CN100413617C - Device for preparing metal ultrafine powder and its method - Google Patents
Device for preparing metal ultrafine powder and its method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100413617C CN100413617C CNB2006101050183A CN200610105018A CN100413617C CN 100413617 C CN100413617 C CN 100413617C CN B2006101050183 A CNB2006101050183 A CN B2006101050183A CN 200610105018 A CN200610105018 A CN 200610105018A CN 100413617 C CN100413617 C CN 100413617C
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Abstract
The superfine metal powder preparing apparatus and method adopts double-layered composite atomizing nozzle and bipolar atomizing mode. The double-layered composite atomizing nozzle has one upper layer in traditional atomizing structure and one lower layer in Laval nozzle structure and has double-layered metal liquid tearing effect and ultrasonic metal liquid exciting effect. The present invention also adopts doped powder and vortex structure and thus has homogeneous mixing between solid and gas, vortex gas flow impulse and increased gas flow impact force on metal liquid for deep tearing of metal liquid and even small grains. In addition, present invention has increased electric field to make the falling metal powder produce surface charge effect to avoid agglomeration.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgy, material and engineering field are specifically related to a kind of devices and methods therefor for preparing metal ultrafine powder.
Technical background
The second-rate atomization of metal liquid stream is the common method of preparation metal dust.Use conventional monolayers two flow atomization devices at present, the powder average grain diameter that can make is 10～30 μ m.Chinese patent CN200420023889.7 has invented a kind of gases at high pressure atomizer, be used to prepare metal powder material, this invention has adopted the wall of the wall of chamber, outside wall of air cavity and inboard chamber wall to form the structure of Laval jet pipe, and use gases at high pressure that metal liquid stream is atomized, this apparatus features is the powder preparation that can be adapted to materials with high melting point, all more than 10 μ m, energy consumption is also bigger simultaneously for the average grain diameter of the powder of preparation.Chinese patent CN01106868.X has invented the solid atomizing process of a kind of liquid metals and alloy, its feature is to compare with traditional second-rate atomization powder, granularity is thinner, the powder size narrowly distributing, the average grain diameter of the metallic tin powder of preparation is 36.69 μ m, but bigger with respect to the powder size of high pressure gas atomizing powder preparation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of particle diameter that can effectively reduce the atomizing powder is provided, improve uniformity, recovery rate and the purity of powder, atomizing effect prepares the device of metal ultrafine powder significantly
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of efficient, method that low consumption prepares the superfine metal-powder.
For achieving the above object, the device that the present invention prepares metal ultrafine powder is: comprise atomisation tower, atomisation tower is connected with vavuum pump and liquation chamber respectively, be provided with a stopper rod in the liquation chamber, also be provided with the compound atomizer that constitutes by subsonic speed atomizer and Lavalle atomizer between said liquation chamber and the atomisation tower, the liquation chamber is connected with atomisation tower by catheter, this catheter runs through subsonic speed atomizer and Lavalle atomizer, be respectively arranged with subsonic speed atomizer air inlet and Lavalle atomizer air inlet on subsonic speed atomizer and the Lavalle atomizer, the liquation chamber also is connected with the negative pole of electric field discrete device respectively with the subsonic speed atomizer, and the bottom of Lavalle atomizer links to each other with the positive pole of electric field discrete device simultaneously.
The lower end of atomisation tower of the present invention also is provided with one and receives the powder device; The liquation chamber is a funnel-shaped structure, and the periphery in the liquation chamber is provided with the heater wire bag, and liquation is provided with thermocouple in the chamber; The subsonic speed atomizer is 0 °-20 ° near the angle β of the madial wall of catheter, and the angle α of lateral wall is 30 °-60 °; The Lavalle atomizer is the circular seam type structure, the Lavalle atomizer is 30 °-60 ° near the angle theta of the madial wall of catheter, and the ratio of the slit width b at the slit width a at atomizer minimum widith place, Lavalle and maximum width place is 1: 1-1: 5; Subsonic speed atomizer and Lavalle atomizer all have 2～4 air inlets, and the direction of air inlet is identical; Catheter comprises catheter and following catheter, and the internal diameter of following catheter is greater than the internal diameter of last catheter, and leaves gap 0-10mm up and down between the catheter.
The preparation method that the present invention adopts is: at first by vavuum pump atomisation tower is vacuumized, and then inert gas is charged in the atomisation tower; Secondly metal to be prepared is placed the liquation chamber to carry out melting and make it fusing, again the inert gas of 0.2MPa～5Mpa and slaine powder are fed in the subsonic speed atomizer by subsonic speed atomizer air inlet jointly, the inert gas of 0.2MPa～5Mpa is fed in the atomizer of Lavalle by Lavalle atomizer air inlet; Opening stopper rod flows in the atomisation tower by molten metal bath downwards along catheter, inert gas then carries out the bilayer atomizing by subsonic speed atomizer and Lavalle atomizer to the molten metal that flows out catheter, realization is torn and supersonic speed sound wave exciting the bilayer of molten metal, in the process of atomizing, the electric field discrete device disperses to molten drop, molten metal is rapidly solidificated into metal dust through atomization process, by receiving the powder device, the metal that generates is collected at last.
Inert gas of the present invention is Ar or He; The slaine powder is that particle diameter is sodium chloride or the potassium chloride powder of 50 μ m-1000 μ m.
The present invention adopts the mode of the bipolar atomizing of two-layer compound atomizer, and traditional aerosolization structure is adopted on the upper strata, and lower floor adopts the Laval nozzle structure, has realized double-deck effect of tearing with supersonic speed sound wave exciting molten metal; And the employing adulterated powder, and adopt the scroll structure, both can improve the uniformity of mixing of solid and gas, can improve the momentum of vortical flow again, increase the impulsive force of air-flow to molten metal, tear up thereby reach the degree of depth, with the littler particle of acquisition particle diameter; Use the skin effect of metal-powder electric charge in addition, increase electric field, reduce the probability that metal-powder is reunited by spraying in the dropping process at metal-powder.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the general structure schematic diagram of atomising device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of liquation of the present invention chamber 6 and compound atomizer;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of subsonic speed atomizer 4 of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of Lavalle of the present invention atomizer 2;
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of subsonic speed atomizer 4 of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of catheter 8 of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is preparation technology's flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 8 passes through the Ma Er Zeta type nano particle size of Ma Erwen company manufacturing and the analysis result of Zeta potential analyzer according to the ultrafine metal powders body that preparation method of the present invention obtains, and wherein abscissa is the particle diameter of powder; Ordinate is the percentage composition of powder.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention includes atomisation tower 10, the inlet of atomisation tower 10 is connected with liquation chamber 6 by the compound atomizer that is made of subsonic speed atomizer 4 and Lavalle atomizer 2, the lower end of atomisation tower 10 is connected with vavuum pump 1, be provided with a stopper rod 7 in the liquation chamber 6, between liquation chamber 6 and atomisation tower 10, also be provided with the catheter 8 that runs through subsonic speed atomizer 4 and Lavalle atomizer 2, be respectively arranged with subsonic speed atomizer air inlet 5 and Lavalle atomizer air inlet 3 on subsonic speed atomizer 4 and the Lavalle atomizer 2, liquation chamber 6 also is connected with the negative pole of electric field discrete device 9 respectively with subsonic speed atomizer 4, and the bottom of Lavalle atomizer 2 links to each other with the positive pole of electric field discrete device 9 simultaneously.
Referring to Fig. 2, liquation of the present invention chamber 6 is a funnel-shaped structure, and the periphery in liquation chamber 6 is provided with heater wire bag 14, be provided with thermocouple 15 in the liquation chamber 6, the present invention has adopted the mode of the bipolar atomizing of double-deck atomizer, and ground floor adopts traditional subsonic speed atomizer 4, and the second layer adopts circular seam type Lavalle atomizer 2, its nozzle section amasss in the subsonic speed section and shrinks, and expands behind critical cross-section.Adopting Laval nozzle 2 is in order to realize the supersonic atomization of metal-powder.Adopt the mode of double-deck atomizer, realized double-deck effect of tearing with supersonic speed sound wave exciting molten metal.The mode of the compound atomizing of gas-solid feeds solid sodium chloride or potassium chloride powder and inert gas, and feed high-pressure inert gas in Lavalle atomizer 2 in subsonic speed atomizer 4, the atomizing medium that adopts in test is N usually
2, than traditional atomising device, behind the interpolation pressed powder, the density of gas improves greatly, and the momentum of gas increases, thereby the impulsive force of liquid stream is improved; Simultaneously, the solid that is added can also directly pour the inside of metal liquid stream, makes liquid stream be torn more fully.Under this effect aspect two, powder size reduces greatly, makes the recovery rate of fine powder be improved.In addition, behind the interpolation pressed powder, the disturbance of air-flow operation reduces, and more liquid stream is impacted in the concentrated area, makes that the powder size distribution is more concentrated.
Referring to Fig. 3, subsonic speed atomizer 4 is 0 °-20 ° near the angle β of the madial wall of catheter 8, and the angle α of lateral wall is 30 °-60 °.
Referring to Fig. 4, Lavalle atomizer 2 is 30 °-60 ° with the angle theta of the madial wall of catheter 8, and the ratio of the slit width a at Lavalle atomizer 2 minimum widith places and the slit width b at maximum width place is 1: 1-1: 5.
Referring to Fig. 5, the air-flow of double-deck nozzle of the present invention adopts spiral vortex type to flow, because spiral structure can provide bigger air-flow power, and considers in the time of will adding solid particle to air chamber, adopts the spiral vortex type structure that solid and gas are mixed evenly.Air inlet of the present invention is 2～4, and the stream swirl direction of double-deck nozzle is identical,, and avoids under the stream swirl direction reverse situation loss of the energy that two strands of airflow counter-collisions cause increasing the shear action of air-flow to metal liquid stream.
Referring to Fig. 6, catheter 8 of the present invention has adopted the form of segmented, the internal diameter of following catheter 13 is greater than the internal diameter of last catheter 12, can guarantee not bump down from the motlten metal that last catheter 12 flows out the inwall of catheter 13, it fixedly is to guarantee by the interference fits with subsonic speed atomizer 4 centre bores.Leave gap 0-10mm up and down between the catheter, prevent down that the low temperature of catheter 13 is passed to catheter 12, cause obstruction, simultaneously, when preventing 6 heating of liquation chamber, upper end, heat is passed to down catheter 13 fast, causes heat to scatter and disappear in a large number.Outside the reason of heat extraction conduction, effectively produce underbalance effect simultaneously, reach the purpose of drainage, make liquid under the effect of negative-pressure sucking, successfully in funnel, flow down.
Referring to Fig. 7, preparation method of the present invention is as follows: at first vacuumize by 1 pair of atomisation tower 10 of vavuum pump, and then inert gas is charged in the atomisation tower 10; Secondly metal to be prepared is placed liquation chamber 6 to carry out melting and make it fusing, again the inert gas of 0.2MPa～5Mpa and slaine powder are fed in the subsonic speed atomizers 4 by subsonic speed atomizer air inlet 5 jointly, the inert gas of 0.2MPa～5Mpa is fed in the Lavalle atomizers 2 by Lavalle atomizer air inlet 3; Opening stopper rod 7 allows molten metal bath flow in the atomisation tower 10 downwards along catheter 8, inert gas then carries out the bilayer atomizing by the molten metal of subsonic speed atomizer 4 and 2 pairs of outflows of Lavalle atomizer catheter 8, realization is torn and supersonic speed sound wave exciting the bilayer of molten metal, in the process of atomizing, 9 pairs of molten drops of electric field discrete device disperse, molten metal is rapidly solidificated into metal dust through atomization process, by receiving powder device 11, the metal that generates is collected at last.
Referring to Fig. 8, adopt the preparation method of the present invention scolding tin that atomizes, the pressure of upper strata atomizer adopts 0.7MPa, lower floor's pressure adopts 0.4MPa, 167 ℃ of the metal degrees of superheat detect by Ma Erwen Zeta, use this equipment can make particle diameter and reach 75% less than 8 μ m, average grain diameter is 1.7612 μ m, and the primary peak value in the grading curve reaches about 500nm.
The present invention uses the electric field dispersion technology in order to reduce the possibility that metal dust is reunited.At liquation chamber 6 and subsonic speed atomizer 4 logical 200-300V direct currents, electrode is for negative, and each droplet when making the molten metal bath atomizing all has negative electrical charge, adds a battery lead plate in the nozzle bottom simultaneously, and electrode forms a stronger electric field for just; Electronegative minute metallic drop is by behind the positive plate, because electronegative and second more weak electric field of positive plate formation.Under normal conditions, droplet has to be broken up fast, and------polymerization---is broken up a series of compound movement state such as---collision---polymerization etc. in collision, and after the utilization electric field technology, make uniform electric charge only be distributed in the outer surface of spheroid, the electric field skin effect makes between each molten drop mutually exclusive.Increase electric field by spraying in the dropping process, reduce the probability that metal-powder is reunited at metal-powder.
Claims (10)
1. device for preparing metal ultrafine powder, comprise atomisation tower (10), atomisation tower (10) is connected with vavuum pump (1) and liquation chamber (6) respectively, be provided with a stopper rod (7) in the liquation chamber (6), it is characterized in that: also be provided with the compound atomizer that constitutes by subsonic speed atomizer (4) and Lavalle atomizer (2) between said liquation chamber (6) and the atomisation tower (10), liquation chamber (6) is connected with atomisation tower (10) by catheter (8), this catheter (8) runs through subsonic speed atomizer (4) and Lavalle atomizer (2), be respectively arranged with subsonic speed atomizer air inlet (5) and Lavalle atomizer air inlet (3) on subsonic speed atomizer (4) and the Lavalle atomizer (2), liquation chamber (6) also is connected with the negative pole of electric field discrete device (9) respectively with subsonic speed atomizer (4), and the bottom of Lavalle atomizer (2) links to each other with the positive pole of electric field discrete device (9) simultaneously.
2. the device of preparation metal ultrafine powder according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the lower end of said atomisation tower (10) also is provided with one and receives powder device (11).
3. the device of preparation metal ultrafine powder according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said liquation chamber (6) is a funnel-shaped structure, and the periphery in liquation chamber (6) is provided with heater wire bag (14), is provided with thermocouple (15) in liquation chamber (6).
4. the device of preparation metal ultrafine powder according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said subsonic speed atomizer (4) is 0 °-20 ° near the angle β of the madial wall of catheter (8), and the angle α of lateral wall is 30 °-60 °.
5. the device of preparation metal ultrafine powder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said Lavalle atomizer (2) is the circular seam type structure, Lavalle atomizer (2) is 30 °-60 ° near the angle theta of the madial wall of catheter (8), and the ratio of the slit width b at the slit width a at Lavalle atomizer (2) minimum widith place and maximum width place is 1: 1-1: 5.
6. the device of preparation metal ultrafine powder according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said subsonic speed atomizer (4) and Lavalle atomizer (2) all have 2～4 air inlets, and the direction of air inlet is identical.
7. the device of preparation metal ultrafine powder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said catheter (8) comprises catheter (12) and following catheter (13), the internal diameter of following catheter (13) is greater than the internal diameter of last catheter (12), and leaves gap 0-10mm up and down between the catheter.
8. a device as claimed in claim 1 prepares the method for metal ultrafine powder, it is characterized in that:
1) at first atomisation tower (10) is vacuumized, and then inert gas is charged in the atomisation tower (10) by vavuum pump (1);
2) secondly metal to be prepared is placed liquation chamber (6) to carry out melting and make it fusing, again the inert gas of 0.2MPa～5Mpa and slaine powder are fed in the subsonic speed atomizer (4) by subsonic speed atomizer air inlet (5) jointly, the inert gas of 0.2MPa～5Mpa is fed in the Lavalle atomizer (2) by Lavalle atomizer air inlet (3);
3) opening stopper rod (7) allows molten metal bath flow in the atomisation tower (10) along catheter (8) downwards, inert gas then carries out the bilayer atomizing by subsonic speed atomizer (4) and Lavalle atomizer (2) to the molten metal that flows out catheter (8), realization is torn and supersonic speed sound wave exciting the bilayer of molten metal, in the process of atomizing, electric field discrete device (9) disperses to molten drop, molten metal is rapidly solidificated into metal dust through atomization process, by receiving powder device (11), the metal that generates is collected at last.
9. the method for preparing metal ultrafine powder according to claim 8 is characterized in that: said inert gas is Ar or He.
10. the method for preparing metal ultrafine powder according to claim 8 is characterized in that: said slaine powder is that particle diameter is sodium chloride or the potassium chloride powder of 50 μ m-1000 μ m.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2006101050183A CN100413617C (en) | 2006-08-18 | 2006-08-18 | Device for preparing metal ultrafine powder and its method |
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| CNB2006101050183A CN100413617C (en) | 2006-08-18 | 2006-08-18 | Device for preparing metal ultrafine powder and its method |
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| CN100413617C true CN100413617C (en) | 2008-08-27 |
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