US3536131A - Heating and cooling system - Google Patents

Description

United States Patent [72] inventors Tom C. lvers 1750 Greenfield Drive; Joseph W. Baldecchi, 600 Geiger Grade Road, Reno, Nevada 89502 [2]] Appl. No. 638,276 [22] Filed May 15, 1967 [45] Patented Oct. 27, 1970 [54] HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM 7 Claims, 11 Drawing Figs.

[52] US. Cl 165/22, 237/68 [51] lnt.C1 F24t3/l0 [50] Field of Search 165/62,, 63, 22, 50, 56, 57, 58. 54, 26'. 62l498tP), (CP). lnq; 98/3 1; 237/68; 99/288, 289

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,115,706 5/1938 Cornell 165/5OX 2,255,292 9/1941 Lincoln 165/50X 2,949,750 8/1960 Kramer 62/(CP)UX 2,984,460 5/1961 Gardner et a1. 165/50 3,081,606 3/1963 Brose et al. 62/498(P)UX 3,283,808 11/1966 Hochstrasser 165/22 3,351,128 l1/1967 Barnd 165/22 1,699,064 1/1929 l-liggins..... 237/68 1,772,239 8/1930 Browne 237/68 2,352,930 7/1944 Anderson 165/26 2,865,610 12/1958 Sparrow 165/26 3,049,067 8/1962 Claude 98/31 51,083 11/1865 Pincus et al.. 99/288 3,011,428 l2/l96l Kircher 99/289X 3,069,999 12/ l 962 Morrison 99/289X Primary Examiner-Manuel A. Antonakas Attorney-Llewellyn A. Young ABSTRACT: This invention relates to a heating and cooling system wherein the same liquid is used in both the heating and cooling systems and the system is vented to atmosphere so as to minimize the possibility of explosion. The liquid used is an antifreezing liquid so that necessity for replenishment is minimized and smaller pipes, such as copper tubing, may be used to conduct the liquid between the heating unit, the cooling unit, and space unit associated therewith. The invention is also concerned with a novel construction for quickly heating the liquid to a desired temperature.

Patented Oct. 27, 1970 Sheet 1 of 7 9% WN M j ww 1 Patented 27, 1970.

.Sheet 5 of 7 Patehtea Z7,

5Qof7 Sheet Nun @MGR \Nn mum fin an INVENTORS Patented 1 Oct. 27, 1970 I Sheet INVENTORSV HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the field of air conditioning and heating. The unit may also be used for cooling refrigerating units and storage boxes to any preselected cooling or freezing temperature.

DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART This invention relates to a heating and cooling system and more particularly to a combined heating and cooling system.

With the advent of air conditioning, engineers have been attempting to perfect a combined heating and cooling system that is easy to install, inexpensive to produce and will have a relatively long, trouble-free life.

Originally, two independent systems were utilized, but this had handicaps because two systems of ducts had to be utilized. This frequently necessitated remodelling of a house in order to get the necessary installation. Considerable sales resistance has been met with this system primarily due to cost. Individual window air conditioners have also been installed. In such installations, the air conditioners have cut off the light entering the window and have thus been found to be undesirable for this reason. Houses having such installations give the inhabitants a gloomy. feeling. Then too. there is the problem of noisy fans and leaky water tubes when a water-cooled installation is used.

More recent designs have utilized common duct work and have had separate sources of hot air and cold air. But here again the duct work is expensive and the furnace and the air conditioner require considerable space for installation.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF INVENTION One of the objects of this invention is the provision of a novel system for heating and cooling with a common heating and cooling device that utilizes a fluid of a preselected hot temperature for heating and a fluid of a preselected cold' temperature for cooling.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a temperature conditioning system for a space utilizing a liquid that eliminates a water supply hookup.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a hot and cold air conditioning system that eliminates all air devices, flow control valves or expansion tanks in the main circuits or on the boiler.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a hot and cold air conditioning system that utilized a piping system of relatively small dimensions.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a novel hot and cold temperature conditioning system for use with a plurality of spaces that permits individual control of any one of the spaces.

Another object of the invention is the provision ofa hot and cold air system that is inexpensive to produce, is positive in its action, is rugged and sturdy. is relatively compact and requires minimum of maintenance Another object of the invention is the provision of a novel hot and cold air conditioning system that may be used in subzero climates year round without the necessity of connecting or disconnecting any portion of the system for different seasons of the year.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a novel hot and cold air conditioning unit that eliminates expensive transfer valves when the system changes from a heating to a cooling condition.

the system are minimized.

LII

Another object of the invention is the provision of a heating and cooling system that is capable of transferring heat or cold from separate sources to a place of use quickly, easily and with a minimum of connections between the sources and the place of use. Other objects and advantages will become apparent when taken in connection with the following drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of the combined heating and cooling system embodying the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of a modified form of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a wiring diagram for the components in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a side elevation view of the boiler unit.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the boiler unit taken along theline 5-5 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the flash chamber construction.

FIG. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 7-7 in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of another modified form of the invention.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along the line 9-9 in FIG. 8.

FIG. I0 is a schematic view of another modified form of the invention.

FIG. II is a sectional view a room showing a cooling and heating unit with a recirculating connection. Referring now to the drawings, the invention is shown embodied in a heating and cooling system for use in a house. In general the system comprises space heaters'and coolers II, a hot liquid supply I2, a cold liquid supply l3 and conduit means interconnecting the hot liquid supply and the cold liquid supply with the space heaters and coolers I] so that the flow of either the cold liquid or the hot liquid to and from the space heater and cooler units II may be selectively controlled and means responsive to preselected temperatures adjacent the space heater and cooler units 11 for controlling the flow of hot and cold liquid to the space heater and cooler units II.

As shown, the system utilizes three space heater and cooler units 11. It is to be understood that any number of heating and cooling units may be used. depending on the number of rooms or spaces desired to be heated or cooled. Each space heater and cooler unit comprises a housing I6 having a series of radiating fins 17 mounted thereon. and a pipe or tubular member I8 in an undulating or wave-shape passing through the fins 17 in such a manner that, ifhot liquid passes through the pipe 18. heat is conducted by the fins I7 from the hot liquid flowing through the pipe 18; and when cold liquid passes through the pipe I8. cold is conducted by the fins I7 from the cold liquid flowing through the pipe 18. As shown. the cooling or heating liquids are introduced into the space heating and cooling units through an inlet I9 connected-to a conduit 21 connected to the hot and cold liquid supplies I2 and 13. A conduit 22 connected to the outlet end 23 of the tubular member 18 returns the liquid to the hot or cold liquid su ply. A fan 24 is mounted in the lower end of each housing 16 and is arranged to blow air through the housing around the fins 17 through an opening 26 in the top of the housing to be discharged into the room or other area to be heated or cooled.

The housing 16 may have any desired shape; but, for convenience of installation, it should be of such a width and thickness that it can fit between upright studs of a wall of a room or the joists of a floor. An electric valve 27 for controlling the flow of liquid into each space heater and cooler is connected in the conduit 21 adjacent the inlet 19 of each space heater and cooler unit. The electric valve 27 is controlled by a room thermostat 31 spaced to respond to preselected hot and cold temperatures produced by the space heating and cooling unit II with which it is associated.

Any suitable method may be employed for supplying hot liquid to the heating and cooling units II. Herein the hot liquid supply includes a boiler 34 or hot cylinder and a heat exchange unit 33. The heat exchange unit 33, as shown, comprises an elongated container 36 formed to provide a reservoir container 36.

to contain liquid. A coil 37 passes'through the container 36 and has an inlet opening 38 andan outlet opening 39. Suitable insulation; not shown' may be placed about the exterior of the It is to be understood'that any suitable means may be employed tosupply hot liquid or fluid to the coil 37 in the heatexchange unit 33. in this embodiment (See FIGS. 4 5, 6 and 4 The pump-104 is controlled by a pressure switch 109. Thus, when the pressure in the lines 21 and 102 builds up to a preselected pressure. as when the electric valves 27 close. the

. switch 109 operates to turn off the pump 1 04; and when the 7). the heating unit or. boiler 34 includes a housing-41 of l generally rectangularconfiguration having sides 43 and ends 46and 47,a top 48 and a bottom 49,'all rigidly secured are two compartments and 52 heated by burners 53. The

. together as by welding or suitable means. Within the housing g compartment 51 is formed by the side 44. the ends 46 and 47.

a partition 54 spaced from the side 44 and a bott'om 56. In a similar mannerthecompartment 52 is formed by the side 43.

e the ends 46 and 47. a partition 57 spacedfrom the side 43 and a bottom 58. The bottom 56'and the bottom 58are spaced above the bottom 49 of the'housing a sufficient distance to accommodate the burners; The space between the partitions 54 and 57 provide an exhaust passageway 59 for the, gases coming from the burners and exhausted to the atmosphere through vent 61. Toinsure uniform temperature in bothcompartments. transfer tubes62 extendbetween compartments 5] and 52. It is to be observed also that by placing the transfer exchanger unit 33. An air vent 108 opening to the atmosphere v is operatively connected with the line 106 to release any air in ,the system. A liquid supply gauge 110 is associated with the air vent I08 and indicates the level of the liquid in the system.

The coolant supply 13 herein comprises acooling exchanger 12 1 and a refrigerator. unit 122. The refrigerator tubes 62in the exhaust passageway 59. the liquid in,the

' transfer tubes is in effect preheated.

In order to get quick heating. a flash chamber principle been utilized. Thus. as seen a series of flash chambers 7] are formed beneath each compartment. Each chamber comprises q a bottom 72. a wall 73. a peripheral flange 74 spaced from the bottom for securing the wall 73 and the bottom 7210 the bot tom of the compartment 51 as by welding or other suitable means. Projecting into 'the compartment above each flash chamber is a' tube '76 having its lower end 77 in communica tion with the flash chamber 71 ."and its upper end 78 extending above the level of liquidin the compartment 51. A hole 79 is r formed in the bottom 56: of the compartment 5 so as to provide communication between the compartment and .the flashtube. Flash chambers 7l. having the same construction as unit may be of any conventional constructionincluding a fan 120 and is connected to a coil 123. in the cooling exchanger through a conduit 124. The other endof the coil 123 is connected to a return pipe 126 in turn leading to the refrigerator unit. A conventional expansion chamber1l27 is placed in the lin'e l24.

The cooling exchanger 121 is connected to the space heating'and cooling units 11 through a conduit 131 and the con- ;duit 21. A check valve 132 is inserted in the conduit to prevent the return flow of liquid, and a centrifugal pump I34 7 inserted in the line draws cold liquid from the exchange unit 13 and forces it through the conduits l3] and 21 to the units 11.

A pressure switch 130 controls the operation of the pump 134. Thus. whenever the pressure in the lines 21 and 131 builds up to a preselected pressure because the electric valves described hereinbefore. are also provided beneath the compartment52in the same manner as described herein.

A burner 53 .is placed irnmediately below eachflash chamber 71 and is arranged so that the exhaust'fumes flow through the passageway :59 to the atmosphere.

A conduit 81-connected to a fuel supply. not shown,

con

ducts fuel to the burners 53, A gas supplycontrol valve 82 is connected the conduit 8l for controlling the fuel supply and is controlled by a preselected temperature in the boiler 34 by an aquastat 83 mounted on the housing 41. The heating com- :partments 51 and52are connected to the heat exchange unit 3 t by conduits 84 and 86 and conduit 87 in turn connected to the inlet 38 of the heat exchange. A circulating centrifugal pump a 88 and a check valve 89 are disposed in the conduit 87. The

90 on the heat exhanger 33 controls the operation of the pump 88 f a Each of the flash chambers 71 and associated tubes 76 and circulating purnp effects circulation of hot liquid between the v heating unit 34 and thelheatexchange unit 33. The check valve89 prevents the return flowof liquid to the heating unit 34 The outlet 39 of .the' heat exhanger is connected to the heating unit 34 through a conduit 91. Avent 92 to air is con- .nectedto the conduit 91 adjacent the housing4l. An aquastat exchanger unit 13; a

27are closed. the switch I30 shuts off the pump l34. When the line pressure reduces. the switch 130 closes and the pump 134starts. thereby circulating the cooling liquid. An aquastat is mounted on the cooling exchanger .12] to control the operation of the refrigerator unit 122 and in turn the temperature of the liquid in the cooling exchanger;

The return lines22 and 106 extend between the space heating and cooling units II and a line 137 returning to the cooling Theoperation of the heating and cooling system is controlled by anoutdoor thermostat 146. Thus. the outdoor thermostat is set for some temperature. such as 65. as desired by the operator and depending on the locality; Thus, unless the outdoor temperature goes below that satisfactory the hot supply circuit is operable and the cold supply circuitis not operable. lf the outdoor temperature goesabove 65, the cold .operable. The outdoor thermostat, is. thuspoperably con- .n'e'cted; with circulating pumps 104 and 134;. and only one system may work at a time;

While it ispossible to use a number of fluids or liquids in this system, best results areobtained by using an antifreeze liquid,

such as ethelene glycol. While the pure liquid works, a 60 percent ethelene glycol and 40 percent water solution is very satisfactory .over wide temperature ranges. Other percentages and other liquids may be used.

The wiring diagram is shown in FIG. 3. While any desired voltage supplies may be used, for purposes of illustration. a

230-volt supply is used for the compressormotor of the 1 refrigeration unit 122. a l lO-volt supply is used for each of the burner 53 is of the same construction forboth compartments. 7

s1 and 52.

T he heat exchanger unit 33is connectedto an outlet 101 with a conduit or line 102-that connects with conduit 21 leading to the space heating and cooling units '1 l. A check valve 103 is placed in the linegl02 to prevent'thereturn of liquid to T theheat excha'ngerthrough the line 102. A centrifugal pump .104 is inserted in the line 102 for drawing the liquid from the; fiheat exchanger unit and forcing it-throughtheconduit 102 e Y and line 21 to the units 11.

fans 24, the boiler circulator pump 88. the heating circulator pump 104 and the coolingcirculator pump 1 34and a 24-volt supply is used for the control circuits.

. .As shown,-'one side of the compressor motor 130 is con-' 1 nected to a main line supply l51 through one side of a switch 150. a fuse 155,..and line 153, a line. 134. normally open con-' tacts 156 ofa compressor relayiand a line 157. The other a side of thecompressor motor 130 is connected tothemain line 152 throughthe other side of the switch 150, a fuse 160, a

line,.l58. normally open contacts 159 on'therelay 155 and a line 161. 1 i

One side of the pump motor 88, for controlling the'flow of liquid between the boiler 34 and the heat exchanger 33. is connected to a main line 162 through the switch 150 and a line 163. The other side of the motor 88 is connected to the main line 152 through the switch 150. a fuse 160. a line 158. a line 168, normally open contacts'166 on a relay 167 and a line 164.

One side of the heating circulator pump motor 104. for forcing the hot fluid to the units 11. is connectedto the main line 162 through the line 163. a line 171 and a line 172. The other side of the motor 104 is connected to the main line 152 through the switch 150. the fuse 160. the line 158. a-line 173. normally open contacts 175 on a relay 176. a line 177. normally closed contacts on the pressure switch 109 and a line 178.

One side of'the cooling circulator pump motor 134. for forcing the cooling liquid to the units 11. is connected to the main line 162 through the switch 150. the line 163. the line 171 and the line 174. The other side of the pump motor 134 is connected to the main line 152through-the switch 150. the fuse 160, the line 158. a line 181. normally open contacts 182 of a relay 183. a line 184. normally closed contacts on the pressure switch 130 and a line 186.

One side of the coil on the solenoid-operated gas valve 82 is connected to a control circuit transformer 191 through a line 192. normally closed contacts on the boiler aquastat 83 and a line 193. The other side of the coil on the .valve 82 is connected to the other side of the transformer 191 by a line 194. A fuse 195 is connected in the line 194 adjacent the transformer 191.

One side of a coil of the relay 167 is connected-to the transformer 191 through a line 196. The otherside of the coil of the relay 167 is connected to the transformer 191 through a line 198. normally closed contacts on the heatexchanger aquastat 90. a line 199 and a line 192.

One side of the coil of the relay 176is connected to transformer 191 through a line 1 96 and a line 201. The other side of the relay coil is connected to transformer 191 through a line 202. the heat contact 203 of the outdoor thermostat 146. the contact 209 of the thermostat 146 and a line 206.

One side of the coil of the cooling circulator relay 183 is connected to the control circuit transformer 191 through the line 196. the line 201and a line 207. The other side ofthe coil of the relay 183 is connected to the transformer 191 through a line 208. the cooling contact 204 of the thermostat 146. the contact 209 of the thermostat 146 and the line 206.

One side of the coil of the compressor relay 155 is connected to the control circuit transformer 191 through the line 196. the line 201, the line 207 and a line 211. Theother side of the coil of the relay 155 is connected to the control circuit transformer 191 through a line 212, normally open contacts 210 on the cooling exchanger aquastat 125. a line 213. the line 199 and a line 192.

The fan 24 on each heating and cooling unit 11 is connected to a l l0-volt circuit. Thus. one side of each fan is connected to a main line 216 through a line 217. The other side of each fan is connected to a main line 218 through a line 219. normally open contacts 221 on a blower relay 222 and a line 223.

One side of the coil of the blower relay 222 is connectedto one side of the control circuit transformer 226-through a line 227. The other side ofthe coil of the relay 222 is connected to the other side of the transformer 226 through a line 228, a switch 229 on the valve 27 and a line 231.

The thermostats 31 are arranged to provide either heat or cooling to the area. depending on the outside thermostat 146. The heating and cooling-units 11 are connected in the system so that the unit can only heat an area or cool an area at a given time. To this end. a control relay 233 is arranged to be controlled by the thermostat 146 so that when a room is cool and requires heating. the cooling circuit is inoperative; and when the room is hot and needs cooling. the heating circuit is inoperative.

One side of the coil on the relay 233 is connected to the transformer 191 through the line 206. thermostat elements 209 and 203 on the thermostat 146, the line 202 and a line 236. The other side of the coil of the relay 233 is connected to the transformer 191 through a line 237. the line 211. the line 207. the line 201 and the line 196. The relay 233 is arranged so that in its unenergized position. the cooling control elements of the thermostat 31 are operative and the heating control elements are inoperative; and in its energized condition the heating control elements are operative and the cooling control elements are inoperative. lt is understood that other circuit arrangements can be used.

Each thermostat 31 is arranged in the control circuit to control the opening and closing of an associated valve 27 for either heating or cooling of the room. Thus. as seen. one element 240 of the heating control unit of the thermostat 31 is connected to the valve 27 through a line 241. the contacts 242 .of the relay 233 and a line 243 to the actuator of the valve 27. The other side of the actuator is connected to the other element 245 of the heating control unit of the thermostat 31 through a line 244, contacts 246 of the relay 233. a line 247. the line 227. one side of the control circuit transformer 226. the other side of the control circuit transformer 226 and line 231.

One element 250 of thecooling control of the thermostat 31 is connected to the valve 27 through a line 251, the contacts 242 onthe-relay 233 and the line 243. The other element 255 of the cooling control of the thermostat 31 is connected to the valve 27 through a line 253. the contacts 246 on the relay 233 and the line 247. the line 227 on one side of the control circuit transformer 226. the other side of the control circuit transformer and the line 231.

While any number of different types and makes of equipment may be used. the following manufactured items have been found effective. The outdoor thermostat 146 may be a Minneapolis-Honeywell thermostat. Model T238A. The inside thermostats 31 may he Minneapolis-Honeywell thermostats. Model T834C-l l37-24-Volt. The circulating pumps 88, 104 and 134 may be Crane Company 1 lf olt Dynapumps. Model 400E. The aquastats 83. and 125 may be Minneapolis- Honeywell Aquastats. Model L4006A. The pressure switches 109 and 130 may be Minneapolis-Honeywell pressure switches. ModelL-itHA-llflo 2. The electric valve 27 may be Bell and Gossett zone control valves. Model TEV-24-volt.

The operation of the system is readily apparent from the foregoing but is summarized briefly hereinafter for'purposes of clarification.

The exchangers 12 and 13 are filled with liquid to the proper level indicated in the gauge 110 and the systems connected to the proper power supplies.

Assume that it is summer time and the outdoor temperature is 95. The system is to be used for cooling a room or space. The operation can best be followed in FIG. 1.

The outdoor thermostat 146. having been set at 65F.. controls the circuits so as to prevent the pump 1'04 controlling the flow of hotliquid from operating and permits the pump 134 controlling'the flow of cold liquid to operate. it is further assumed that the system has been in operation sufficiently long so that the temperature of the coolant in the exchanger 13 is approximately 40. that being the setting of the cooling exchanger aquastat 125. It is understood that. if the temperature of the liquid in the exchanger'is above that temperature, the aquastat l25'operates to actuate the refrigerator unit 122 to cool the liquid down tothe preselectedtemperature. When the temperature in the exchanger is at the desired temperature. the aquastat 125 deenergizes the control circuit to the refrigeration unit 122.

Assume that the temperature on each thermostat 31 is set for 73. Under these conditions, the electric valves 27 open as the thermostats 31 indicate that cooling is required. The pressure in the lines-211and 131 reduces to l or 2 pounds or less. When this condition exists. the electric circuits are such that the-pump 134is automatically started to deliver fluid from the exhanger121 to the units 11.

.7. Under these assumed conditions, the antifreeze liquid is pumped from the cooling exchanger 121 through conduit 131 through the check valve 132, the pump 134, the conduit21,

space'heating and cooling units 11, the conduit 22, .the conduit 106 and .the conduit 137 to the cooling exchanger 121. Circulation of the antifreeze liquid through this circuitlcontinues until the, preselected temperatureoneach thermostat) v 31 has been reached. When that temperature is reached, each.

electric valve 27. closes. When all the valves 27 are closed,- a

back pressure builds up in the lines 21 and 131 back to thecheck valve 132and causes the pressure'swit ch 130 to open and in turn shut off thepump'134s Thecheek valve' l32 prevents the'buildup of pressurein the container12l:

Whenever thetemperature of th'e liquid in .the cooling; exchanger 13. as shown by'th'eaquastat125. is above thepreselected temperature setting. the aquastat 125 operates to energize the refrigerator unit 122: .to cool the'liquid tothe v presenttemperaturew r Because the lines are filled with antifreeze liquid to the I preselectedlevel indicated in the gauge 110, both the hot and a cold liquid supply containers 36 and 121 are filled to capacity. 1

. .The flow of liquid is .fromthe'exhang'er 13 to the units 11ba'ck to the cooling exchanger. The flow. of fluid is only through the cooling circuit. It is also seen that no cold liquid flows'into the heat exchanger 12 because. the latter is filled to capacity; Assume .that it is winter time and that the outdoorv tempera- .ture is 50 The outdoor thermostat 146 reacts to energizethe hot liquid supply 12 circuit and deenergizes the coolliquid supply 13 circuit. It is assumed that the temperature of "the liquid in the heat exchanger 12 is approximately 150? zlatter to burn. Any conventional pilot lifght system (not 53 are burning, heat is appliedto thelbottom of 'ach .chamber 71. This causes the liquid in the chamber 71 to be t newne s:

open thefuel supply valve 82 shown) can be used to ignite the burners.

- heated and forced up the tube 77 to be discharged in the compartments 51 and'52 on top of the liquid supply. Simultaneheating circuit has been omitted and only the cooling circuit is I shown. The numbers on the units correspond to the numbers of the same elements shown in FIG. 1. The operation of this modification is the same as that described for the cooling circuit of the embodiment shown in H0. 1.

' in FIGS 8 and 9 there is shown a modified form of the infvention. In some climates'no cooling is required so in this emg The heating control elements on each thermostat 31 have also been'set for 7 Z .Under these-conditions, because the thermostats 31 indicate a needlfor heat, the electric -,valves 27 open 'andtheline pressure in the lines -21-'and 102 reduces to l or 2 pounds or less. The pump 104 is actuated and liquid-is pumped (See the flow path arrows. from the heat exchanger. 12 throughthe line 102. the check valve 103,thepump 104.; the line 21 to the space heater and cooler units 11,the line 22 and the line '106to'outlet 1070f the heat exchanger 12;"The liquid will continue to flow. in this circuit until each thermostat 31 indicates the pro'per temperature in the areaha's' been reached and shuts off each valve 27,whereuponthe' back pressure in lines 21 and 102 builds up IOBCIUQIC the pressure switch 109 to shut off the pump 104. The check valve 132 prevents the buildupof back pressure in the exchanger 12.

When'the liquid flows 'fromthe heat exchanger 12 to the units l1'and back to the exchanger 12, no liquid flows into the cooling exchanger because thecooling exchanger is completely filled. Because .of the interconnections 107 and 137 between the heat exchanger 12 and the cooling exchanger-13, liquid can only be drawn from' one unit at a time and liquid can not be forced into'the otherexchanger while-one is beingutilized. lt will be noted. too; that this is accomplished withoutthe use'of expansion tanks orvalves; It is to be understood that. should a'surge occur. the excess liquid can be accommodated by the vent 108 leading to the atmosl'ipere.v

Becausethissystemis vented to air both in the exchangers and the'boiler, chances of explosions are minimized, if not entirelyeliminated.

It is to be understood alsothat'the fans 24 operate whenever liquid is flowing through the units 11; I

bodiment'onlythe heating circuit'components are shown. As 4 shown, the system comprises a series of heating units 301 connected to a boiler'302by a conduit 303 and a return conduit 304. A centrifugal pump 306 anda check valve 307 are connected in the line 303and operate in the same manner as set forth hereinbefore. g a

The boiler 302, in thisinstance is heated by electricity. As shown, the boiler'r302 includes a cylindrical container defining a chamber 305 having a top 308.:and a bottom 309.'The cylindrical container herein includes a pair of concentric metal cylinders 311 and 312 between which is a layer of insulating material 313. The top also is formed by a pair of parallel members 314 and 316 5between which is a layer of insulating material 317. The bottom is formed with a plurality of chambers 3l0. each having a circular wall 318. a bottom 319 and a flange 321 spaced from the bottom and used to secure the chamber to'the bottom 308 of .theboiler; A heating coil 322 is I placedimmediately belowithe flash, chambers 310 to provide heat as for theprevious embodiment; Holes 323 are formed in the bottom 309 to providecommunication between the chamber 305 and each: flash chamber 310. Tubes .324 disposed in the boiler in a vertical or upright position provide communication with each flash chamber 310 and chamber a 1 305. .The liquid level inlthe boiler is just below the top of each tube 324. e 7 1 Anaquastat 326is associated-with the boilerand, upon a predetermined temperaturein the boiler, operates to interrupt the electric circuit inthe switch unit 328 to the heating unit 1 322. A vent 327 also vents the boiler chamber 305 to the atmosphere. A pressure switch 329 associated with the motor 306 controls;.the motor circuit as described hereinbefore. Thermostats 331 associated .with each unit 301 control the flow of liquid from theboiler to the units as described lierein- 'before.- All: of the other components, operate in the same general manner as the heating portion of the system discussed it is readily apparent that this system is a selfcontained unit a 'and does not have to be connected to anywater or fluid. supply. it is readily apparent also that this system maybe readi ly installed for thesimple reason that small copper tubingor the like may be used to effect connections betweenthe'various" components. in addition to being installed inja building, the

heating and cooling exchangers may be placed outside of the house or building to furtherminimize burning of the liouse as a result of faulty-.burners or leaking gas or other hazards. It is believed that the-operation of the circuit. has been covered.

hereinbeforeyhowever, his to be understoodthatwhen the temperature in the. boiler,. as shown bythe aquastat 83, is

.below theaquastat operates in the control circuit to hereinbefore. e 1 I In FIQ10 there is shown another embodiment of the invention. In this embodimentonly thecooling system is utilized,

I and it is used herein tomaintain predetermined cool temperatures in a refrigerator 401, a deep freeze 402 and a cooler 403,

orotherunit where a predetermined cool temperature is required; As shown, a cooling exchanger 404' is connected with a compressor-operated refrigerator unit 40 through a conduit 405, expansion valve 410 andretum conduit 415 as described hereinbefore. An aquastat 407 is operatively associated with the refrigeration unit 406 to maintain the temperatureeof the liquidin ythe -r,cooling'exchahger 404 at a i predetermined cool temperature} As shown, Qhe cooling exchanger 404 is'connected to the refrigerator 401 through a conduit .408. A centrifugal pump 409 and a check valve 411 are connected in the line 408and operate in the manner described hereinbefore. A control valve 412 is connected in the conduit 408 and is controlled by a thermostat 413 operatively associated with the refrigerator 401. A return line 414 returns the fluid to the cooling exchanger 404.

The deep freeze is connected to the line 408 through line 414. A control valve 416 is connected in the line 414 to control the flow of fluid therethrough. A thermostat 417 operatively associated with the deep freeze controls the control valve 416 and return line 418 connects with return line 414.

The cooler 403 is connected to the line 408 through a line 414 and the line 421. A control valve 422 is connected in the line 421 to control the flow of fluid therethrough. A thermostat 423 controls the valve 422. A return line 426 is connected to return line 414.

As can be seen. one cooling exchanger unit 404 may be used to control the temperature in a series of units and to maintain the temperature in each individual unit at any predetermined cold temperature irrespective of the temperature in any of the other units.

The operation of this system is the same as described hereinbefore with the exception that the control thermostats are set for different temperatures. It is not necessary to use the outside thermostat with this modification.

In FIG. ll there is shown another method of installing a heating and cooling unit 501. As shown, the unit includes a housing 502, an inlet pipe 503. radiating fins 504, an outlet pipe 506 and a fan 507 functioning as described hereinbefore. As shown, the housing 502 is mounted underneath a floor 508 of a room formed by walls 509, 511 and 512. The inlet 514 conducting air from the housing 502 is mounted in the floor so as to force air upwardly into the room. The opposite end of the housing 502 is connected to a tube 516 and has communication with the room at point 517 some distance from the inlet 514. The latter tube provides a return circuit to the housing 502. A filter 518 may be placed in the tube 516 to purify the air. A thermostat 519 mounted on the wall 512 serves to actuate the flow control valve 521 in the line 503.

This unit operates the same as described hereinbefore. The advantage of this construction, however, is that the air may be recirculated so that the cooler air of the room is heated rather than the colder fresh air; consequently the room may be brought up to temperature much quicker.

The systems shown herein can be manufactured quickly, easily and very inexpensively. These systems also provide ease of installation in either new or old installations and provide a flexibility of control at a cost not heretofore available.

We claim:

1. The combination of a space cooling and heating device including a tubular member for conducting liquid therethrough, a first liquid supply having antifreeze characteristics, means for heating said first liquid supply to a predetermined temperature, a second liquid supply having antifreeze characteristics means for cooling said second liquid supply to another preselected temperature, first conduit means connected with one end of said tubular member, second conduit means connected between said first liquid supply, said second liquid supply and said first conduit, third conduit means to the other end of said tubular member, said second conduit being vented to atmosphere, fourth conduit means connected between said first liquid supply and said second liquid supply and said third conduit means and means responsive to a preselected temperature for selectively obtaining the flow of liquid from either the hot liquid supply or the cold liquid supply through the conduits to the space cooling and heating device and back to the source of supply, said last mentioned means including pump means in one of said conduit means for selectively drawing liquid from said liquid supplies and urging the same to said heating or cooling device, and means responsive to a back pressure in one of said conduit means for controlling said pump means.

2. The combination of a space cooling and heating device, including a tubular member for conducting fluid therethrough. a temperature responsive device, a first fluid supply, means for heating said first fluid supply to a predetermined temperature, a second fluid supply having antifreeze characteristics, means for cooling said second fluid supply to another predetermined temperature, conduit means connected between said first fluid supply and said second fluid supply and one end of said tubular member, said conduit means being vented to atmosphere, second conduit means connected between said first fluid supply and said second fluid supply and the other end of said tubular member whereby a flow from either the first or second fluid supply may circulate from the supply through the space heating and cooling device and back to the supply, and means responsive to preselected temperature on said temperature device for selectively effecting aflow of fluid from the first supply or the second supply, depending on the preset temperature on said temperature device, said last mentioned means including pump means in one of said conduit means for selectively drawing liquid from one of said liquid supplies and urging the same to said heating and cooling device, and means responsive to a back pressure in one of said conduit means for controlling said pump means.

3. The combination of a space cooling and heating device including a plurality of fins and a tubular member extending through said fins and operably connected therewith to conduct heat or cold, a source of hot fluid of a first preselected temperature, a source of cold fluid having antifreeze characteristics of a second preselected temperature, conduit means connected between said source of cold fluid and said source of hot fluid for selectively conducting fluid from one source or the other to said tubular member, means for venting said conduit means to atmosphere, and means responsive to preselected temperature for connecting the hot source with the space heating means or the cold source with the space cooling means depending on the temperature desired, said last mentioned preselected temperature means including pump means associated with said sources of fluid for selectively drawing liquid from one of said sources and urging the same to said heating and cooling device, and means responsive to a back pressure in said sources for controlling said pump means.

4. The combination of a heating and cooling unit having a liquid inlet and outlet, a thermostat associated with said unit. a first container, a second container, a first connection between said first container and said second container and the outlet of said space heating and cooling device, means for venting said first connection to atmosphere, conduit means between said first container and said inlet of said space heating and cooling device, second conduit means between said second container and said inlet of said space heater and cooling device, an antifreeze liquid in said first and second containers and said conduits, means for heating the liquid in said first container to maintain said liquid therein at a preselected temperature, means for cooling the liquid in said second container to a preselected cooling temperature and means responsive to preselected temperature settings on said thermostat for selectively forcing either the hot or the cold liquid as directed by the thermostat to the space heating and cooling unit and back to the container from which the liquid is taken, said last mentioned means including pump means in one of said conduit means for selectively drawing liquid from one of said containers and urging the same to the heating and cooling unit, and means responsive to a back pressure in said conduit means for controlling said pump means.

5. The combination of a space heating and cooling unit having a liquid inlet and an outlet, a thermostat operably associated with said space heating and cooling unit, a first container for holding a liquid, means for maintaining said liquid at a preselected temperature, a second container for holding a liquid, means for holding said liquid to preselected cooling temperature, a first conduit between said first and second containers, means for venting said first conduit to atmosphere, a second conduit between said first connection and the outlet of said space heating and cooling unit, a third conduit between said first container and the inlet of said space heating and cooling unit, a fourth conduit between said second container I andthe inlet of said space heating and cooling' unit, an .an-

tifreeze liquid in said containers and conduits, means in said 1 third and fourth conduits responsive to predetermined tem perature for stopping the flow of liquid through saidthird' and 7 fourth conduits, check valves in said third and fourthconduits adjacent the first and second containers to prevent the return flow of liquid from 'said third andfourth conduits to the first 1- and second containers, respectively,pump means in said third and vfourth conduitsfor effecting a preselected flow of liquid 7 from said containers, to said spaceheating' and cooling unit Y and means responsive to. a predetermined back pressurerin said third and fourth conduits for stopping said pump means.

between" said outlet and said boiler, a check valve in second conduitmeans to prevent return flow between said coil and said boiler, pumping means in said second conduit to urge I 6. The combination claimed in clain14 in-whichthe means for heating the liquid includesa coil in said second container having an inlet and outlet, a boiler,:cnduit .means-betweenl said boiler and inlet of said coil, second conduit means I the' flow of fluid from said boiler to said coil, temperature -v means'on saidcontainer responsivetoja preselected temperature for stopping the flow of fluid between the boiler and saidcoil and means for heatingthe fluid in boiler; H H

7.tThe combination or a heatingorcoolingdevice having a tubular member for conducting liquid, therethrough. a hot or cold liquid supply having antifreeze characteristics. means for either heating or coolingsaid liquid supply, conduit means between said liquid supply andthejltubular, member of said cooling or heating device, second conduit means between said tubular member of said heating or cooling device and said liquid supply, a thermostatically controlled'valve in one of said conduit means, a vent to the atmosphere in one of 'said conduit means, pump means in one of said conduit means for drawing

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