件60具有臂74，臂74从摆动部件60延伸到四个活塞杆14B和16B。臂74延伸进入各个活塞杆并且各个臂的端部具有球形头部76。活塞杆14B和16B是中空的，并都在其内部容纳固定的半套节(socket half)78和偏置的半套节80。压缩活塞杆14B的每个固定的半套节78通过容纳在杆部14B内的间隔管82与活塞头14A保持恒定的间距，而真空活塞杆16B的固定的半套节78则通过其末端处被压接(crimped)的杆部16B与真空活塞头16A保持固定的间隔。每个压缩活塞杆14B的偏置的半套节80受到弹簧86(它通过压接在端部84处而被保持在杆部14B中)施加的朝向球形头部76和朝向活塞头14A的偏压。真空活塞16的半套节80受到弹簧86施加的抵靠球形头部76且远离活塞头16A的偏压，弹簧86的另一端抵靠每个活塞杆16B内的间隔管88而施加作用。弹簧86在球形头部76上提供预负荷，并且不会在各个活塞的工作行程期间受力(除了它所施加的力之外)。这是因为，在压缩活塞的动力行程(即朝向上死点行进)期间，通过间隔管82和半套节78提供了球形头部76和压缩活塞头14A之间的刚性连接，而在真空活塞的动力行程(即朝向下死点行进)期间，通过半套节78和压接于其上的活塞杆16B提供了球形头部76和真空活塞头16A之间的刚性连接。作为一种选择，球和套节接头可交换，在活塞杆14B、16B上设置球，而在摆动部件60上设置套节。
上面已经对本发明的优选实施方案进行了相当详细的描述。对所描述的优选实施方案进行多种修改和变化对于本领域普通技术人员来说是显而易见的。例如，如果活塞杆被制造得足够长或活塞的摆动减弱而使得开口环密封件可以实用，那么可采用开口环密封件来代替杯形密封件。因此，本发明不应该受到所描述的实施方案的限制。

Claims (10)

1.一种章动泵，包括：
泵罩壳；
原动机，其具有带有轴线的驱动轴，所述驱动轴由所述原动机驱动，以相对于所述泵罩壳而围绕所述轴线；
多个泵缸，其具有径向地围绕所述轴线布置并基本与所述轴线平行的轴线，所述泵缸相对于所述泵罩壳而固定；
多个摆动活塞，每个所述摆动活塞用于每个所述泵缸，每个所述摆动活塞具有活塞头和固定连接至所述活塞头的活塞杆，每个所述活塞头容纳在相关的泵缸中，以允许在所述活塞往复运动时所述活塞头相对于所述泵缸的摆动运动；
摆动部件，其通过枢接头连接到所述活塞杆；以及
万向接头，其将所述摆动部件连接至所述泵罩壳。
2.如权利要求1所述的章动泵，其中，所述摆动部件通过球及套节接头连接到所述活塞杆。
3.如权利要求2所述的章动泵，其中，每个所述球及套节接头包括固定部件和偏置部件。
4.如权利要求3所述的章动泵，其中，在所述摆动活塞的动力行程期间，所述固定部件在所述摆动部件和所述摆动活塞之间传递泵送力。
5.如权利要求3所述的章动泵，其中，所述摆动部件轴向地定位在所述固定部件和所述泵的所述真空活塞的所述摆动活塞的头部之间。
6.如权利要求1所述的章动泵，其中，所述摆动活塞的活塞杆是中空的。
7.如权利要求6所述的章动泵，其中，所述活塞杆容纳所述球及套节接头。
8.如权利要求7所述的章动泵，其中，所述活塞杆容纳有弹簧，所述弹簧将所述球及套节接头的部件偏压在一起。
9.如权利要求1所述的章动泵，其中，每个所述活塞杆的长度大于所述驱动轴的轴线和与所述活塞杆相关的泵缸的轴线之间的距离。
10.如权利要求1所述的章动泵，其中，每个所述活塞头具有杯形密封件，所述杯形密封件与相关的泵缸形成滑动密封。
CNB2004800161296A 2003-06-18 2004-06-18 混成式章动泵 Expired - Fee Related CN100451333C (zh)

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US7302883B2 (en) 2007-12-04
DE112004001050T5 (de) 2006-06-22
WO2004113724A3 (en) 2005-06-30
GB2426298A (en) 2006-11-22
GB0524876D0 (en) 2006-01-11
JP2007524026A (ja) 2007-08-23
GB2426298B (en) 2007-10-10
US20070022872A1 (en) 2007-02-01
CN1806092A (zh) 2006-07-19
CA2528518A1 (en) 2004-12-29

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