CN100443260C - Scatheless grinding method for rigid, fragile crystal wafer - Google Patents
Scatheless grinding method for rigid, fragile crystal wafer Download PDFInfo
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- CN100443260C CN100443260C CNB2006101342497A CN200610134249A CN100443260C CN 100443260 C CN100443260 C CN 100443260C CN B2006101342497 A CNB2006101342497 A CN B2006101342497A CN 200610134249 A CN200610134249 A CN 200610134249A CN 100443260 C CN100443260 C CN 100443260C
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A nondestructive grinding method for the hard and crisp crystal substrate of semiconductor or photoelectric crystal features used of a special abrasive disc prepared from the grinding material chosen from CeO2, SiO2 and barium carbonate and the filler containing activator, oxidant and pH regulator, a finishing disc composed of metallic substrate and electroplated diamond particles, and a deionized water as cooling liquid. Its grinding parameters are also disclosed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hard and crisp crystal substrate Ultraprecision Machining field, particularly the precision grinding machining technology of semiconductor and photoelectric crystal hard and crisp crystal substrate.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of semiconductor and photoelectron technology, more and more harsher to the machining accuracy and the surface quality requirement of base substrate material-hard and crisp crystal substrate.On the one hand, require the finished surface of wafer to have the submicron order geometric accuracy; Also requiring on the other hand has very high surface/inferior surface integrity, requires the wafer surface roughness to reach Subnano-class, and does not have defectives such as micro-crack, little cut, microscopic defect point, and require sub-surface layer not have machining damages such as micro-crack, residual stress.Traditional wafer process technology mainly adopts mechanical lapping, grinding, chemical attack and chemically mechanical polishing technology such as (CMP).Usually, mechanical lapping (grit size 6~8 μ m) back wafer surface roughness higher (Ra0.1~0.2 μ m) has the above residual impairment layer of 8 μ m.Mechanical grinding (grit size 6~8 μ m) can produce surface/sub-surface damages such as cut, micro-crack, residual stress and distortion of lattice equally, and the degree of depth can reach 1~2 μ m.Chemical attack is used to remove damage of surface layer, because rate of corrosion is difficult to stable control, must influence the geometric accuracy and the surface quality of silicon chip.Final main applied chemistry machine glazed finish (CMP) processing obtains the ultra-smooth not damaged surface of Subnano-class roughness.But, add man-hour in chemically mechanical polishing, exist the substrate face type to be difficult to that control, processing cost height, working (machining) efficiency are low, crystal substrates is difficult to clean, shortcoming such as environmental pollution is arranged.Along with machining accuracy and surface/inferior surface quality requires more and more highlyer, conventional machining process can not adapt to the ultraprecise processing of hard and crisp crystal substrate.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of the acquisition under the good geometric accuracy prerequisite, high efficiency, low cost and do not produce the new method of the grinding hard and crisp crystal substrate of surface/sub-surface damages such as little cut, microscopic defect point, micro-crack.
The Scatheless grinding method of a kind of hard and crisp crystal substrate of inventing, the technical scheme that adopts is, adopt special wheel grinding, special emery wheel is by inserts 1, abrasive material 2, binding agent 3, pore 4 are formed, and it is characterized in that, the skive that conditioner discs adopts metallic matrix to electroplate, its granularity is selected #100-#300 for use; Contain activator, oxidant, PH conditioning agent in the inserts 1 of special emery wheel, the hardness ratio hard and crisp crystal substrate hardness of abrasive material 2 is low or suitable, selects ceria, silica or brium carbonate for use, and its method for grinding step is as follows:
(1) special emery wheel is installed and fixed on the high precision high rigidity ultraprecise grinding machine spindle, conditioner discs is fixed on the grinding machine clamping workbench special emery wheel is repaired;
(2) conditioner discs is taken off, hard and crisp crystal substrate is fixing on grinding machine clamping workbench; Special emery wheel after the finishing is contacted with substrate surface 5;
(3) control grinding and feeding speed is 1-5 μ m/min, and the rotating speed of special emery wheel is 500-1000n/min, and the rotating speed of hard and crisp crystal substrate is 50-200n/min, and the employing deionized water is a cooling fluid, and the flow of control deionized water is 10-50ml/min; The beginning grinding; By the wearing and tearing of special emery wheel with from sharp, dissolving and the diffusion in cooling fluid constantly of special emery wheel inserts 1, formation can promote substrate surface to produce the grinding fluid environment of chemical reaction; Also make special emery wheel abrasive particle 2 outstanding;
(4) in the grinding, the solid state reaction that contact by between abrasive particle 2 and the substrate surface 5, collision, friction and heat effect excites or strengthen the solid-liquid chemical reaction of substrate surface 5 and grinding fluid and abrasive particle 2 and substrate surface 5, at substrate surface 5, place, especially surperficial protruding peak forms the chemical reaction film 6 softer than abrasive particle;
(5) behind the generation chemical reaction film [6], further in the grinding process, friction, the collision effect of special wheel face abrasive particle 2 and substrate surface 5 only can be removed chemical reaction film 6, and can not produce the damage of micro-crack and cut on substrate surface 5; Removing the substrate surface 5 that exposes behind the chemical reaction film 6 can continue chemical reaction takes place under the grinding fluid environment, generates new chemical reaction film 6; The abrasive material 2 that special emery wheel comes off is drained with grinding fluid with the chemical reaction film removed 6; Carry out above process repeatedly, realize the not damaged processing of substrate surface 5.
Method for grinding of the present invention has following positive effect: compare with chemically mechanical polishing, owing to adopt wheel grinding, grinding accuracy height, processing cost are low, the material removing rate height; Compare owing to utilized the grinding fluid environment that discharges inserts formation surface of the work generation chemical reaction with mechanical grinding, form the chemical reaction passivating film softer at surface of the work (especially surperficial protruding peak) than abrasive particle, make the emery wheel abrasive material can only constantly remove chemical reaction film, and can not produce micro-crack and cut damage at substrate surface, machining damages such as micro-crack, scuffing have been avoided, grinding surface roughness reaches Subnano-class, reaches the effect of chemically mechanical polishing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is grinding process figure, wherein: 1-inserts, 2-abrasive material, 3-binding agent, 4-pore, 5-substrate surface, 6-chemical reaction film.Fig. 2 is the special emery wheel pictorial diagram of monocrystalline silicon substrate grinding.Fig. 3 is the surface scan Electronic Speculum figure of monocrystalline silicon substrate grinding.Fig. 4 is the 3D surface topography and the roughness value of monocrystalline silicon substrate grinding.Fig. 5 is the cross section transmission electron microscope picture of monocrystalline silicon substrate grinding, wherein: 1-surface, the inferior surface of 2-.
The specific embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describe concrete enforcement of the present invention in detail.Utilize VG401 MKII ultraprecise wafer grinding machine, with monocrystalline silicon substrate as print, employing is by #3000 ceria abrasive material (the hardness ratio monocrystalline silicon substrate is low), resin adhesive and contain the emery wheel that the inserts of the compositions such as pH value conditioning agent, oxidant of surfactant, strong acid weak base salt is made, and the emery wheel material object as shown in Figure 2.Emery wheel is installed on the VG401MKII ultraprecise grinding machine spindle, the skive that conditioner discs adopts metallic matrix to electroplate, its granularity is selected #100 for use, conditioner discs is fixed on the grinding machine clamping workbench emery wheel is repaired; After having repaired conditioner discs is taken off, monocrystalline silicon substrate is fixed on grinding machine at the clamping workbench; Selecting grinding and feeding speed for use is 1 μ m/min, and the rotating speed of emery wheel is 600n/min, and the rotating speed of hard and crisp crystal substrate is 80n/min, is cooling fluid with the deionized water, and to select the flow of deionized water for use be 20ml/min.After the crushing silicon chip surface is carried out grinding, grinding process as shown in Figure 1.By the wearing and tearing of emery wheel with from sharp, the emery wheel inserts is dissolving and diffusion strong acid weak base salt pH value conditioning agent, surfactant, oxidant in cooling fluid constantly, formation can produce the grinding fluid environment of chemical reaction with silicon chip surface, simultaneously, the ceria abrasive particles in the emery wheel keeps certain projecting height; Under the grinding fluid environment that the inserts that discharges forms, contact by between ceria and the monocrystalline silicon sheet surface, collision, friction and heat effect excite or the generation active reaction of strengthening silicon chip surface and grinding fluid generates unsettled silicon monoxide or silicate etc. and the low chemical reaction passivating films of hardness such as ceria and monocrystalline silicon sheet surface generation silicate; Between wheel face ceria and silicon chip surface, contact then, under the friction, collision machine effect, chemical reaction film is cut and can not cause the silicon chip surface damage; Removing the monocrystalline silicon surface material that exposes behind the chemical reaction passivating film can be under the grinding fluid environment, continue to repeat to take place chemical reaction, generate new chemical reaction passivating film, and the chemical reactants of the ceria that emery wheel comes off, removal etc. are drained with grinding fluid together.Repeat to realize the Scatheless grinding of monocrystalline silicon sheet surface in the alternation procedure of above generation chemical reaction film and removal chemical reaction film.
Monocrystalline silicon substrate surface scan Electronic Speculum figure after the grinding, multiplication factor is 3000 times, sees Fig. 3.Surface roughness Ra<0.8nm sees Fig. 4.The monocrystalline silicon piece grinding is the result show, surface damages such as little cut, micro-crack are not found on the monocrystalline silicon substrate surface after the grinding.Adopt the cross section transmission electron microscope, the inferior surface of monocrystalline silicon substrate after the observation grinding, the same with wafer after the chemically mechanical polishing, do not find micro-crack and dislocation, only exist because the amorphous layer of tens nanometers that on-mechanical effects such as physics, chemistry produce, satisfy instructions for use in semiconductor and the photoelectric crystal element manufacturing, cross section transmission electron microscope testing result is seen Fig. 5, and inferior surperficial 2 quality of the surface 1 of grinding meron and grinding meron are all fine.Grinding monocrystalline silicon substrate material removing rate is 1000nm/min, is higher than the clearance (100~200nm/min) of chemically mechanical polishing.
Claims (1)
1. the Scatheless grinding method of a hard and crisp crystal substrate, adopt special wheel grinding, special emery wheel is made up of inserts (1), abrasive material (2), binding agent (3), pore (4), it is characterized in that, the skive that conditioner discs adopts metallic matrix to electroplate, its granularity is selected #100-#300 for use; Contain activator, oxidant, PH conditioning agent in the inserts of special emery wheel (1), the hardness ratio hard and crisp crystal substrate hardness of abrasive material (2) is low or suitable, selects ceria, silica or brium carbonate for use, and the step of its method for grinding is as follows:
(1) special emery wheel is installed and fixed on the high precision high rigidity ultraprecise grinding machine spindle, conditioner discs is fixed on the grinding machine clamping workbench special emery wheel is repaired;
(2) conditioner discs is taken off, hard and crisp crystal substrate is fixing on grinding machine clamping workbench; Special emery wheel after the finishing is contacted with substrate surface (5);
(3) control grinding and feeding speed is 1-5 μ m/min, and the rotating speed of special emery wheel is 500-1000n/min, and the rotating speed of hard and crisp crystal substrate is 50-200n/min, and the employing deionized water is a cooling fluid, and the flow of control deionized water is 10-50ml/min; The beginning grinding; By the wearing and tearing of special emery wheel with from sharp, special emery wheel inserts (1) dissolving and diffusion in cooling fluid constantly, formation can promote substrate surface to produce the grinding fluid environment of chemical reaction; Also make special emery wheel abrasive material (2) outstanding;
(4) in the grinding, the solid state reaction that contact by between abrasive material (2) and the substrate surface (5), collision, friction and heat effect excites or strengthen the solid-liquid chemical reaction of substrate surface (5) and grinding fluid and abrasive material (2) and substrate surface (5) forms the chemical reaction film (6) softer than abrasive material at place, the surperficial protruding peak of substrate surface (5);
(5) behind the generation chemical reaction film (6), further in the grinding process, friction, the collision effect of special wheel face abrasive material (2) and substrate surface (5) only can be removed chemical reaction film (6), can not go up generation micro-crack and cut damage at substrate surface (5); Removing the substrate surface (5) that exposes behind the chemical reaction film (6) can continue chemical reaction takes place under the grinding fluid environment, generates new chemical reaction film (6); The abrasive material that special emery wheel comes off (2) is drained with grinding fluid with the chemical reaction film of removing (6); Carry out above process repeatedly, realize the not damaged processing of substrate surface (5).
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JP6016301B2 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2016-10-26 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Surface processing method of single crystal SiC substrate, manufacturing method thereof, and grinding plate for surface processing of single crystal SiC substrate |
CN103831674A (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2014-06-04 | 湖南理工学院 | Laser-induced heat-cracking grinding method for aluminum oxide engineering ceramics |
CN103801992B (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2018-01-23 | 湖南理工学院 | The rotten wet grinding processing method of engineering ceramics induced with laser |
CN104400671A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-11 | 秦科 | High-polishing grinding tool and manufacturing method thereof |
CN104752603A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-07-01 | 浙江工业大学 | Electric field energy offset effect based ferroelectric material surface ultra-precision machining method |
CN109732471B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2020-07-28 | 湖南大学 | Chemical machinery-mechanical chemistry synergistic micro grinding method and composite abrasive grain type micro grinding tool |
CN108098460A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-06-01 | 湖南大学 | A kind of chemical modification liquid and the fine grinding processing method of chemical machinery |
CN112548883A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-26 | 西安奕斯伟硅片技术有限公司 | Grinding wheel and grinding equipment |
CN112720263B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2022-06-17 | 浙江工业大学 | Online dressing method for spraying strong-oxidizing grinding fluid to surface of super-hard abrasive particle metal bond grinding wheel |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH05345272A (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1993-12-27 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Electrolytic dressing grinding method and device |
CN1102369A (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1995-05-10 | 佳能株式会社 | Method and apparatus for grinding brittle materials |
US6413149B1 (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 2002-07-02 | Ebara Corporation | Abrading plate and polishing method using the same |
CN1496581A (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2004-05-12 | 株式会社迪思科 | Semiconductor wafer protective member and semiconductor wafer grinding method |
-
2006
- 2006-11-08 CN CNB2006101342497A patent/CN100443260C/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05345272A (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1993-12-27 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Electrolytic dressing grinding method and device |
CN1102369A (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1995-05-10 | 佳能株式会社 | Method and apparatus for grinding brittle materials |
US6413149B1 (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 2002-07-02 | Ebara Corporation | Abrading plate and polishing method using the same |
CN1496581A (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2004-05-12 | 株式会社迪思科 | Semiconductor wafer protective member and semiconductor wafer grinding method |
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