CN100422078C - Method for producing active carbon and active carbon - Google Patents
Method for producing active carbon and active carbon Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100422078C CN100422078C CNB2004100899729A CN200410089972A CN100422078C CN 100422078 C CN100422078 C CN 100422078C CN B2004100899729 A CNB2004100899729 A CN B2004100899729A CN 200410089972 A CN200410089972 A CN 200410089972A CN 100422078 C CN100422078 C CN 100422078C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- procedure
- gac
- active carbon
- destructive distillation
- pulverizing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a method for preparing active carbon with excellent proportionality of active carbon adsorption capacity of unit adsorption tank volume and active carbon intensity, and the active carbon with excellent proportionality. The method for preparing active carbon comprises a pulverizing procedure, a mixing procedure, a shaping procedure, a dry distillation procedure and an activating procedure, wherein the pulverizing procedure comprises that dry-burning coal is used as raw materials which are pulverized into particles, the particle diameter of each of which is 150 mum or below 150 mum, wherein at least 80% or more than 80% particle diameters are 75 mum or below 75 mum; the mixing procedure comprises that pulverized products obtained by the pulverizing procedure are mixed with asphalt, and the stirring is carried out; the shaping procedure makes the mixture obtained by the mixing procedure shaped under the condition of pressurization; the dry distillation procedure comprises that after the shaped products obtained by the shaping procedure are heated to 200 to 500 DEG C, the cooling is carried out in atmosphere, and then the products are heated again to 500 to 750 DEG C; the activating procedure makes the dry distillation products obtained by the dry distillation procedure activated. The method for preparing active carbon and the active carbon obtained by the method can solve the problems.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to the manufacture method and the gac of gac.More particularly, the harmonious excellent gac manufacture method of the activated carbon adsorptive capacity of the unit's of the invention provides adsorption tank volume and gac intensity, and so harmonious excellent gac.
[background technology]
In fields such as food, chemical industry, gac is used as sorbing material widely, and is widely used in the field that off gas treatment, wastewater treatment etc. are prevented and remedied pollution.Under many circumstances, gac is filled to adsorption tank and for using, still, if the tamped density of gac is low, adsorption tank is maximized, and produces the cost height, installs problems such as the space is big.For fear of these problems, need the high gac of adsorptive power of unit volume, the adsorptive power of described unit volume is to instigate the adsorptive power of unit weight to multiply by tamped density and the adsorptive power of the unit volume that obtains.On the other hand, if the intensity of gac is little, because gac is being filled and when wherein extracting, perhaps in use, gac is broken easily, efflorescence, therefore, can produce the diffusion of gac, the various drawbacks such as increase of the pressure-losses to packing layer.Therefore, from related the problems referred to above, need high-intensity gac.
As the manufacture method of the gac that improves above-mentioned shortcoming, the adsorptive power that discloses tetracol phenixin is 73%-76%, and the tamped density of this moment is the manufacture method (patent documentation 1) of the gac of 510-530g/L.Yet though the gac that obtains by manufacture method disclosed herein is its tamped density height, but its adsorptive power is low, thereby the adsorptive power of unit volume is not enough, and under 250-380 ℃, after the moulding product are carried out the destructive distillation first time, water water cooling, then under 550-650 ℃, carry out the destructive distillation second time, therefore, because cooling fast is easy to generate the cracking of gac etc., from outward appearance and intensity, may not be preferable methods.
[patent documentation 1] Chinese patent ZL99125312.4 communique
Present inventors study the gac that uses the many noncaking coals of ash content, in fixed carbon ingredients constitute 70 weight % or above noncaking coal, with respect to the maximum weight ratio of this coal with 50: 50, Mixed Stationary carbon ingredients constitute 50 weight % or more than, and ash content account for 3 weight % or more than, 25 weight % or following non-adhesive semi-anthracitic coal, and with the gained mixture as raw material, by in this mixture, adding the molding procedure that tackiness agent carries out moulding, and the gained molding is carried out pyrogenous destructive distillation operation prepare gac, thereby finish the manufacture method of gac, and formerly proposed patent application (patent documentation 2).By this method, can make further improved gac, still, even by this method, from adsorptive power and intensity isostatic viewpoint, may not be gratifying method.
[patent documentation 2] spy opens the 2003-147369 communique
[content of invention]
[problem that invention will solve]
Under many circumstances, owing to gac is filled to adsorption tank for using, therefore, the adsorptive power of the gac of unit adsorption tank volume just seems extremely important.In general, if improve gac to adsorptive power, tamped density and intensity will descend, on the contrary, if increase tamped density and intensity, the opposite tendency that just exists adsorptive power to descend, therefore, expect the gac that adsorptive power, tamped density, strength level are all high, but also finding to reach the related content of the gac of above-mentioned requirements so far.
Thereby, the purpose of this invention is to provide the activated carbon adsorptive capacity of unit adsorption tank volume and the harmonious excellent gac manufacture method of gac intensity, and so harmonious excellent gac, specifically, the object of the invention provide be suitable for carrying out deodorizing, off gas treatment and remove volatile organic compounds, tamped density be 0.490g/mL (milliliter) or above, be that 77 weight % or above, intensity are 80% or the manufacture method of above gac and the gac that makes by such method to the adsorptive power of tetracol phenixin.And, in the present invention, so-called harmonious excellent gac, be meant that tamped density is more than the 0.490g/mL, and to adsorptive power (%) * intensity (%) product of tetracol phenixin be 0.650 or more than, be preferably 0.670 or more than, more preferably 0.700 or above gac.
[solving the method for problem]
In order to achieve the above object, present inventors are conceived to noncaking coal, and to pulverizing, mixing, moulding, destructive distillation and activate each operation and carried out at length research, the result has finished the present invention.Promptly, the present invention is a kind of manufacture method of gac, it is characterized in that comprising following operation, with noncaking coal as raw material, and be 150 μ m or following with this raw material pulverizing to particle diameter, wherein at least 80 weight % or above particle diameter are 75 μ m or following pulverizing process; Mix asphalt and the mixed processes that stirs in the crushed products that obtains by this pulverizing process; Make the mixture that obtains by this mixed processes molding procedure at the pressurized conditions compacted under; After will being heated to 200-500 ℃ by the moulding product that this molding procedure obtains, in atmosphere,, then, reheat destructive distillation operation to 500-750 ℃ once cooling; And make the destructive distillation product activatory activation procedure that obtains by this destructive distillation operation.
Another inventive point of the present invention is the gac of making by such method, the tamped density of this gac be 0.490g/mL or above, to the adsorptive power of tetracol phenixin be 77% or above and intensity be 80% or more than.
[effect of invention]
By the present invention, the harmonious excellent gac manufacture method of activated carbon adsorptive capacity that can the unit's of providing adsorption tank volume and intensity.Because gac according to the present invention balance excellence aspect adsorptive power and intensity, therefore, industrially can scavenge effectively, off gas treatment, sewage disposals etc. such as deodorizing, solvent recuperation.
[best mode that carries out an invention]
Maximum characteristics of the present invention are that each operation of pulverizing, mixing, moulding, destructive distillation and activatory to noncaking coal at length studies, and make each operation optimizing.Below, the present invention will be described in order.At first, in the present invention, with noncaking coal as raw material.In order to select such coal, following crucible exponent of expansion (being designated hereinafter simply as CSN) is measured, preferably selecting this CSN is 0 coal.As concrete example, can enumerate as the anthracitic too western carbon that area, Chinese Ningxia produces etc. that originates from.
In the present invention, this coal dust need be broken to particle diameter is 150 μ m or following, and wherein at least 80 weight % or above particle diameter are 75 μ m or following.More preferably with 50 weight % or the above particle diameter 45 μ m or following that are ground into.As breaking method, various pulverizing instruments such as known cylinder stoning machine, ball mill, hammer mill are pulverized before can utilizing.
Then, with fine coal and pitch thorough mixing.As pitch, can use coal-tar pitch, petroleum pitch etc.At this moment, in order to improve processability, destructive distillation performance, preferred mixed coal tar and using.Pitch and coal tar are preferably implemented with the weight ratio of pitch/coal tar=1/3-3/1.Preferably with respect to the feed coal of 100 weight parts, pitch be at least 10 weight parts or more than, and to make the total amount of pitch and coal tar be 40 weight parts or followingly mix stirring.
When mixing coal, pitch and coal tar,, just can flecklessly and equably mix, thereby be preferred if pitch and coal tar are heated to 30 ℃ or above and be lower than 200 ℃ and mix.In addition, in order to improve processability, preferably adding total amount with respect to 100 weight part coals is 7 weight parts or above, 25 weight parts or following water and/or volatile organic matter.As volatile organic matter, can use kerosene, gasoline, diesel oil etc.For being used for the blended device, restriction especially for example, can not used Z type biaxial type kneader etc.
Then, at 120kg/cm
2Or above, preferably at 180kg/cm
2Or under the above pressure, well-mixed mixture is carried out forming process.As the shape of moulding product, can be according to purpose, suitably be defined as cylindrical, round shape, sphere etc.As shaped device, can use various shaped devices such as roller extruding type, collar plate shape tablets press, annular tablets press, extruding type.
200-500 ℃, preferably under 300-400 ℃ temperature, after the moulding product that obtained by molding procedure are carried out the destructive distillation first time, in case after in air, being cooled to the moulding product below 100 ℃, at once 500-750 ℃, preferably under 550-700 ℃ temperature, carry out the destructive distillation second time, promptly carry out two stage destructive distillation.For the first time after the destructive distillation, owing to cool off in air, pyrolyzate can be oxidized, therefore, during destructive distillation for the second time, not only can prevent distortion such as pyrolyzate expansion afterwards under 500-750 ℃ temperature, can also improve the adsorptive power of gac.In addition, cool off slowly, can prevent the cracking of pyrolyzate etc. by in air, making pyrolyzate.
Holding time in the destructive distillation operation preferably is 10-60 minute holding time of 200-500 ℃ of temperature section, is 10-60 minute holding time of 500-750 ℃ of temperature section.In addition, this moment, the gas in the atmosphere surrounding was 1 volume % or above and be lower than 15 volume % 200-500 ℃ of temperature section oxygen concentration, preferably made oxygen concentration be lower than 3 volume % at 500-750 ℃ of temperature section.
By activation procedure, the pyrolyzate that is obtained by the destructive distillation operation is activated and forms gac.In activation procedure, in order to make high-quality gac at an easy rate, preferably under the condition of the oxidizing gas atmosphere such as mixed gas of water vapour, carbonic acid gas, air, propane combustion gases, kerosene combustion gases, these gases, 400-1100 ℃, pyrolyzate is activated.In order to make high performance active carbon more at an easy rate, preferably use the gas that contains 20 volume % or above water vapor as activated gas, and under 750-950 ℃ temperature, activate.As activating apparatus, can use rotary oven, fluid bed furnace, ヘ レ シ ョ Off stove, slip stove (ス リ one Block stove) etc.As required, by operations such as acid elution, water washing, drying, screenings, the gained gac is made finished product.
By above manufacture method, can make tamped density and be 0.490g/mL or above, be 77% or above and intensity 80% or above gac to the adsorptive power of tetracol phenixin.As mentioned above, if raising adsorptive power, tamped density, intensity just have a declining tendency, therefore, obtaining these harmonious good gacs is purposes of the present invention, if be 77% or when above to the adsorptive power of tetracol phenixin, tamped density be 0.490g/mL or more than, then compared, just can significantly improve the adsorptive power of the gac of unit adsorption tank volume with former gac.In addition, if the intensity of this moment be 80% or more than, just can significantly reduce the drawback that fragmentation by to the operation of gac and use time the, efflorescence etc. cause.Below, by embodiment, the present invention is described more specifically, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
In embodiment and comparative example, by the following method, physical properties is measured.
(1) crucible exponent of expansion (CSN): with JIS M8801 is benchmark, sample is added in the crucible of regulation, heats under defined terms, heating residue and the nominal contour that generates is compared, and show.
(2) tamped density: in the graduated cylinder of 1000mL, fill the sample of 500mL, and gravimetry.
(3) to the adsorptive power of tetracol phenixin: with JIS K 1474 is that benchmark is measured.
(4) intensity: to internal diameter is that 25mm, length are in the metal rounding tube container of 300mm, put into the steel ball of 5g sample and 10 8mm, center with length direction is a fulcrum, in the vertical plane that contains axle, with the rotation of the speed of 25rpm after 40 minutes, utilizing the aperture is that the standard sieve of 300 μ m sieves, and measures the residual quantity on the sieve, obtains the ratio with respect to initial mass.
Embodiment 1
Use CSN be cohesionless geographic too western carbon in Chinese Ningxia that originates from of 0 as feed coal, be that 150 μ m or following and 85 weight % are ground into particle diameter 75 μ m or following with full dose raw material pulverizing to particle diameter.Then, add respectively with respect to 100 weight part coals 12 weight parts water, 15 weight parts as the coal-tar pitch of tackiness agent and the coal tar of 20 weight parts, after the stirring, utilize the extruding type tablets press, at 200kg/cm
2Pressure under push, and to be shaped to diameter be the cylindrical of 4.0mm.
Be that retention time under 350 ℃ the 200-350 ℃ of temperature is that 30 minutes, oxygen concentration are under the condition of 10 volume % in top temperature, the gained forming composition is carried out the destructive distillation first time.After in air, being cooled to 50 ℃, be that retention time under 650 ℃ the 500-650 temperature is under 30 minutes, the condition of oxygen concentration less than 3 volume % in top temperature, carry out the destructive distillation second time, then, be that 50 volume %, water vapor are that 40 volume %, carbonic acid gas are to activate under 850 ℃ in the mixed gas of 10 volume % at nitrogen.The results are shown in table 1.
[comparative example 1]
Use CSN be 2.0 have the close-burning Lvliang City's carbon of Chinese Shanxi area that originates from as feed coal, and pulverize similarly to Example 1, each operation such as mixing, moulding, destructive distillation, attempt making gac, but violent expansion takes place when destructive distillation, thereby can not carry out later activation procedure.
[comparative example 2]
Use the coal identical with embodiment 1, with full dose raw material pulverizing to particle diameter is that to be ground into particle diameter be 75 μ m or following for 150 μ m or following and 70 weight %, through such pulverizing process, and mix, moulding, destructive distillation and each operation of activatory, thereby make gac.The results are shown in table 1.
[comparative example 3]
Except behind pulverizing process, relative 100 weight part coals add respectively the water of 12 weight parts and 35 weight parts as the coal tar of tackiness agent and beyond mixing, make gac similarly to Example 1.The results are shown in table 1.
[comparative example 4]
After each operation of, mixing broken, moulding, after the destructive distillation first time, do not cool off and directly carry out beyond the destructive distillation second time, make gac similarly to Example 1 except conducting powder.The results are shown in table 1.
[comparative example 5]
After each operation of, mixing broken, moulding, carry out the destructive distillation first time, water after the destructive distillation for the first time and be water-cooled to 30 ℃, carry out again making gac similarly to Example 1 beyond the destructive distillation second time, the results are shown in table 1 except conducting powder.
[comparative example 6]
Pulverize similarly to Example 1, after each operation of mixing, moulding, the top temperature when making destructive distillation for the first time is 180 ℃ and carries out destructive distillation, carries out activation procedure then.The results are shown in table 1.
[comparative example 7]
Pulverize similarly to Example 1, after each operation of mixing, moulding, the top temperature when making destructive distillation for the first time is 550 ℃ and carries out destructive distillation, carries out activation procedure then.The results are shown in table 1.
[comparative example 8]
Pulverize similarly to Example 1, after each operation of mixing, moulding, make top temperature when dry for the second time be 450 ℃ and carry out destructive distillation, carry out activation procedure then.The results are shown in table 1.
[comparative example 9]
Pulverize similarly to Example 1, after each operation of mixing, moulding, make top temperature when dry for the second time be 800 ℃ and carry out destructive distillation, carry out activation procedure then.The results are shown in table 1.From the result of table 1, of the present invention the good results are evident.
[table 1]
| Tamped density (g/mL) | Tetracol phenixin adsorptive power (%) | Intensity (%) | The harmony of gac | |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.501 | 81 | 88 | 0.713 |
| Comparative example 1 | Can not destructive distillation | - | - | - |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.484 | 78 | 82 | 0.640 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.471 | 82 | 77 | 0.631 |
| Comparative example 4 | 0.470 | 74 | 78 | 0.577 |
| Comparative example 5 | 0.515 | 74 | 79 | 0.585 |
| Comparative example 6 | 0.471 | 73 | 81 | 0.591 |
| Comparative example 7 | 0.513 | 76 | 78 | 0.593 |
| Comparative example 8 | 0.503 | 71 | 78 | 0.554 |
| Comparative example 9 | 0.511 | 74 | 82 | 0.607 |
[industrial applicibility]
By the present invention, the harmonious excellent active carbon of the adsorption capacity of the unit's of making adsorption tank volume activity charcoal and intensity easily. If use this active carbon, not only along with the adsorbent equipment miniaturization can make cost, and, when active carbon is filled to adsorption tank or from wherein extracting, or in use, can also prevent from causing the drawbacks such as active carbon dispersion and pressure loss increase by fragmentation, the efflorescence of active carbon. Thereby, because device can be arranged on narrow space, therefore, can be under the prerequisite that keeps or better performance identical with existing apparatus, preferably be applicable to the wastewater treatment equipments such as emission-control equipment, sewage disposal take exhaust apparatus, odor removal, solvent recovery unit as representative.
Claims (2)
1. the manufacture method of a gac, its feature is made of following operation: noncaking coal as raw material, and is become particle diameter 150 μ m or following with this raw material pulverizing, and wherein at least 80 weight % or above particle diameter are 75 μ m or following pulverizing process; To crushed products mix asphalt that obtains by this pulverizing process and the mixed processes that stirs; Make the mixture that obtains by this mixed processes molding procedure at the pressurized conditions compacted under; After will being heated to 200-500 ℃ by the moulding product that this molding procedure obtains, in atmosphere,, then, reheat destructive distillation operation to 500-750 ℃ once cooling; And make the destructive distillation product activatory activation procedure that obtains by this destructive distillation operation.
2. the gac of making by the described method of claim 1, the tamped density of this gac be 0.490g/mL or above and to the adsorptive power of tetracol phenixin be 77 weight % or above and intensity be 80% or more than, and the product of the adsorptive power of tetracol phenixin and intensity 0.650 or more than.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100899729A CN100422078C (en) | 2004-09-15 | 2004-09-15 | Method for producing active carbon and active carbon |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100899729A CN100422078C (en) | 2004-09-15 | 2004-09-15 | Method for producing active carbon and active carbon |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1749158A CN1749158A (en) | 2006-03-22 |
| CN100422078C true CN100422078C (en) | 2008-10-01 |
Family
ID=36604840
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100899729A Expired - Fee Related CN100422078C (en) | 2004-09-15 | 2004-09-15 | Method for producing active carbon and active carbon |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100422078C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105800610B (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-03-27 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | A kind of preparation method of binder free coal base agglomerated activated carbon |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3539467A (en) * | 1967-11-30 | 1970-11-10 | Kewanee Oil Co | Hot briquetting and oxidation of coal-pitch mixtures in preparing activated carbon |
| EP0025099A1 (en) * | 1979-08-01 | 1981-03-18 | Kennecott Corporation | Process for manufacturing hard granular activated carbon from sub-bituminous coal |
| CN87100558A (en) * | 1987-01-24 | 1988-08-03 | 宁夏回族自治区化工研究所 | Make the method for granular active carbon by coal |
| CN1297845A (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2001-06-06 | 银川活性炭厂 | Preparation technology of active carbon with great bulk weight |
-
2004
- 2004-09-15 CN CNB2004100899729A patent/CN100422078C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3539467A (en) * | 1967-11-30 | 1970-11-10 | Kewanee Oil Co | Hot briquetting and oxidation of coal-pitch mixtures in preparing activated carbon |
| EP0025099A1 (en) * | 1979-08-01 | 1981-03-18 | Kennecott Corporation | Process for manufacturing hard granular activated carbon from sub-bituminous coal |
| CN87100558A (en) * | 1987-01-24 | 1988-08-03 | 宁夏回族自治区化工研究所 | Make the method for granular active carbon by coal |
| CN1297845A (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2001-06-06 | 银川活性炭厂 | Preparation technology of active carbon with great bulk weight |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1749158A (en) | 2006-03-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Kończak et al. | Application of different carrying gases and ratio between sewage sludge and willow for engineered (smart) biochar production | |
| Wang et al. | First “charosphere” view towards the transport and transformation of Cd with addition of manure derived biochar | |
| Jing et al. | Interactions between biochar and clay minerals in changing biochar carbon stability | |
| JP6676821B2 (en) | Method of producing binder-based activated carbon with no binder | |
| CN105924220B (en) | Chemical engineering sludge incineration residue adds the technique that compound stabilizer prepares filler | |
| Rubio et al. | Effect of binder addition on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of low rank coal char briquettes | |
| CN108746187B (en) | Harmless and resource recovery method for chromium-polluted soil | |
| TW201242656A (en) | Compositions and methods to sequester flue gas mercury in concrete | |
| CN106622124A (en) | High-adsorbability activated semi-coke as well as preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN109575928A (en) | A kind of soil-repairing agent and its preparation method and application | |
| CN106669601A (en) | High-absorbability activated semi-coke and preparation method and application thereof | |
| Cui et al. | Sludge based micro-electrolysis filler for removing tetracycline from solution | |
| CN100422078C (en) | Method for producing active carbon and active carbon | |
| JP2005263547A (en) | Composite activated carbonized material and method for manufacturing the same | |
| KR100797141B1 (en) | Process for preparing spherical activated carbon granule | |
| JP2006007186A (en) | Scavenger for heavy metals and separation/removal method for heavy metals | |
| JP2009057239A (en) | Activated carbon preparation method | |
| JP2003146774A (en) | Porous ceramic body and method of manufacturing the same | |
| Boudou et al. | Effects of FeCl3 (intercalated or not in graphite) on the pyrolysis of coal or coal tar pitch | |
| JP2017193742A (en) | Manufacturing method of carbon interior ore | |
| CN113088307A (en) | Urea-formaldehyde resin and biomass co-pyrolysis process device system and method | |
| CN111533126A (en) | Preparation method of high-compressive-strength high-porosity formed sludge activated carbon | |
| Kamaruddin et al. | Synthesis of Composite Adsorbent from Calcium Carbonate and Cocos Nucifera Carbon Powder Crosslinked with Biopolymer Matrix | |
| CN1326769C (en) | Manufacture of carbide and formed activated charcoal and carbide and formed activated charcoal | |
| JP4006931B2 (en) | Processing method of used activated carbon |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20081001 Termination date: 20210915 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |