CN100423340C - 储氢容器的加热装置及方法 - Google Patents

储氢容器的加热装置及方法 Download PDF

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CN100423340C
CN100423340C CNB031570615A CN03157061A CN100423340C CN 100423340 C CN100423340 C CN 100423340C CN B031570615 A CNB031570615 A CN B031570615A CN 03157061 A CN03157061 A CN 03157061A CN 100423340 C CN100423340 C CN 100423340C
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thermal source
fuel
hydrogen storage
pipeline
hydrogen
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CN1595699A (zh
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杨源生
李英正
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Yatai Fuel Cell Sci & Tech Co Ltd
Asia Pacific Fuel Cell Technologies Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种储氢容器的加热装置及方法，以提供该储氢容器在放氢作业时所需的加热。本发明包括有一用来承置储氢容器的储氢罐容置体，并在该储氢罐容置体中配置有一触媒床。一送风装置经由一气流引入管路连通于一喷嘴区段，该喷嘴区段的气流送出端经由一混合气送出管路连通于该触媒床。一热源燃料贮槽贮放热源燃料，并经由一热源燃料供应管路、盘绕管路及热源燃料供应导管连通于该喷嘴区段。当一气流通过该喷嘴区段时，热源燃料被吸引入该喷嘴区段，使得热源燃料与气流形成雾状混合气并送入该触媒床中燃烧，其产生热气即用来对该储氢容器加热。

Description

储氢容器的加热装置及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种储氢容器的加热技术，特别是关于一种储氢容器的加热装置及方法，以使储氢容器在放氢作业时，对该储氢容器进行加热。
背景技术
燃料电池(Fuel Cell)是一种借着电化学反应，利用含氢燃料和空气产生电力的装置。为了使该燃料电池产生电化学反应，必需将氢气及空气分别经由适当的氢气信道及空气信道通入该燃料电池中。
目前氢气储存的技术主要可分为高压气体、液态氢与储氢合金三种，其中高压气体储氢方式的能量重量密度较高，但是体积较大，而且安全性较差。液态氢储氢方式的能量重量密度虽也较高，但是液化能量消耗大，同时须使用绝热储槽，比较适合用在大型储槽。在一般性的应用领域(例如电动车中所使用的较小型储氢容器2)中，应以储氢合金较为实用。储氢合金的技术，主要是以储氢容器2作为氢气的贮存容器。
储氢合金的种类甚多，操作的压力与温度都不相同，同时单位重量与单位体积的储氢量也各自相异。目前实用的储氢合金包括镧镍系列、铁钛系列与镁合金系列等，较常使用者为铁钛系列，所能产生的压力、流量与合金重量等特性较为适合应用在例如电动车中。
镁合金系列的储氢容器较镧镍系列、铁钛系列的储氢量高，亦即相同重量的容器可储存的氢气量较多。但是镁合金系列的储氢容器在实际使用时有一项缺点，亦即须要在高温状况下才能释放较大流量的氢气，例如在200~300℃之间，因此如无适当的加热装置则无法使用。
然而，以储氢容器来作为燃料电池的氢气供应源时，虽然具有简便、安全的优点，但是该储氢容器的储氢、放氢性能直接影响了燃料电池的操作性能。储氢合金在放氢时会吸热，使储氢容器的温度下降，导致储氢合金的放氢速率降低，因此此时需要同时利用适当的加热方式将储氢容器予以加热，以提升放氢速率。
然而，在现有技术中，为了要使该储氢容器在放氢作业时能对该储氢容器进行适当的加热，一般都是以电热加热方式或回收引擎、电池组的废热来达到加热的功能，此种方式需由一电力或废热回收装置来供应该电热装置所需的电能。在实际使用时仍有其限制。再者，以该电热装置对储氢容器进行加热时，除耗费甚大的电能之外，其加热速度亦较慢。目前为止的现有技术中，并未见到有可迅速加热、加热温度高的技术。另外，采用质子交换膜燃料电池冷却水废热时，废热温度在100℃以下，也无法提供足够的热量加热镁合金系列的储氢容器。
发明内容
因此，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种储氢容器的加热装置，以使储氢容器在放氢作业时，能对该储氢容器进行快速的加热。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种以热源燃料提供储氢容器加热所需热能的装置，该热源燃料可为甲醇，以使燃料电池的储氢容器在放氢作业时，能有另一种加热方式的选择，以因应各种不同的应用领域所使用。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种高效能的储氢容器加热装置，其采用甲醇搭配触媒床的结构来使储氢容器得以受到迅速及高效能的加热。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种储氢容器的加热装置，用以对至少一储氢容器进行加热，以使该储氢容器由一氢气释放管路释出氢气，该装置包括有：
一储氢罐容置体，用以承置该储氢容器于其内部空间；
一触媒床，配置在该储氢罐容置体中；
一送风装置，用以供应一气流；
一喷嘴区段，其具有一气流引入端，经由一气流引入管路连通于该送风装置，用以引入气流至该喷嘴区段，该喷嘴区段的气流送出端经由一混合气送出管路连通于该触媒床的混合气送入端；
一热源燃料贮槽，用以贮放适量的热源燃料，其配置有一热源燃料供应管路，并连通于该喷嘴区段；
当该送风装置所产生的气流通过该喷嘴区段时，在该喷嘴区段形成气流负压，使热源燃料供应管路中所供应的热源燃料被吸引入该喷嘴区段，使得热源燃料与气流形成混合气，该混合气经由该混合气送出管路送入该触媒床的混合气送入端，该混合气在触媒床中燃烧后产生热气，使得承置在该储氢罐容置体中的储氢容器受到加热。
该热源燃料贮槽中所贮放的热源燃料为甲醇。
该热源燃料贮槽的热源燃料供应管路中更配置有一预热装置，以使该热源燃料贮槽所供应的热源燃料在经由热源燃料供应管路供应至该喷嘴区段之间，以该预热装置对该热源燃料进行预热。
该储氢罐容置体的内侧壁面更配置有复数圈的盘绕管路，其连通于热源燃料供应管路，以使该热源燃料贮槽的热源燃料供应管路先经过该盘绕管路之后，再连通至该喷嘴区段，藉由该触媒床燃烧产生的热气，对该盘绕管路中的热源燃料进行加热。
该储氢容器的氢气释放管路中配置有一压力调节阀，用以调节该储氢容器所释放出氢气的压力。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种储氢容器的加热方法，其采用简易的气流供应及热源燃料的供应，即可使储氢容器得以受到迅速及高效能的加热。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种储氢容器的加热方法，用以对至少一储氢容器进行加热，以使该储氢容器由一氢气释放管路释出氢气，该方法包括下列步骤：
(a)由一送风装置提供一气流，并经一气流引入管路送至一喷嘴区段；
(b)提供一热源燃料至一热源燃料供应管路，并经由一热源燃料供应导管连通至该喷嘴区段的一热源燃料入口；
(c)当该气流通过该喷嘴区段时，将该热源燃料经由热源燃料入口吸入至该喷嘴区段中，而形成雾状混合气；
(d)将该混合气导引送至一触媒床中，使该混合气在该触媒床中燃烧，并送出热气；
(e)将该触媒床所产生的热气导引至该储氢容器周围，使该储氢容器受到加热。
该热源燃料为甲醇。
上述步骤(b)中，该热源燃料在送入热源燃料供应管路中之后，更经一预热步骤，以使该热源燃料受到预热。
上述步骤(b)中，该热源燃料在送入热源燃料供应管路中之后，更经一盘绕在该储氢罐容置体的内侧壁面的复数圈盘绕管路再送至热源燃料供应导管，以使该热源燃料在通过该盘绕管路时，受到该触媒床所产生的热气予以加热。
上述步骤(d)中，更包括有一回收该触媒床所产生的热气的步骤。
附图说明
图1所示为本发明相关构件配置的示意图；
图2所示为本发明的控制流程图。
如图各组件符号说明
1     储氢罐容置体
2     储氢容器
21    连接结构
22    氢气释放管路
23    流量计
24    压力调节阀
25    盖体
26    垫圈
27    隔热材料层
3     热源燃料贮槽
31    液态甲醇
32    泵浦
33    热源燃料供应管路
34    盘绕管路
35    热源燃料供应导管
4     预热装置
5     送风装置
51    气流
52    气流引入管路
53    喷嘴区段
531   热源燃料入口
54    混合气送出管路
55    混合气
6     触媒床
61    混合气送入端
62    燃烧端
63    热气
具体实施方式
请参阅图1所示，为本发明相关构件配置的示意图。如图所示，本发明是在一储氢罐容置体1的内部空间承置有例如两个储氢容器2，该储氢容器2可藉由一连接结构21而连接于一氢气释放管路22的一端。该连接结构21例如可采用卡制杆、扣合、螺合、压合等习知结合方式，以使该储氢容器2稳固连接于该氢气释放管路22。
在该氢气释放管路22中可配置有一流量计23，用以量测该储氢容器2所释放出氢气的流量。该氢气释放管路22中还配置有一压力调节阀24，用以调节该储氢容器2所释放出氢气的压力。
该储氢罐容置体1的另一端可结合有一盖体25，以使该储氢罐容置体1的一端予以封闭。而当需要将放氢完成的储氢容器2由储氢罐容置体1中予以取出时，则可将该盖体25予以分离，以便拆装该储氢容器2。在该盖体25与储氢罐容置体1之间可夹置有一垫圈26，且该储氢罐容置体1的外壁面更可覆设有隔热材料层27，以使该储氢罐容置体1具有较佳的保温效果。
一热源燃料贮槽3中贮放了适量的热源燃料31(例如液态甲醇)，其可经由一泵浦32将热源燃料31抽送至一热源燃料供应管路33。而在该储氢罐容置体1的内部配置有复数圈的盘绕管路34，其可以是沿着该储氢罐容置体1的内侧壁面而盘绕。该盘绕管路34的一端连通于该热源燃料供应管路33。
较佳地，该热源燃料供应管路33在进入盘绕管路34之前，可配置有一预热装置4，其可为一电热式加热装置。藉由该预热装置4可使该热源燃料贮槽3所供应的热源燃料31在经由热源燃料供应管路33时，可由该预热装置4对通过的甲醇进行预热，然后再送入盘绕管路34中。
一送风装置5可用以供应一气流51，该送风装置5的气流输出端经由一气流引入管路52连接一喷嘴区段53的气流引入端，以使该气流51引入至该喷嘴区段53中。该喷嘴区段53的气流送出端经由一混合气送出管路54连通于一触媒床6(Catalyst Bed)的混合气送入端61。该触媒床6配置在该储氢罐容置体1的内部空间，且在此一实施例中其配置在两个储氢容器2之间。
在该喷嘴区段53具有一热源燃料入口531，连通有一热源燃料供应导管35，而该热源燃料供应导管35则是经由储氢罐容置体1中的盘绕管路34之后连通于该热源燃料供应管路33。
当该送风装置5所产生的气流51经由气流引入管路52送至该喷嘴区段53时，由于该喷嘴区段53的直径较气流引入管路52的直径为小，故在该喷嘴区段53形成气流负压，使热源燃料供应导管35的甲醇被吸引入该喷嘴区段53，使得甲醇与气流形成雾状混合气55。
该混合气55经由该混合气送出管路54送入该触媒床6的混合气送入端61时，该混合气55会在该触媒床6中燃烧而在燃烧端62产生热气63，使得承置在该储氢罐容置体1中的储氢容器2受到加热。当该触媒床6的燃烧端62所产生的热气63在通过该储氢容器2与该储氢罐容置体1之间时，会通过盘绕在该储氢罐容置体1的内侧壁面的盘绕管路34，故使得该盘绕管路34内部的甲醇进一步得到热能而完全气化。
在该储氢罐容置体1的热气排出端亦可包括有一气体回收装置，以将可能燃烧不完全或再行利用的废热重新导回予以回收燃烧。
在该储氢罐容置体1的热气排出末端亦可包括有一气体处理装置，以将残存燃烧不完全的物质加以处理，此种装置类似汽机车引擎废气的触媒转换器，可减少污染排放。
基于上述架构，在执行储氢容器的加热时(参阅图2所示的流程图)，首先是由该送风装置5提供气流51，并经气流引入管路52送至喷嘴区段53(步骤101)。同时，由该泵浦32将热源燃料贮槽3中的热源燃料(液态甲醇)供应至该热源燃料供应管路33(步骤102)。此时，该热源燃料可在通过该热源燃料供应管路33时，以预热装置4进行预热(步骤103)。
然后，该热源燃料再经由盘绕管路34及热源燃料供应导管35而连通至该喷嘴区段53的热源燃料入口531(步骤104)。该热源燃料在通过该盘绕管路34时，会受到触媒床6所产生的热气予以加热。
当该气流51通过该喷嘴区段53时，将热源燃料供应导管35中的热源燃料经由喷嘴区段53的热源燃料入口531吸入至该喷嘴区段53中，而形成雾状混合气(步骤105)。如此可将该混合气导引送至一触媒床6中(步骤106)，使该混合气在该触媒床6中燃烧，并送出热气(步骤107)。
最后，将该触媒床6所产生的热气导引至该储氢罐容置体1的内部空间以及储氢容器2周围(步骤108)，使该储氢容器受到加热。该触媒床6所产生的热气可在排出时，更可包括一回收该触媒床所产生热气的步骤(步骤109)。

Claims (8)

1. 一种储氢容器的加热装置，用以对至少一储氢容器进行加热，以使该储氢容器由一氢气释放管路释出氢气，该装置包括有：
一储氢罐容置体，用以承置该储氢容器于其内部空间；
一触媒床，配置在该储氢罐容置体中；
一送风装置，用以供应一气流；
一喷嘴区段，其具有一气流引入端，经由一气流引入管路连通于该送风装置，用以引入气流至该喷嘴区段，该喷嘴区段的气流送出端经由一混合气送出管路连通于该触媒床的混合气送入端；
一热源燃料贮槽，用以贮放适量的热源燃料，其配置有一热源燃料供应管路，并连通于该喷嘴区段；该热源燃料供应管路还包括：
一预热装置以使该热源燃料贮槽所供应的热源燃料在经由热源燃料供应管路供应至该喷嘴区段之间，以该预热装置对该热源燃料进行预热；
当该送风装置所产生的气流通过该喷嘴区段时，在该喷嘴区段形成气流负压，使热源燃料供应管路中所供应的热源燃料被吸引入该喷嘴区段，使得热源燃料与气流形成混合气，该混合气经由该混合气送出管路送入该触媒床的混合气送入端，该混合气在触媒床中燃烧后产生热气，使得承置在该储氢罐容置体中的储氢容器受到加热。
2. 如权利要求1所述储氢容器的加热装置，其中该热源燃料贮槽中所贮放的热源燃料为甲醇。
3. 如权利要求1所述储氢容器的加热装置，其中该储氢罐容置体的内侧壁面更配置有复数圈的盘绕管路，其连通于热源燃料供应管路，以使该热源燃料贮槽的热源燃料供应管路先经过该盘绕管路之后，再连通至该喷嘴区段，藉由该触媒床燃烧产生的热气，对该盘绕管路中的热源燃料进行加热。
4. 如权利要求1所述储氢容器的加热装置，其中该储氢容器的氢气释放管路中配置有一压力调节阀，用以调节该储氢容器所释放出氢气的压力。
5. 一种储氢容器的加热方法，用以对至少一储氢容器进行加热，以使该储氢容器由一氢气释放管路释出氢气，该方法包括下列步骤：
(a)由一送风装置提供一气流，并经一气流引入管路送至一喷嘴区段；
(b)提供一热源燃料至一热源燃料供应管路，并经由一热源燃料供应导管连通至该喷嘴区段的一热源燃料入口，当该热源燃料在送入热源燃料供应管路中之后，还经一预热步骤，以使该热源燃料受到预热；
(c)当该气流通过该喷嘴区段时，将该热源燃料经由热源燃料入口吸入至该喷嘴区段中，而形成雾状混合气；
(d)将该混合气导引送至一触媒床中，使该混合气在该触媒床中燃烧，并送出热气；
(e)将该触媒床所产生的热气导引至该储氢容器周围，使该储氢容器受到加热。
6. 如权利要求5所述储氢容器的加热方法，其中该热源燃料为甲醇。
7. 如权利要求5所述储氢容器的加热方法，其中步骤(b)中，该热源燃料在送入热源燃料供应管路中之后，更经一盘绕在该储氢罐容置体的内侧壁面的复数圈盘绕管路再送至热源燃料供应导管，以使该热源燃料在通过该盘绕管路时，受到该触媒床所产生的热气予以加热。
8. 如权利要求5所述储氢容器的加热方法，其中步骤(d)中，更包括有一回收该触媒床所产生的热气的步骤。
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