CN100416191C - 安静的制冰设备 - Google Patents

安静的制冰设备 Download PDF

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CN100416191C
CN100416191C CNB018135293A CN01813529A CN100416191C CN 100416191 C CN100416191 C CN 100416191C CN B018135293 A CNB018135293 A CN B018135293A CN 01813529 A CN01813529 A CN 01813529A CN 100416191 C CN100416191 C CN 100416191C
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cold
producing medium
evaporimeter
compressor
condenser
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CN1457419A (zh
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D·L·齐奥洛斯基
G·J·斯滕斯鲁德
M·W·阿利森
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Scotsman Group LLC
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Scotsman Ice Systems LLC
Mile High Equipment LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/22—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves between evaporator and compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C1/00—Producing ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C5/00—Working or handling ice
    • F25C5/02—Apparatus for disintegrating, removing or harvesting ice
    • F25C5/04—Apparatus for disintegrating, removing or harvesting ice without the use of saws
    • F25C5/08—Apparatus for disintegrating, removing or harvesting ice without the use of saws by heating bodies in contact with the ice
    • F25C5/10—Apparatus for disintegrating, removing or harvesting ice without the use of saws by heating bodies in contact with the ice using hot refrigerant; using fluid heated by refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0403—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/05—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/05—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system
    • F25B2400/051—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system between the accumulator and another part of the cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/16—Receivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/21—Modules for refrigeration systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/12—Sound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/32—Weight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/17—Control issues by controlling the pressure of the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Production, Working, Storing, Or Distribution Of Ice (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及安静的制冰设备。该制冰设备包括：一个蒸发器、一个压缩机和一个冷凝器，它们在回路中与供给管路和回流管路相连，以便在冷冻循环期间，制冷剂沿所述供给管路通过所述压缩机和所述冷凝器供给所述蒸发器并通过所述回流管路返回到所述压缩机；和一个在回路中与所述回流管路连接的压力调节器，其中：所述压力调节器在收获循环期间使所述制冷剂通过所述回流管路的流量相对于在所述冷冻循环期间的流量减小，由此所述蒸发器中所述制冷剂的压力和温度增加，从而有助于给所述蒸发器除霜以收获冰。

Description

安静的制冰设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种冰块制造机，该机器在分配冰的位置处是安静的。
背景技术
冰块制造机通常包括一个蒸发器、一个供水系统和一个制冷剂/热气体回路，所述回路包括一个冷凝器和一个压缩机。蒸发器与供水系统以及包括冷凝器和压缩机的回路连接。一些阀和其它控制装置控制蒸发器，使它在冷冻模式和收获模式中循环操作。在冷冻模式期间，供水系统给蒸发器提供水，而且所述回路给蒸发器提供制冷剂以冷却水并形成冰块。在收获模式期间，所述回路将制冷剂转化为供给蒸发器的热气体，从而加热蒸发器并且使冰块变松并从蒸发器落入冰柜或冰斗中。
当安装在一个需要小的占地区的场所如饭店中时，制冰机已经被分成两个单独的单元或装置。一个单元包括蒸发器和冰柜，而且该单元设置在饭店内。另一个单元包括压缩机和冷凝器，它们是有相当的噪声的。该单元远离蒸发器设置，例如设置在饭店外部的屋顶上。蒸发器单元比较安静，这是由于冷凝器和压缩机设置得较远。
这种两个单元的冰块制造机有一些缺点。由于致冷回路布线的限制，两个单元之间的最大高度差有一定的限制，约为35英尺左右。而且，压缩机/冷凝器单元的重量超过250磅，并且需要用起重机来安装。另外，维修时需要技师在户外条件下检查和修理压缩机/冷凝器单元，这是因为所述单元通常位于建筑物的屋顶上。由于恶劣的天气，非常需要在室内操作压缩机，因为只有冷凝器需要和大气通风。
在收获模式期间，给冷凝器设旁路，以使制冷剂以气相被从压缩机供给蒸发器。当压缩机设置得和蒸发器有一定的距离时，当所述制冷剂通过该距离时，它趋向于部分地变为液相，从而影响加热蒸发器或给蒸发器除霜的效率。现有技术的一种解决办法是使用加热器加热蒸气供给管路。现有技术的另一种解决办法是将一个储液器(Receiver)和蒸发器设置在同一单元中，并使用储液器的蒸气损耗量(ullage)来将蒸气供给蒸发器。这些解决方法都增加了单元的尺寸，并因此增加了商业设施中的占地区。
因此，需要一种安静的冰块制造机，其在蒸发器和冷凝器之间具有较大的高度差，并具有较轻的重量，安装时不需要起重机。
还需要一种在收获模式期间给蒸发器提供蒸气的有效方法。
发明内容
本发明的冰块制造机通过一种三单元系统满足了上面的第一个需要。冷凝器、压缩机和蒸发器设置在单独的单元中，从而减轻了各单元的重量并在安装过程中不需要起重机。压缩机单元可以设置在蒸发器单元上方直至35英尺高处。例如，蒸发器单元可以设置在分配冰块的饭店房间中，压缩机单元可以设置在建筑物另一层上的单独房间中，例如杂物间中。这容许在室内进行维修，而不是现有的两单元系统所需要的户外维修。冷凝器单元可以设置在压缩机单元上方直至35英尺高处。例如，冷凝器单元可以设置在多层建筑物的屋顶上。
蒸发器单元具有一个支撑蒸发器的支撑构件。压缩机单元具有一个支撑压缩机的支撑构件。冷凝器单元具有一个支撑冷凝器的支撑构件。
本发明通过增加蒸发器中制冷剂的压力和温度满足了在收获期间给蒸发器提供蒸气的需要。这是通过将回路中的一个压力调节器与蒸发器和压缩机之间的回流管路相连而实现的。压力调节器限制了流量，这增加了蒸发器中制冷剂的压力和温度。为了实现蒸发器单元的小占地面积，可以将压力调节器设置在压缩机单元中。
本发明提供了一种制冰机，包括：一个蒸发器、一个压缩机和一个冷凝器，它们在回路中与供给管路和回流管路相连，以便在冷冻循环期间，制冷剂沿所述供给管路通过所述压缩机和所述冷凝器供给所述蒸发器并通过所述回流管路返回到所述压缩机；和一个在回路中与所述回流管路连接的压力调节器，其中：所述压力调节器在收获循环期间使所述制冷剂通过所述回流管路的流量相对于在所述冷冻循环期间的流量减小，由此所述蒸发器中所述制冷剂的压力和温度增加，从而有助于给所述蒸发器除霜以收获冰。
本发明还提供了一种制冰机，包括：一个蒸发器、一个压缩机和一个冷凝器，它们在回路中与供给管路和回流管路相连，以便在冷冻循环期间，制冷剂沿所述供给管路通过所述压缩机和所述冷凝器供给所述蒸发器并通过所述回流管路返回到所述压缩机；一个在回路中与所述回流管路连接的压力调节器，其中：所述压力调节器在收获循环期间使所述制冷剂通过所述回流管路的流量相对于在所述冷冻循环期间的流量减小，由此所述蒸发器中所述制冷剂的压力和温度增加，从而有助于给所述蒸发器除霜以收获冰；和一个在回路中与所述压缩机、所述冷凝器和所述蒸发器连接的储液器，其中所述储液器可以在所述冷冻循环期间操作以通过所述供给管路将制冷剂导向所述蒸发器，并且其中所述储液器或者可以在所述收获循环期间操作以通过一个从旁路通过所述冷凝器的蒸气管路将所述制冷剂导向所述蒸发器，或者在所述收获循环中不进行作用以使所述制冷剂从旁路通过所述储液器和所述冷凝器，由此在所述收获循环期间所述制冷剂从所述压缩机流向所述蒸发器。
本发明还提供了一种制冰机，包括：一个蒸发器、一个压缩机和一个冷凝器，它们在回路中与供给管路和回流管路相连，以便在冷冻循环期间，制冷剂沿所述供给管路通过所述压缩机和所述冷凝器供给所述蒸发器并通过所述回流管路返回到所述压缩机；一个在回路中与所述回流管路连接的压力调节器，其中：所述压力调节器在收获循环期间限制所述制冷剂通过所述回流管路的流量，由此所述蒸发器中所述制冷剂的压力和温度增加，从而有助于给所述蒸发器除霜以收获冰；和一蒸气管路，一与所述蒸气管路连接的第一管道，一与所述蒸气管路和阀系装置连接的第二管道，其中在所述收获循环期间通过从旁路通过所述冷凝器将所述制冷剂从所述压缩机导向所述蒸发器，其中所述阀系装置包括一个与所述第一管道流体连通的旁通阀和一个与所述第二管道流体连通的输送压力阀，其中所述第一管道和所述第二管道是平行的，并且其中所述制冷剂通过所述第一管道和所述第二管道之一或两者从所述压缩机流向所述蒸气管路。
附图说明
通过下面参照附图的详细描述可以理解本发明的优点和特征，其中类似的参考标号表示类似的元件，其中：
图1是本发明安静的冰块制造机的局部透视图和局部方框图；
图2是本发明安静的冰块制造机的另一实施例的局部透视图和局部方框图；
图3是可用于图1的安静的冰块制造机的一种制冷剂/热气体回路的线路图；
图4是可用于图1的安静的冰块制造机的另一种制冷剂/热气体回路的线路图；
图5是可用于图2的安静的冰块制造机的一种制冷剂/热气体回路的线路图；
图6是可用于图2的安静的冰块制造机的另一种制冷剂/热气体回路的线路图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，本发明的冰块制造机20包括一个蒸发器单元30、一个压缩机单元50、一个冷凝器单元70和一个互连结构80。蒸发器单元30包括一个支撑构件32，该构件具有一个向上延伸的元件34。蒸发器36由支撑构件32和向上延伸的元件34支撑。将一个冰柜或冰斗38设置在蒸发器36下方，用以在收获模式期间接收冰块。
压缩机单元50包括一个支撑构件52，其上设置一个压缩机54、一个蓄积器(accumulator)56和一个接收器/储液器(receiver)40。冷凝器单元70包括一个支撑构件72，其上设置一个冷凝器74和一个风扇76。本领域的技术人员将知道，支撑构件32、52和72彼此隔开，而且可以根据特定的设计要求采用不同的形式和形状。本领域的技术人员还会知道，蒸发器单元30、压缩机单元50和冷凝器单元70可合适地包括各种阀和冰块制造机的其它元件。
互连结构80在用于制冷剂和热气体循环的回路中连接蒸发器36、压缩机54和冷凝器74。互连结构80可合适地包括管路或管道和适当的连接接合处。
参照图2，除了储液器40设置在蒸发器单元30而不是压缩机单元50中的支撑构件32上之外，制冰机25在所有方面都和前述制冰机相同。
附图3中示出了一个回路82，它可被用于附图1的冰块制造机中。该回路82包括互连结构80，其将压缩机单元50中的元件连接到蒸发器单元30中的元件和冷凝器单元70中的元件上。在蒸发器单元30中，蒸发器36在回路82中与除霜阀42、膨胀阀44、液体管路电磁阀45、干燥器46和隔离阀48相连。在压缩机单元50中，储液器40、压缩机54和蓄积器56在回路82中与过滤器51、旁通阀53、单向阀55和一个输出压力调节器57相连。在冷凝器单元70中，冷凝器74在回路82中与一个输送压力控制阀58相连。或者可以将输送压力控制阀58设置在压缩机单元50中。本领域的技术人员会知道，蒸发器单元30、压缩机单元50和冷凝器单元70可以包括用于操作冰块制造机20的其它阀和控制机构。一个热交换器回路87和蓄积器中的液态制冷剂具有一定的热交换关系，以便优化其在冷冻循环期间的使用。
参照图4，一个回路182可以和图1的冰块制造机20一起使用。回路182包括互连结构80，它将压缩机单元50中的元件连接到蒸发器单元30中的元件和冷凝器单元70中的元件上。在蒸发器单元30中，蒸发器36在回路182中与除霜或冷蒸气阀142和膨胀阀144相连。在压缩机单元50中，储液器40、压缩机54和蓄积器56在回路182中与过滤器151、旁通电磁阀153和输出压力(head master)调节器157相连。在冷凝器单元70中，冷凝器74在回路182中与排出压力或输送压力控制阀158相连。热交换器回路187和蓄积器56中的输出管具有一定的热交换关系，用以优化冷冻循环期间蓄积器中液态制冷剂的使用。
本领域的技术人员会知道，蒸发器单元30、压缩机单元50和冷凝器单元70可以包括用于操作冰块制造机20的其它阀和控制机构。例如，制冰机20包括一个控制其操作的控制器193，包括在收获循环中致动旁通电磁阀153。或者，压力开关192在收获模式期间可以致动旁通电磁阀153。
根据本发明的一个特征，输出压力调节器157用以在冰收获期间升高蒸发器36中制冷剂的压力和温度。
在冷冻循环期间，关闭冷蒸气阀142和旁通电磁阀153，打开膨胀阀144。制冷剂从压缩机54的输出端184流过管路185、冷凝器74、输送压力控制阀158、管路186、储液器40。制冷剂继续流动通过热交换器回路187、供给管路188、过滤器151、膨胀阀144、蒸发器36、回流管路189、蓄积器56、输出压力调节器157，到达压缩机54的输入端190。输出压力调节器157在冷冻循环中全开，以使制冷剂没有任何流动冲击地通过。
在收获循环期间，打开冷蒸气阀142和旁通电磁阀153，关闭膨胀阀144。气相制冷剂从压缩机54的输出端经过旁通电磁阀153或输送压力阀158中的任一个或两者通过管路186流到储液器40。制冷剂继续流动通过蒸发器管路191、冷蒸气阀142、蒸发器36、回流管路189、蓄积器56、输出压力调节器157，到达压缩机54的输入端190。
输出压力调节器157在收获期间工作，用以减慢流动并降低压缩机54输入端190处的压力。这导致蒸发器36中的较高压力和蒸发器36中蒸气的较高温度。蒸发器36中较高温度的制冷剂促进了收获循环。
输出压力调节器157可以是任何适当的调节器，它能在制冰系统所需的压力下工作。例如输出压力调节器可以是从Alco得到的No.OPR10型。
参照图5，回路282可以和图2的冰块制造机25一起使用。回路282包括互连结构80，它将压缩机单元50中的元件连接到蒸发器单元30中的元件和冷凝器单元70中的元件上。在蒸发器单元30中，蒸发器36和储液器40在回路282中与除霜阀242、膨胀阀244、干燥器246和单向阀248相连。在压缩机单元50中，压缩机54和蓄积器56在回路282中与输送压力控制阀258相连。在冷凝器单元70中，冷凝器74连接在回路282中。或者可以将输送压力控制阀258设置在冷凝器单元70中。本领域的技术人员会知道，蒸发器单元30、压缩机单元50和冷凝器单元70可以包括用于操作冰块制造机20的其它阀和控制机构。
本发明的冰块制造机20和25提供了易于安装的轻重量单元的优点。在多数情况中，不需要起重机。另外，蒸发器单元在工作中比较安静，这是因为压缩机和冷凝器设置得较远。最后，蒸发器单元30和冷凝器单元70之间的距离大大增加，从现有技术的两单元系统的35英尺高度差的限制增加到了70英尺左右。
参照图6，回路382可以和图1的冰块制造机20一起使用。回路382包括互连结构80，它将压缩机单元50中的元件连接到蒸发器单元30中的元件和冷凝器单元70中的元件上。在蒸发器单元30中，蒸发器36在回路382中与除霜或冷蒸气阀342和膨胀阀344相连。在压缩机单元50中，储液器40、压缩机54和蓄积器56在回路382中与过滤器351、旁通电磁阀353、排出压力或输送压力控制阀358和输出压力调节器357相连。热交换器回路387通过蓄积器56，并和蓄积器56中的输出管具有一定的热交换关系，用以优化冷冻循环期间蓄积器中液态制冷剂的使用。
本领域的技术人员会知道，蒸发器单元30、压缩机单元50和冷凝器单元70可以包括用于操作冰块制造机20的其它阀和控制机构。例如，制冰机20包括一个控制其操作的控制器393，包括在收获循环中致动旁通电磁阀353。或者，收获模式期间的压力开关392可以致动旁通电磁阀353。
根据本发明的一个特征，输出压力调节器357用以在冰收获期间升高蒸发器36中制冷剂的压力和温度。
在冷冻循环期间，关闭冷蒸气阀342和旁通电磁阀353，打开膨胀阀344。制冷剂从压缩机54的输出端384流过管路385、冷凝器74、输送压力控制阀358和管路186，到达储液器40。制冷剂继续流动通过热交换器回路387、供给管路388、过滤器351、膨胀阀344、蒸发器36、回流管路389、蓄积器56、输出压力调节器357，到达压缩机54的输入端390。输出压力调节器357在冷冻循环中全开，以便制冷剂没有任何流动冲击地通过。
在收获循环期间，打开冷蒸气阀342和旁通电磁阀353，关闭膨胀阀344。气相制冷剂从压缩机54的输出端经过第一路径或第二路径中的任一个或两者，第一路径包括旁通电磁阀353，第二路径包括输送压力阀158、管路386和储液器40。制冷剂继续流动通过蒸气管路391、冷蒸气阀342、蒸发器36、回流管路389、蓄积器56、输出压力调节器357，到达压缩机54的输入端390。
输出压力调节器357在收获期间工作，用以减慢流动并降低压缩机54输入端390处的压力。这导致蒸发器36中的较高压力和蒸发器36中蒸气的较高温度。蒸发器36中较高温度的制冷剂促进了收获循环。
已经特别参照本发明的优选形式对本发明进行了描述，显然在不偏离所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围的前提下，可以进行各种变化和变型。

Claims (8)

1. 一种制冰机，包括：
一个蒸发器、一个压缩机和一个冷凝器，它们在回路中与供给管路和回流管路相连，以便在冷冻循环期间，制冷剂沿所述供给管路通过所述压缩机和所述冷凝器供给所述蒸发器并通过所述回流管路返回到所述压缩机；和
一个在回路中与所述回流管路连接的压力调节器，其中：所述压力调节器在收获循环期间使所述制冷剂通过所述回流管路的流量相对于在所述冷冻循环期间的流量减小，由此所述蒸发器中所述制冷剂的压力和温度增加，从而有助于给所述蒸发器除霜以收获冰。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的制冰机，其特征在于，在收获循环期间所述压力调节器不停止所述制冷剂在所述回流管路中的流动；并且在所述冷冻循环期间所述压力调节器不阻碍所述制冷剂在所述回流管路中的流动。
3. 一种制冰机，包括：
一个蒸发器、一个压缩机和一个冷凝器，它们在回路中与供给管路和回流管路相连，以便在冷冻循环期间，制冷剂沿所述供给管路通过所述压缩机和所述冷凝器供给所述蒸发器并通过所述回流管路返回到所述压缩机；
一个在回路中与所述回流管路连接的压力调节器，其中：所述压力调节器在收获循环期间使所述制冷剂通过所述回流管路的流量相对于在所述冷冻循环期间的流量减小，由此所述蒸发器中所述制冷剂的压力和温度增加，从而有助于给所述蒸发器除霜以收获冰；和
一个在回路中与所述压缩机、所述冷凝器和所述蒸发器连接的储液器，其中所述储液器可以在所述冷冻循环期间操作以通过所述供给管路将制冷剂导向所述蒸发器，并且其中所述储液器或者可以在所述收获循环期间操作以通过一个从旁路通过所述冷凝器的蒸气管路将所述制冷剂导向所述蒸发器，或者在所述收获循环中不进行作用以使所述制冷剂从旁路通过所述储液器和所述冷凝器，由此在所述收获循环期间所述制冷剂从所述压缩机流向所述蒸发器。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的制冰机，其特征在于，所述冷凝器和所述压缩机远离所述蒸发器设置。
5. 一种制冰机，包括：
一个蒸发器、一个压缩机和一个冷凝器，它们在回路中与供给管路和回流管路相连，以便在冷冻循环期间，制冷剂沿所述供给管路通过所述压缩机和所述冷凝器供给所述蒸发器并通过所述回流管路返回到所述压缩机；
一个在回路中与所述回流管路连接的压力调节器，其中：所述压力调节器在收获循环期间限制所述制冷剂通过所述回流管路的流量，由此所述蒸发器中所述制冷剂的压力和温度增加，从而有助于给所述蒸发器除霜以收获冰；和
一蒸气管路，一与所述蒸气管路连接的第一管道，一与所述蒸气管路和阀系装置连接的第二管道，其中在所述收获循环期间通过从旁路通过所述冷凝器将所述制冷剂从所述压缩机导向所述蒸发器，其中所述阀系装置包括一个与所述第一管道流体连通的旁通阀和一个与所述第二管道流体连通的输送压力阀，其中所述第一管道和所述第二管道是平行的，并且其中所述制冷剂通过所述第一管道和所述第二管道之一或两者从所述压缩机流向所述蒸气管路。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的制冰机，其特征在于，还包括一个储液器，其中，在所述收获循环期间，或者所述旁通阀通过从旁路通过所述储液器使所述制冷剂从所述压缩机导向所述蒸发器，或者所述输送压力阀通过所述储液器使所述制冷剂从所述压缩机导向所述蒸发器。
7. 根据权利要求5所述的制冰机，其特征在于，所述压力调节器在所述收获循环期间使所述制冷剂通过所述回流管路的流量相对于在所述冷冻循环期间的流量减小而不停止所述制冷剂在所述回流管路中的所述流动。
8. 根据权利要求5所述的制冰机，其特征在于，还包括一个在回路中与所述回流管路连接的蓄积器。
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CA2422755A1 (en) 2002-03-21
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US20030126877A1 (en) 2003-07-10
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US7275387B2 (en) 2007-10-02
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US20040069004A1 (en) 2004-04-15
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US20060016206A1 (en) 2006-01-26
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US6637227B2 (en) 2003-10-28

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