CN100417439C - Method for preparing TiO2/SiO2 aerogel microsphere - Google Patents

Method for preparing TiO2/SiO2 aerogel microsphere Download PDF

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CN100417439C
CN100417439C CNB2006100272779A CN200610027277A CN100417439C CN 100417439 C CN100417439 C CN 100417439C CN B2006100272779 A CNB2006100272779 A CN B2006100272779A CN 200610027277 A CN200610027277 A CN 200610027277A CN 100417439 C CN100417439 C CN 100417439C
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CN1868581A (en
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甘礼华
刘明贤
庞颖聪
陈龙武
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Tongji University
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for preparing TiO2 /SiO2 aerogel microspheres. Firstly, TiSO4 is dissolved in deionized water, aqueous ammonia is added to cause pH to be equal to seven to eight, and sediment is obtained; the sediment is washed, nitric acid is added according to the molar ratio that TiO2 to HNO3 equals to 2: 1, and TiO2 collosol is obtained through stir for eight to fifteen hours at 60 to 80 DEG C. Silicasol and nitric acid are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 0.5 to 2.0, and SiO2 alcosol is obtained after the silicasol and the nitric acid are evenly mixed; finally, after the TiO2 collosol and the SiO2 alcosol are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 3 to 8, formamide and propylene oxide are added, and after the TiO2 collosol, the SiO2 alcosol, the formamide and the propylene are evenly mixed, and TiO2 /SiO2 composite collosol is obtained; secondly, normal heptane or normal hexane, Span 80, Tween 85 and normal butyl alcohol or normal hexyl alcohol are evenly mixed according to the volume ratio of 1000: 1 to 10: 0.1 to 1: 25 to 100 to obtain oil phases, the TiO2 /SiO2 composite collosol is added to the oil phases, the aqueous ammonia is added to cause pH to be from seven to ten to obtain TiO2 /SiO2 gelatin microspheres in a centrifugal way, and finally, the TiO2 /SiO2 gelatin microspheres are washed and dried at the temperature of 50 to 80 DEG C for 12 to 36 hours to obtain the TiO2 /SiO2 aerogel microspheres with the size of 10 to 200 micrometers. The present invention has the advantages of simple technology, easy control, low cost, recoverable oil phase and good product quality.

Description

A kind of TiO 2/ SiO 2The preparation method of aerogel microball
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation TiO 2/ SiO 2The new method of aerogel microball.Prepare TiO with method of the present invention 2/ SiO 2Aerogel microball has the easy easy control of technology, advantage with low cost.
Background technology
TiO 2Aeroge is owing to have higher specific surface area, and adsorptivity is strong, and photocatalytic activity compares TiO 2Film and powder are higher and cause insider's concern.TiO 2/ SiO 2Aeroge during as photochemical catalyst owing to introduced SiO 2Colloidal particle all is significantly improved aspects such as its specific area, transparency, heat endurance and frame strength, so the activity that shows when its cyanide in the photocatalysis treatment liquid phase, pyridine, phenolic comp ' ds pollution obviously is better than general T iO 2Aeroge.Yet present prepared TiO 2/ SiO 2Aeroge mostly is irregular blocks of solid material, as " a kind of TiO 2/ SiO 2The preparation method of aeroge " (the Chinese invention patent application number: 200310109507.2, publication number: CN1546226), this makes TiO 2/ SiO 2Aeroge exists shortcomings such as filling inhomogeneous, difficult recovery in actual applications, thereby has restricted its service efficiency and range of application thereof.With TiO 2/ SiO 2Aeroge is made profile rule and the controlled microballoon of particle diameter, will greatly expand the range of application of this nano-porous materials in fields such as heat insulation, chromatographic isolation and catalysis." a kind of TiO 2/ SiO 2Gas gel small ball and preparation method thereof " (the Chinese invention patent application number: 200310109498.7, publication number: CN1546225) prepared millimetre-sized TiO 2/ SiO 2Gas gel small ball.Pang Yingcong, the TiO of report such as Gan Lihua 2/ SiO 2The preparation (' TiO of aerogel microball 2/ SiO 2The preparation of aerogel microball and sign thereof ', Acta PhySico-Chimica Sinica, 2005,21 (12): 1363-1367), this TiO 2/ SiO 2The preparation of aerogel microball is owing to need to exchange 48h with alcohol solvent in dry run, series of process such as the alcohol solution dipping 48h of ethyl orthosilicate, so its preparation technology operates more complicated, and the production cycle is long, and cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disclose that a kind of technology is simple, with low cost, the controlled and uniform TiO of good, the apparent particle diameter of photocatalysis effect 2/ SiO 2The preparation method of aerogel microball.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is with the industrial sulphuric acid oxygen titanium (TiOSO of cheapness 4) and Ludox be raw material, adopt the emulsion reaction method, prepare TiO by sol-gel process in the W/O emulsion and constant pressure and dry method 2/ SiO 2Aerogel microball.
Concrete preparation method carries out as follows:
The first step, TiO 2/ SiO 2The preparation of complex sol
A.TiO 2The preparation of colloidal sol
Earlier with TiOSO 4Be dissolved in the deionized water, prepare 0.2 molL -1TiOSO 4Solution, dropping ammonia under agitation is 7～8 up to the pH value of solution value then.At this moment, TiOSO 4Elder generation's hydrolysis forms metatitanic acid, and further reaction generates TiO again 2Precipitation.Fully wash gained TiO with deionized water again 2Precipitation does not have SO in cleaning solution 4 2-Till ion detects.Last TiO after washing 2Add deionized water in the precipitation and disperse, add titanium hydrogen mol ratio then and be 2: 1 salpeter solution, make TiO in the colloidal sol 2Content be about 1molL -1Stirred 8～15 hours down at 60～80 ℃, promptly obtain TiO 2Colloidal sol.
B.SiO 2The preparation of alcosol
Ludox and nitric acid are according to V (Ludox, 25wt%): the volume ratio of V (nitric acid)=1: 0.5～2.0 is measured, the concentration of nitric acid is 1～10wt% (quality percentage composition), salpeter solution is joined in the Ludox, adding and Ludox volume ratio are 1～5 industry anhydrous ethanol under stirring condition, make SiO 2Alcosol.
C.TiO 2/ SiO 2The preparation of complex sol
With above-mentioned TiO 2Colloidal sol and SiO 2Alcosol is pressed n (TiO 2): n (SiO 2)=1: 3～8 mixed in molar ratio are even.Add formamide and expoxy propane then as the Chemical Control dry additive, wherein the consumption of formamide is TiO 2And SiO 210%～40% of total amount of substance, the consumption of expoxy propane is TiO 2And SiO 2Always 1～3 times of amount of substance.Strong agitation promptly gets homodisperse TiO 2/ SiO 2Complex sol.
Second step, TiO 2/ SiO 2The preparation of aerogel microball
A. the preparation of oil phase
Normal heptane or n-hexane are solvent, class of department 80, and polysorbate85 is as emulsifying agent, and n-butanol or n-hexyl alcohol are emulsion adjuvant.According to normal heptane or n-hexane: class of department 80: polysorbate85: n-butanol or n-hexyl alcohol=1000: 1～10: 0.1～1: 25～100 volume ratios are measured, and obtain oil phase after stirring.
B. micron order TiO 2/ SiO 2The preparation of aerogel microball
The TiO that under stirring condition, the first step is made 2/ SiO 2Complex sol (water) joins in the oil phase, makes emulsion, and mixing speed is 600～1800rmin -1Continue then to stir, add ammoniacal liquor the pH value of whole emulsion is increased in 7～10 scopes, continue to stir 10min, centrifugation obtains TiO 2/ SiO 2Gel micro-ball.With the acetone washing, in 50～80 ℃ of down dry 12～36h, promptly obtain TiO of the present invention at last 2/ SiO 2Aerogel microball, gained TiO 2/ SiO 2The apparent diameter of aerogel microball can be controlled between 10～200 microns.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1. because the present invention selects commercially available industry silicasol and TiOSO for use 4Be raw material, raw material sources are extensive, prepare wet gel with use butyl titanate, ethyl orthosilicate or methyl silicate and compare, and price is more cheap, and product cost obviously reduces.
2. the present invention adopts the emulsion spherical container shaping method, in the emulsion system that surfactant, cosurfactant, water and oil are formed, water is surrounded and is dispersed in the oil phase by the monolayer interface of surfactant and cosurfactant composition, forms " micro reaction pool ".The size of " micro reaction pool " can be controlled by the formation condition that changes emulsion, thereby reaches TiO 2/ SiO 2The control of the apparent particle diameter of aerogel microball.The TiO of this method preparation 2/ SiO 2The average apparent particle diameter of aerogel microball is between 10～200 microns.
3. the present invention uses surfactant department class 80 and two kinds of non-ionic surface active agents of polysorbate85 in emulsion, and they can desorption and decomposition when high-temperature calcination, can obtain pure TiO like this 2/ SiO 2The aerogel microball product.
4. prepare with emulsion method that employed oil phase can recycle and reuse in the wet gel process, this has further reduced the cost of preparation.
5. the present invention is at preparation TiO 2/ SiO 2Add an amount of expoxy propane and formamide in the aerogel microball process as the Chemical Control dry additive, realized the omnidistance normal pressure preparation of aerogel microball.This method need not supercritical drying, also need not exchange by ethanol, the immersion of the ethanolic solution of ethyl orthosilicate and technology such as aging, and preparation condition is simplified greatly, and preparation efficiency significantly improves.
6. the TiO that makes of the inventive method 2/ SiO 2Aerogel microball best in quality the analysis showed that TiO after tested 2/ SiO 2The density of aerogel microball is at 0.1～0.6kgcm -3, specific area is at 300m 2G -1More than.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Take by weighing the TiOSO of 16 grams 98% 4Join in the 500mL deionized water, stirring is dissolved it fully.Under agitation, dripping the ammoniacal liquor of 7% (mass fraction), is 7～8 up to the pH value of solution value.At this moment, the hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate elder generation forms metatitanic acid, and further reaction generates TiO again 2Precipitation.Fully wash the gained sediment with deionized water, in cleaning solution, do not have SO 4 2-Till ion detects.The deionized water that adds 70mL in the sediment after washing disperses, and adding 31mL concentration then is 1.6molL -1Nitric acid, stir down at 60 ℃ and can obtain TiO in 15 hours 2Colloidal sol.
Get 25% (mass fraction) Ludox and add 5% (mass fraction) nitric acid, under stirring condition, add industry anhydrous ethanol, make SiO 2Alcosol, wherein Ludox, ethanol, 5% salpeter solution are that the ratio of V (Ludox): V (ethanol): V (5% nitric acid)=1.0: 1.0: 0.5 is measured according to volume ratio.
With above-mentioned TiO 2Colloidal sol and SiO 2Alcosol is n (TiO in molar ratio 2): n (SiO 2The ratio of)=1: 5 mixes, and adds an amount of formamide and expoxy propane, and wherein the consumption of formamide is TiO 2And SiO 225% of total amount of substance, expoxy propane and TiO 2And SiO 2Total amount of substance is identical, and strong agitation promptly gets the TiO that uniform particles is disperseed 2/ SiO 2Mixed sols.
At room temperature, normal heptane is a solvent, and n-butanol is an emulsion adjuvant, and V (n-butanol): V (normal heptane)=0.05: 1 stirs class of adding emulsifying agent department 80 down, polysorbate85, emulsifier concentration 0.7gL -1, w (class of department 80): w (polysorbate85)=10: 1 obtains oil phase after evenly mixing.
Under agitation the mixed sols that said method is made joins and makes emulsion in the oil phase, and V (water): V (oil phase)=0.2 stirs 30min, mixing speed 1000rmin -1, add concentrated ammonia liquor, the pH value of whole emulsion is increased in 7～10 scopes.Continue to stir 10min, centrifugation obtains TiO 2/ SiO 2Gel micro-ball.The gained composite gel microsphere is dry 24h under 70 ℃, promptly obtains TiO 2/ SiO 2Aerogel microball.About 50 microns of the average grain diameters of this microballoon.
Embodiment 2
Take by weighing the TiOSO of 16 grams 98% 4Join in the 500mL deionized water, stirring is dissolved it fully.Under agitation dripping the ammoniacal liquor of 7% (mass fraction), is 7～8 up to the pH value of solution value.At this moment, the hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate elder generation forms metatitanic acid, and further reaction generates TiO again 2Precipitation.Fully wash the gained sediment with deionized water, in cleaning solution, do not have SO 4 2-Till ion detects.The deionized water that adds 70mL in the sediment after washing disperses, and adding 31mL concentration then is 1.6molL -1Nitric acid, stir down at 75 ℃ and can obtain TiO in 10 hours 2Colloidal sol.
Get 25% (mass fraction) Ludox and add 5% (mass fraction) nitric acid, under stirring condition, add industry anhydrous ethanol and make SiO 2Alcosol, wherein Ludox, ethanol, 5% aqueous solution of nitric acid are that the ratio of V (Ludox): V (ethanol): V (5% nitric acid)=1.0: 3.0: 1.2 is measured according to volume ratio.
With above-mentioned TiO 2Colloidal sol and SiO 2Alcosol is pressed amount of substance than being n (TiO 2): n (SiO 2)=1: 3 mixes, and adds formamide and expoxy propane, and strong agitation promptly gets the TiO that uniform particles is disperseed 2/ SiO 2Mixed sols.Wherein the consumption of formamide is TiO 2And SiO 210% of total amount of substance, the consumption of expoxy propane is TiO 2And SiO 2Always 2 times of amount of substance.
At room temperature, normal heptane is a solvent, and n-butanol is an emulsion adjuvant, and V (n-butanol): V (normal heptane)=0.025: 1 stirs class of adding emulsifying agent department 80 down, polysorbate85, emulsifier concentration 0.5gL -1, w (class of department 80): w (polysorbate85)=10: 1 obtains oil phase after evenly mixing.
Under agitation the mixed sols that said method is made joins and makes emulsion in the oil phase, and V (water): V (oil phase)=0.2 stirs 30min, mixing speed 750rmin -1, add concentrated ammonia liquor, the pH value of whole emulsion is increased in 7～10 scopes.Continue to stir 10min, centrifugation obtains TiO 2/ SiO 2Gel micro-ball.The gained composite gel microsphere is dry 36h under 50 ℃, promptly obtains TiO 2/ SiO 2Aerogel microball.About 110 microns of the average grain diameters of this microballoon.
Embodiment 3:
Take by weighing the TiOSO of 16 grams 98% 4Join in the 500mL deionized water, stirring is dissolved it fully.Stirring the ammoniacal liquor that drips 7% (mass fraction) down, is 7～8 up to the pH value of solution value.At this moment, the hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate elder generation forms metatitanic acid, and further reaction generates TiO again 2Precipitation.Fully wash the gained sediment with deionized water, in cleaning solution, do not have SO 4 2-Till ion detects.The deionized water that adds 70mL in the sediment after washing disperses, and adding 31mL concentration then is 1.6molL -1Salpeter solution, stir down at 80 ℃ and can obtain TiO in 8 hours 2Colloidal sol.
Get 25% (mass fraction) Ludox and add 5% (mass fraction) nitric acid, under stirring condition, add absolute ethyl alcohol and make SiO 2Alcosol, wherein Ludox, ethanol, 5% aqueous solution of nitric acid are that the ratio of V (Ludox): V (ethanol): V (5% nitric acid)=1.0: 5.0: 2.0 is measured according to volume ratio.
With above-mentioned TiO 2Colloidal sol and SiO 2Alcosol is pressed amount of substance than being n (TiO 2): n (SiO 2The ratio of)=1: 8 mixes, and adds an amount of formamide and expoxy propane, and strong agitation promptly gets the TiO that uniform particles is disperseed 2/ SiO 2Mixed sols.Wherein the consumption of formamide is TiO 2And SiO 240% of total amount of substance, the consumption of expoxy propane is TiO 2And SiO 2Always 3 times of amount of substance.
At room temperature, normal heptane is a solvent, and V (n-butanol): V (normal heptane)=0.1: 1 stirs class of adding emulsifying agent department 80 down, polysorbate85, emulsifier concentration 0.9gL -1, w (class of department 80): w (polysorbate85)=5: 1, n-butanol are emulsion adjuvant, obtain oil phase after evenly mixing.
Under agitation the mixed sols that said method is made joins and makes emulsion in the oil phase, and V (water): V (oil phase)=0.2 stirs 30min, mixing speed 600rmin -1, add concentrated ammonia liquor, the pH value of whole emulsion is increased in 7～10 scopes.Continue to stir 10min, centrifugation obtains TiO 2/ SiO 2Gel micro-ball.The gained composite gel microsphere is dry 12h under 80 ℃, promptly obtains TiO 2/ SiO 2Aerogel microball.About 200 microns of the average grain diameters of this microballoon.
Embodiment 4, and concentration of nitric acid is 1%, and Ludox, ethanol, 1% aqueous solution of nitric acid are that the ratio of V (Ludox): V (ethanol): V (1% nitric acid)=1.0: 3.0: 2.0 is measured according to volume ratio, and all the other are identical with embodiment 1, obtain TiO of the present invention 2/ SiO 2Aerogel microball.About 50 microns of the average grain diameters of this microballoon.
Embodiment 5, and concentration of nitric acid is 10%, and Ludox, ethanol, 10% aqueous solution of nitric acid are that the ratio of V (Ludox): V (ethanol): V (10% nitric acid)=1.0: 5.0: 0.5 is measured according to volume ratio, and all the other are identical with embodiment 1, obtain TiO of the present invention 2/ SiO 2Aerogel microball.About 50 microns of the average grain diameters of this microballoon.
Embodiment 6, V (water): V (oil phase)=0.1, and all the other are identical with embodiment 1, obtain TiO of the present invention 2/ SiO 2Aerogel microball.About 20 microns of the average grain diameters of this microballoon.
Embodiment 7, V (water): V (oil phase)=0.3, and all the other are identical with embodiment 1, obtain TiO of the present invention 2/ SiO 2Aerogel microball.About 100 microns of the average grain diameters of this microballoon.
Embodiment 8, and mixing speed is 1800rmin -1, all the other are identical with embodiment 1, obtain TiO of the present invention 2/ SiO 2Aerogel microball.About 10 microns of this microsphere average grain diameters.
Embodiment 9, and polysorbate85 is 5: 1 with the mass ratio of class of department, and all the other are identical with embodiment 1, obtain TiO of the present invention 2/ SiO 2Aerogel microball.About 60 microns of the average grain diameters of this microballoon.
Embodiment 10, and the mass ratio of polysorbate85 and class of department was at 5: 2, and all the other are identical with embodiment 1, obtain TiO of the present invention 2/ SiO 2Aerogel microball.About 80 microns of the average grain diameters of this microballoon.

Claims (1)

1. TiO 2/ SiO 2The preparation method of aerogel microball is characterized in that:
The first step, TiO 2/ SiO 2The preparation of complex sol
A.TiO 2The preparation of colloidal sol
Earlier with commercially available technical grade TiOSO 4Be dissolved in the deionized water preparation 0.2molL -1TiOSO 4Solution, dropping ammonia under agitation is 7～8 up to the pH value of solution value then; At this moment, TiOSO 4The hydrolysis of solution elder generation forms metatitanic acid, and further reaction generates TiO again 2Precipitation; Fully wash gained TiO with deionized water again 2Precipitation does not have SO in cleaning solution 4 2-Till ion detects; Add deionized water in the last sediment after washing and disperse, press TiO then 2: HNO 3The ratio of=2: 1 mol ratio adds salpeter solution, makes TiO in the colloidal sol 2Content be 1molL -1, under 60～80 ℃, stir and to obtain TiO in 8～15 hours 2Colloidal sol;
B.SiO 2The preparation of alcosol
Earlier according to Ludox: nitric acid=1: 0.5～2.0 volume ratios are measured, and wherein Ludox is commercially available technical grade, and content is 25wt%, and the concentration of nitric acid is 1～10% quality percentage composition; Then nitric acid is joined in the Ludox, under agitation adding and Ludox volume ratio are 1～5 industry anhydrous ethanol, make SiO 2Alcosol;
C.TiO 2/ SiO 2The preparation of mixed sols
With above-mentioned TiO 2Colloidal sol and SiO 2Alcosol is pressed TiO 2: SiO 2=1: 3～8 mol ratios are measured, and mix; Add formamide and expoxy propane then as the Chemical Control dry additive, wherein the consumption of formamide is TiO 2And SiO 210%～40% of total amount of substance, the consumption of expoxy propane is TiO 2And SiO 2Always 1～3 times of amount of substance, strong agitation promptly gets homodisperse TiO 2/ SiO 2Complex sol;
Second step, TiO 2/ SiO 2The preparation of aerogel microball
A. the preparation of oil phase
According to normal heptane or n-hexane: class of department 80: polysorbate85: n-butanol or n-hexyl alcohol=1000: 1～10: 0.1～1: 25～100 volume ratios are measured, and obtain oil phase after stirring;
B. micron order TiO 2/ SiO 2The preparation of aerogel microball
The TiO that the first step is made 2/ SiO 2Complex sol joins in the above-mentioned oil phase, stirs, and makes emulsion, and mixing speed is 600～1800rmin -1, add ammoniacal liquor the pH value of whole emulsion is increased in 7～10 scopes, continue to stir 10min, centrifugation obtains TiO 2/ SiO 2Gel micro-ball; With the acetone washing, at last with TiO 2/ SiO 2Gel micro-ball promptly obtains TiO in 50～80 ℃ of down dry 12～36h 2/ SiO 2Aerogel microball is through detecting gained TiO 2/ SiO 2The diameter of aerogel microball is between 10～200 microns.
CNB2006100272779A 2006-06-05 2006-06-05 Method for preparing TiO2/SiO2 aerogel microsphere Expired - Fee Related CN100417439C (en)

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CN101891206B (en) * 2010-07-21 2011-12-28 陕西科技大学 Preparation method of SiO2/TiO2 composite microspheres
CN102974282A (en) * 2012-12-03 2013-03-20 浙江大学 Preparation method of oxide sol
CN103406114A (en) * 2013-07-11 2013-11-27 浙江大学 Preparation method and application of adsorbent for high-level wastewater treatment
CN104549194B (en) * 2015-02-03 2016-06-22 泉州三欣新材料科技有限公司 A kind of TiO2-SiO2The preparation method of composite Nano porous microsphere
CN105347351B (en) * 2015-12-04 2018-01-12 武汉理工大学 A kind of emulsion method prepares TiO2/SiO2The method of aerogel microball
CN105295506B (en) * 2015-12-04 2018-06-26 武汉理工大学 A kind of improvement St*ber methods prepare TiO2/SiO2The method of aerogel microball
CN106215917B (en) * 2016-07-18 2019-04-12 长春工业大学 A kind of TiO2/SiO2The preparation method and applications of aerogel microball
CN107502875B (en) * 2017-07-19 2019-07-23 东南大学 A kind of non-homogeneous super-hydrophobic coat and preparation method thereof with reinforcing dropwise condensation effect

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