CN100436990C - 利用燃气轮机供给空气分离装置的方法和设备 - Google Patents

利用燃气轮机供给空气分离装置的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN100436990C
CN100436990C CNB2004800220218A CN200480022021A CN100436990C CN 100436990 C CN100436990 C CN 100436990C CN B2004800220218 A CNB2004800220218 A CN B2004800220218A CN 200480022021 A CN200480022021 A CN 200480022021A CN 100436990 C CN100436990 C CN 100436990C
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heat exchanger
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B·索尼耶
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/30Adding water, steam or other fluids for influencing combustion, e.g. to obtain cleaner exhaust gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04527Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
    • F25J3/04539Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels
    • F25J3/04545Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels for the gasification of solid or heavy liquid fuels, e.g. integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F25J3/04575Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for a gas expansion plant, e.g. dilution of the combustion gas in a gas turbine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04593The air gas consuming unit is also fed by an air stream
    • F25J3/046Completely integrated air feed compression, i.e. common MAC
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04612Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04612Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit
    • F25J3/04618Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit for cooling an air stream fed to the air fractionation unit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/70Steam turbine, e.g. used in a Rankine cycle

Abstract

根据本发明的方法,输入空气(通过16)进入空气分离装置(14),该输入空气的至少一部分从燃气轮机(2)供应,从分离装置(14)中取出至少一支富含氮的气流(通过20,24);在第一热交换器(56)中、在从燃气轮机(2)流出的输入空气部分和待加热的液体部分(58)之间进行热交换以获得第一加热后的液体部分(58),将该加热后的液体部分(58)加入到液体混合物部分(48)中以获得待冷却的液体部分(60),在第二热交换器(50)中、在待冷却的液体部分和富氮气流之间进行热交换。

Description

利用燃气轮机供给空气分离装置的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及利用燃气轮机供给空气分离装置的方法和设备。
背景技术
燃气轮机通常包括压缩机、燃烧室以及与该压缩机联接并驱动它的涡轮膨胀机。所述燃烧室接收烟气和一定量的氮,以降低燃烧室中的火焰温度,从而使释放到大气中的氮的氧化物最少化。
在已知方式中,可以通过气化即通过含碳产物-如煤或炼制残油-的氧化获得烟气。这种氧化在被称作“气化器”的独立装置中进行。
传统上,可以将这种燃气轮机与空气分离装置连接起来。通常为包含至少一个蒸馏柱的低温装置的空气分离装置利用空气来提供至少一支主要由空气中的一种气体特别是氧气或氮气组成的气流。
该空气分离装置和燃气轮机的组合受益于上述两种气流中的至少一种。为此,在空气分离装置中产生的氧气和氮气被分别输送到气化器和燃烧室。
本发明的一个特殊目的是组合使用燃气轮机和空气分离装置,其中,输送到该分离装置的输入空气至少部分由燃气轮机提供。
为此,该燃气轮机的压缩机的排放管路与分离装置的入口连通,以取代或补充外部的供给压缩机。这种布置在EP-A-0 568 431中有具体的说明。
从燃气轮机中流出的温度高于350℃的空气部分必须在输入空气分离装置前进行冷却。此外,废氮气流进入燃烧室时应该具有尽可能高的温度。
在这些条件下,US-A-3 731 495提出在从燃气轮机流出的空气和废氮气流之间进行热交换,以使它们各自的温度达到一致。
然而,这种已知的方案具有某些缺点。
事实上,废氮气流和从燃气轮机流出的空气流只取决于燃气轮机的特性和进入燃烧室的烟气的成分。因而,这些气流易于彼此非常不同。
由此,从燃气轮机流出的空气流(的温度)可能非常低,从而使废氮气流不可能被加热至200℃以上。在废氮气流必须在至少290℃时进入燃烧室的情况下,这样的温度是无法接受的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服这种缺点。
为此,本发明的方案是一种利用燃气轮机供给空气分离装置的方法,其中,输入空气进入所述空气分离装置的入口,该输入空气的至少一部分从所述燃气轮机供应,从分离装置中取出至少一支富氮气流,并且加热该富氮气流,其特征在于,为加热富氮气流,在第一热交换器中在从燃气轮机流出的输入空气部分和待加热的液体部分之间进行热交换以获得加热后的液体部分,将该加热后的液体部分加入到液体混合物部分中以获得待冷却的液体部分,在第二热交换器中在待冷却的液体部分和富氮气流之间进行热交换。
根据本发明的其它特征:
-至少部分液体混合物从锅炉的出口供给,
-至少部分在第二热交换器中冷却的液体部分回流到锅炉的入口,
-利用燃气轮机向锅炉供给能量,
-至少部分在第二热交换器中冷却的液体部分回流到第一热交换器的入口,
-在待加热的液体部分和从燃气轮机流出的输入空气部分之间以及在待冷却的液体部分和富氮气流之间进行逆流热交换。
-所述液体是水。
本发明的另一方案是一种利用燃气轮机供给空气分离装置的设备,它包括:包括压缩空气供给装置特别是压缩机的燃气轮机,空气分离装置,该空气分离装置包括与燃气轮机的供给装置相连并且至少包含第一供给装置的输入空气供给装置以及用于将至少一支富氮气流移出的装置;该设备还包括用于加热富氮气流的装置,其特征在于,所述加热富氮气流的装置包括:第一热交换器,在该第一热交换器中输入空气流过第一供给装置;用于待加热的液体部分并在第一热交换器的入口终止的输入装置;用于移出加热后的液体部分并与第一热交换器的出口连通的装置;第二热交换器,在该第二热交换器中富氮气流流过用于移出的装置;用于待冷却的液体部分并与第二热交换器的入口连通的输入装置;用于移出冷却后的液体部分并与第二热交换器的出口连通的装置;并且用于移出加热后的液体部分的装置与用于待冷却的液体部分的输入装置相连通。
根据本发明的其它特征:
-用于待冷却的液体部分的输入装置与锅炉相连通,
-用于移出冷却后的液体部分的装置与锅炉的入口相连通,
-在燃气轮机和该锅炉之间延伸设置能量供给装置,
-用于待加热的液体部分的输入装置与用于移出冷却后的液体部分的装置相连通,
-所述热交换器是逆流类型的。
附图说明
参照仅作为非限定性示例的附图,对本发明作如下说明,其中:
图1和图2是示出根据本发明的两种实施例的设备的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2所示的设备包括:用标记2总体标识的燃气轮机,它通常包含空气压缩机4,与压缩机4联接的涡轮膨胀机6以及燃烧室8。该燃气轮机2也设有由压缩机4和涡轮机6所共用的传动轴12所驱动的交流发电机10。
图1所示的设备还包括总的以标记14标识的已知类型的空气分离装置。通过与压缩机4的排放管路18相连通的管线16向这种分离装置14的入口供应空气。
分离装置以低温方式工作,由此它包括多个未示出的蒸馏柱。
管线20将含有少量氧气的第一废氮气流W移出装置14。该管线20终止于压缩机22,在压缩机22的下游延伸有在燃烧室8终止的管线24。
管线26将富氧气流GOX移出装置14。该管线26终止于压缩机28,压缩机28的下游延伸有管线30。该管线30终止于传统类型的气化器32,该气化器32由未示出的、含有含碳产物例如煤的容器供给。
在气化器32的下游延伸的管线34输送由上述含碳产物氧化后产生的烟气。该管线34与燃气轮机的燃烧室8相连通。
燃气轮机2的涡轮膨胀机6通过管线36与利用烟气余热的锅炉38连接,这些烟气在该涡轮机6的出口处发生膨胀。该锅炉38通过装有一泵42的管线40引入在该锅炉内加热并经由管线44移出的水。该管线44终止于由标记46标识的、传统类型的高压蒸汽发生区。
作为管线44的分支,管线48终止于热交换器的入口。热交换器也接收输送废氮的管线20。
用于移出由管线48输送的水的管线52将热交换器50的出口与管线40相连。该管线52终止于位于泵42上游的管线40。
此外,管线54是泵42下游的管线40的分支。该管线54和类似于热交换器50的热交换器56的入口相连通。该热交换器56也接收用于输送从燃气轮机2流出的输入空气部分的管线16。
管线58也将热交换器56的出口与将水输送至第一热交换器50的管线48连接。标记60表示管线48的从管线58的出口的下游延伸的端部。
参照图1,对上述设备的运作说明如下。
空气分离装置14从压缩机4接收压缩空气,并在传统方式下产生两支分别富含氮气和氧气的气流,这两支气流通过管线20和管线26输送。
富氧气流进入也接受含碳产物例如煤的气化器32。该气化器中进行的氧化反应导致由管线34输送的烟气的生成,该生成的烟气供给燃气轮机的燃烧室8。燃烧室8也通过管线24接收富氮气流W,并且通过管线18从压缩机4接收压缩空气。
通过相应的燃烧而产生的混有废氮的气体输送到涡轮膨胀机6的入口,在涡轮膨胀机6中它们发生膨胀并驱动涡轮机。通过传动轴12,这也用于驱动压缩机4和交流发电机10,例如,该发电机10供应未示出的配电系统。
在涡轮机6的出口处膨胀的烟气用于在锅炉38中加热经由管线40流入的水。由此,这种在管线40中温度约为100℃的水被加热成在管线44中约为300℃。
温度约为100℃的待加热的水通过管线54输送至热交换器56的入口。在这些水和经由管线16从燃气轮机2流出的空气部分之间进行热交换。
加热后的水随后通过管线58从热交换器56中移出。然后,这些加热后的水与通过管线48提取出的、温度约为300℃的水部分混合。
相应的水的混合物通过管线48的下游端部60送到热交换器50的入口。
然后,在由端部60输送的这些待冷却的水和在管线20中流动的废氮气流之间进行热交换。
管线52随后将温度约为100℃的冷却后的水经由管线40输送。废氮气也通过管线20、以在最佳条件下进入燃烧室8的温度从热交换器50中移出。
分别通过管线58和管线48输送的加热后的水流及混合水流由此将废氮加热至约290℃。
图2示出根据本发明的设备的第二实施例。
这种变型与图1所示的设备的区别在于,待加热的水不再从锅炉38的上游取出。因此,如图2所示,待加热的水通过管线54′从通过管线52从热交换器50移出的冷却水流中取出。泵55循环这种水提取。
示于图2中的设备的运作类似于图1中设备的运作。
本发明不局限于所说明和显示过的示例。
因此,可仅利用由空气分离装置产生的废氮来供应燃烧室8。在这种布置中,例如是天然气的烟气不由分离装置14中形成的氧气产生。
也有仅部分利用涡轮机来供给分离装置14。这时会提供独立的压缩机,它的出口和管线16相连通。
利用本发明可实现上述目的。
利用两种不同的液体部分可最优地加热废氮。事实上,该方案一方面受益于从燃气轮机流出的空气所释放的热量,另一方面,通过改变由管线48输送的液体混合物部分的流量,提供加热废氮所需的附加热量。
本发明也能够利用在锅炉38中回收的热量。这种在能量方面有利的方案涉及简单且廉价的设备。实际上,在由涡轮机供给的条件下,有必要使该锅炉靠近燃气轮机。

Claims (13)

1.一种利用燃气轮机(2)供给空气分离装置(14)的方法,其中,输入空气进入所述空气分离装置(14)的入口,该输入空气的至少一部分从所述燃气轮机(2)供应,从分离装置(14)中取出至少一支富氮气流,并且加热该富氮气流,其特征在于,为加热所述富氮气流,在第一热交换器(56)中在从燃气轮机(2)流出的输入空气部分和待加热的液体部分(54;54′)之间进行热交换以获得加热后的液体部分(58),将该加热后的液体部分(58)加入到液体混合物部分(48)中以获得待冷却的液体部分,在第二热交换器(50)中在所述待冷却的液体部分和富氮气流之间进行热交换。
2.根据权利要求1所述的供给方法,其特征在于,至少部分液体混合物部分(48)从锅炉(38)的出口供给。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的供给方法,其特征在于,至少部分在第二热交换器(50)中冷却的液体部分(52)回流到锅炉(38)的入口。
4.根据权利要求2所述的供给方法,其特征在于,利用燃气轮机(2)向所述锅炉(38)供给能量。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的供给方法,其特征在于,至少部分在第二热交换器(50)中冷却的液体部分(52)回流到所述第一热交换器(56)的入口。
6.根据权利要求1所述的供给方法,其特征在于,在待加热的液体部分(54;54′)和从燃气轮机(2)流出的输入空气部分之间以及在待冷却的液体部分和富氮气流之间进行逆流热交换。
7.根据权利要求1所述的供给方法,其特征在于,所述液体是水。
8.一种利用燃气轮机(2)供给空气分离装置(14)的设备,它包括:包括压缩空气供给装置的燃气轮机(2),空气分离装置(14),该空气分离装置(14)包括与燃气轮机(2)的供给装置(4)相连并且至少包含第一供给装置(16)的输入空气供给装置(16)以及用于将至少一支富氮气流移出的装置(20,24);该设备还包括用于加热富氮气流的装置,其特征在于,所述加热富氮气流的装置包括:第一热交换器(56),输入空气流过第一供给装置(16),第一供给装置(16)穿过第一热交换器(56);用于使待加热的液体部分在其中流动并在第一热交换器(56)的入口终止的输入装置(54;54′);用于移出加热后的液体部分并与第一热交换器的出口连通的装置(58);第二热交换器(50),用于移出富氮气流的装置(20,24)穿过该第二热交换器(50);用于使待冷却的液体部分在其中流动并与第二热交换器的入口连通的输入装置(60);用于移出冷却后的液体部分并与第二热交换器(50)的出口连通的装置(52);并且用于移出加热后的液体部分的装置(58)与用于使待冷却的液体部分在其中流动的输入装置(60)相连通。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其特征在于,用于使待冷却的液体部分在其中流动的输入装置(60)与锅炉(38)相连通。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的设备,其特征在于,用于移出冷却后的液体部分的装置(52)与锅炉(38)的入口相连通。
11.根据权利要求9所述的设备,其特征在于,设有在燃气轮机(2)和所述锅炉(38)之间延伸的能量供给装置(36)。
12.根据权利要求8或9所述的设备,其特征在于,用于使待加热的液体部分在其中流动的输入装置(54′)与用于移出冷却后的液体部分的装置(52)相连通。
13.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其特征在于,所述第一热交换器(56)和第二热交换器(50)是逆流类型的。
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