CN100410882C - 用于虚拟机中的集中式软件管理的系统和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明披露一种维护虚拟数据中心的虚拟机的系统。虚拟数据中心的虚拟机生成软件图像、硬件配置、管理配置和用户/服务配置的实时运行实例。虚拟数据中心资源使用通过参考实时运行实例的管理配置而被监测。用户或服务生成存储的虚拟机的实时运行实例,通过参考用户/服务配置,例如定价或优先权。在一个示范实施例中,虚拟机软件图像包括应用程序系统预备文件,其添加到对于多个虚拟机公用的只读应用程序图像。关于应用程序的每个虚拟机特有的信息被保存在虚拟机的用户/服务配置中,且版本信息被保存在虚拟机的管理配置中。通过更新只读图像或者硬件配置,管理配置或用户/服务配置的任意的配置信息,执行每个虚拟机的应用程序的更新。
Description
发明领域
本发明通常涉及在虚拟机中的信息处理系统,更特别是涉及在虚拟机中的集中式软件管理的系统和方法。
背景技术
随着信息的价值和使用的持续增长,个人和企业都在寻找其它的方法来处理和存储信息。用户可用的一种选择是信息处理系统。信息处理系统通常处理、编译、存储和/或通信用于企业、个人或其它的目的的信息或数据,从而允许用户利用信息的价值。由于技术和信息处理的需求在不同的用户或应用之间有所不同,关于什么信息被处理、信息怎样被处理、多少信息被处理、存储或通信,以及信息怎样被迅速和有效地处理、存储或通信,信息处理系统也可以有所不同。在信息处理系统的多样性,允许信息处理系统是通用的或被配置给特定的用户或特定的用途,例如金融交易处理、航班定票、企业数据存储或全球通信。另外,信息处理系统可以包括大量的被配置为处理、存储和通信信息的硬件和软件组件,以及可以包括一个或多个计算机系统,数据存储系统和网络系统。
信息处理系统典型地利用在与硬件组件协调操作的操作系统上运行的一个或多个应用程序来处理信息。尽管离散的信息处理系统对于管理与特定位置或活动的信息而言是有效的工具,通常信息处理系统的处理能力在待用时期并没有被充分利用。例如,与特定企业功能相关的信息处理系统可能长期闲置,以便在需要的时候可以使用。在闲置时期,物理处理组件,例如处理器和存储组件,消耗了能量并且损耗的同时之降低了企业有限的增加值。企业通常已经接受了闲置时期的消耗,以换取使必要信息处理系统在线并准备进行重要操作的便利性。
现今的面向资源虚拟化的使用的趋势已经允许企业具有离散的信息处理系统的便利,而无需维护和运行分离的物理系统的花费。通过将软件应用程序放置在“虚拟机”容器中,资源虚拟化从硬件信息处理系统中分离了软件应用程序。虚拟机是硬件层的软件抽象,其如同物理的信息处理系统一样,提供了具有操作系统和应用程序的物理硬件系统的所有功能。常规的虚拟机器可以完全地被认为是两个文件,软件图像和可以是基于可扩展标记语言(XML)的一般硬件配置文件。软件图像表示典型地被称为“虚拟盘”的用于虚拟机的硬盘驱动。虚拟盘典型地包括操作安装文件、应用程序文件和用户数据文件。多个虚拟机存储在典型地被称为虚拟数据中心的网络服务器环境,以便期望的虚拟机可以用于所需服务器资源上的操作。虚拟机没有绑定特定的资源实例,以便资源可以动态提供和调整大小给所要求的应用程序,反之亦然,应用程序可以在资源之间转移,正如资源使用变化的要求。虚拟机硬件配置文件包括改变尺寸和目前绑定的细节,以支持虚拟机在硬件间的移动,反之亦然。
典型地,虚拟数据中心利用数据中心宽数据模型来管理虚拟机,例如通过使用静态和非分布式数据允许在软件生命周期、管理系统和虚拟化系统之间的配置共享的微软系统定义模型(SDM)和EDS数据中心标记。然而,在虚拟数据中心,软件保持与管理和控制系统的紧密联系,其依次将管理系统和硬件和用户紧密地连在一起。换句话说,在各种资源上运行虚拟机的灵活性被虚拟机和虚拟数据中心的管理所限制,例如更新、性能、位置、优先级和权限的管理。作为一个例子,在数据中心环境中,软件管理被分布为需要被独立管理的每个可应用系统。这使软件管理操作,例如补丁管理,变得冗长和耗时。为了进行软件安装,补丁管理和安全更新,在数据中心的每个系统必须被更新且安全补丁在独立的基础上被安装。典型的数据中心具有成千的虚拟机,使得资源不足以同时更新所有的虚拟机器,这导致了某些系统更新而某些使用旧版本的多相的环境。追踪系统更新来确保所有系统被更新,代表了一种实质上的逻辑问题,也就是随着补丁的发布,通常一年重复若干次。在虚拟数据中心的软件同样保持与用户和用户愿意的服务的紧密联系,例如通过以匹配用户的软件应用程序来限制软件的使用,以确保软件和硬件遵守用户特定的首选,例如安全、隔离、应用和记账/退款。
发明内容
因此产生了使用虚拟机来从用户和服务中分离软件的系统和方法的需要。
此外还需要一种系统和方法,其使用虚拟机从管理和控制系统中分离软件。
此外还需要一种系统和方法,其简化虚拟数据中心上的虚拟机软件的软件管理。
换言之,一种维护虚拟数据中心的虚拟机的系统,该系统包括:用于存储多个虚拟机的全局数据;存储在所述全局数据中的多个虚拟机,每个虚拟机具有硬件配置和软件图像,所述软件图像具有至少一个应用程序系统预备文件;存储在所述全局数据中的应用程序只读图像;用于运行虚拟机的多个处理组件;以及资源虚拟化引擎,其用于通过为应用程序只读图像添加应用程序系统预备文件来在处理组件上运行虚拟机实例,从而生成应用程序的实时运行实例。
此外,本发明提供一种维护虚拟数据中心的虚拟机的方法,该方法包括:在虚拟数据中心存储应用程序的只读图像;在虚拟数据中心存储多个虚拟机,每个虚拟机具有硬件配置和软件图像,所述软件图像具有与应用程序相关的系统预备文件;以及通过为应用程序的只读图像添加虚拟机的系统预备文件,来生成虚拟机的实时运行实例。
另外,本发明还提供一种虚拟机,包括:硬件配置;具有与应用程序相关的系统预备文件的软件图像,该系统预备文件添加到应用程序的只读图像,存储的只读图像与虚拟机分离;以及用户/服务配置用于在虚拟机的实时运行实例期间接收由应用程序生成的写入。
根据本发明,提供的一种系统和方法,其充分减少了先前用于管理虚拟数据中心的虚拟机的方法和系统相关的缺点和问题。虚拟机的实时运行实例从连接到虚拟机器的管理配置信息和用户/服务配置信息中生成。因此,虚拟机器被有效地用于从用户和用户愿意的服务中分离虚拟数据中心管理和控制系统。
更特别地是,虚拟数据中心的虚拟机包括软件图像和服务器硬件配置,其运行在由资源虚拟化引擎所分配的服务器硬件资源上。另外,每个虚拟机器包括具有管理首选的单独管理配置和具有用户首选的用户/服务配置。管理首选包括管理相关功能的信息,例如环境控制像电源,冷却和平衡,策略,最小化,最大化或对用户、软件或硬件的限制。资源使用监视器引擎利用全局策略引擎以闭环形式来监视启动的虚拟机器,以根据管理首选,调整服务器资源处理部件上的虚拟机的分配。用户/服务首选项包括虚拟机的优先权和成本的信息,以及其它参数,例如备份首选项和频率或安全等级。用户/服务和管理配置使得通用硬件,用户和系统管理之上的虚拟机是自含式(self contained),用于对处理部件的动态分配以便满足期望的管理和服务目标。
在一个实施例中,管理和用户/服务配置保存信息以允许从应用程序只读图像中生成虚拟机实例。例如,管理配置追踪应用类型,以及用户/服务配置追踪系统唯一信息。代替为每个虚拟机提供单独的虚拟盘,以用于对于个别虚拟机唯一使用的的文件的一个单独的虚拟盘,例如用户数据文件,一公用的虚拟盘被用于多个虚拟机器,多个虚拟机器共享相同的操作系统和应用程序,。一个特殊的虚拟机的实例从唯一的虚拟盘组装有唯一信息的公用虚拟盘的拷贝中运行。由该实例生成的信息利用保存为只读的公用虚拟盘写入到唯一的虚拟盘中,以保护使用公用虚拟盘的其它虚拟机的完整性。改变公用虚拟盘的访问是受限的,例如限于具有写权限的补丁管理器来安装补丁,或安全性更新在公用虚拟盘上的应用程序。例如,通过关闭使用公用虚拟盘的所有运行的实例,应用补丁到公用虚拟盘,并从更新的公用虚拟盘重启多个虚拟机,使得实例运行该补丁,以在多个虚拟机上安装补丁。
本发明提供了许多重要的技术优势。重要的技术优势的一个例子是虚拟机被用来从虚拟数据中心的管理和控制系统中分离软件。管理和控制的分离允许更加灵活的模型,该模型匹配管理与用户、软件和硬件的通用系统,管理多个系统,允许在运行虚拟机器时的管理、用户、软件或硬件的独立的改变,并确保管理遵守策略规则,例如环境一致性,且硬件遵守管理特定限制,例如策略或最大的物理限制。从管理和控制中分离软件允许独立于管理的软件改变,当管理系统访问状态软件(stateful softeware)时对运行和状态软件的的更新,并简化管理系统更新,例如对于管理器在视图、性能、位置、优先权和权限上的改变。在通用硬件、用户和系统管理上的虚拟机是自含式的以便提供简化虚拟数据中心工具目录的完全的和可再现的快照,例如诊断、检测点、备份、克隆、中止/恢复和退款/记账。在虚拟机中的文件的版本简化了管理更新的追踪,且单独的管理配置文件允许对在虚拟机器中的配置的基于角色的访问。
重要的技术优势的另一个例子是虚拟机被用来从虚拟数据中心的用户和服务中分离软件。用户和服务的分离允许更加灵活的模型,该模型匹配软件应用程序和用户,确保软件遵守用户特定首选项,例如安全性,并确保硬件遵守用户特定首选项,例如隔离、利用和记账/退款。从用户和服务中分离软件允许独立于用户的软件改变,当用户访问状态软件的时候对运行和状态软件的更新,以及简化用户更新视图、性能、位置、优先权和权限。
虚拟机的重要的技术优势的另一个例子是虚拟数据中心上的软件管理被简化了。应用程序的补丁被应用到应用程序的只读拷贝上。包括应用程序的虚拟机器从只读图像启动以包括补丁,使得单独时间应用补丁到应用程序有效地更新包括所述应用程序的所有虚拟机。支持多虚拟机启动的只读图像的使用减少了在虚拟数据中心上整体存储,由于应用程序的只读拷贝可以被保存为应用程序的唯一的永久拷贝,且使用只读拷贝的所有虚拟机共享与应用程序相关的公共状态。另外,具有相同配置的虚拟机的克隆在减少的时间中是可执行的,由于与应用程序相关的用户服务配置文件被拷贝,而不要求整个应用程序的拷贝。另外,应用程序是自含式的具有足够的信息以独立于与用户和服务、系统管理或硬件的特定绑定。
附图说明
通过参考附图,本发明可以更好地被理解,且对于该领域的技术人员而言,其大量的目标、特征和优点是很明显的。贯穿几个附图的相同的引用编号的使用指示了同样的或类似的元件。
附图1描述了具有与每个虚拟机相关的管理配置和用户/服务配置的虚拟数据中心的框图;
附图2描述了具有支持具有应用程序系统预备文件的多个虚拟机的实时运行图像的应用程序只读图像的虚拟数据中心的框图;以及
附图3描述了具有公共图像的虚拟机的分层的视图。
具体实施方式
通过参考与每个虚拟机相关的管理配置和用户/服务配置中的信息,生成和监视虚拟机实例。管理和用户/服务配置辅助虚拟机对信息处理系统处理资源的分配和监视,以获得期望的目标。为了这种公开的目的,信息处理系统可以包括任意工具或工具的集合,工具或工具的集合能操作的计算、分类、处理、传输、接收、检索、启动、切换、存储、显示、表明、检测、记录、再现,处理或利用用于商业、科学、控制或其它目的的任意形式的信息、情报或数据。例如,信息处理系统可以是个人计算机、网络存储设备或任意其它适合的设备,并可以在大小、形状、性能、功能和价格上进行变化。信息处理系统可以包括随机存取存储器(RAM)、一个或多个处理资源例如中央处理单元(CPU)或硬件或软件控制逻辑、ROM和/或其它类型的非易失性存储器。信息处理系统的其它组件可以包括一个或多个磁盘驱动器、一个或多个与外部设备和各种输入和输出(I/O)设备通信的网络接口,例如键盘、鼠标和视频显示器。信息处理系统还可以包括一个或多个可操作地传输在各种硬件组件之间的通信的总线。
现在参考附图1,框图描述了虚拟数据中心10,虚拟数据中心10具有与每个虚拟机器12相关的管理配置14和用户/服务配置16。虚拟机器12通过根据服务器硬件配置20来调用软件图像18而在服务器硬件资源22上运作。利用资源虚拟化引擎26指定存储的虚拟机到服务器硬件资源22的期望的处理组件,待用的虚拟机被存储在全局数据24中并被启动。例如,通过一旦数据变成可用时就调用执行数据处理功能的虚拟机,在工作日结束时执行数据处理功能。资源虚拟化引擎26指定虚拟机12到服务器硬件资源22的CPU,并启动在CPU上的虚拟机12的操作系统运行该功能。在完成数据处理功能以后,资源虚拟化引擎26停用虚拟机器12用于在全局数据24中的存储。常规的虚拟数据中心紧密地连接软件到管理和控制系统,以及所执行的用户和用户愿意的服务,因此限制了虚拟数据中心操作的灵活性,例如通过紧密地连接管理系统与硬件和用户。附图1的虚拟数据中心10包括具有虚拟机12的管理配置14和用户/服务配置16,为了提高的操作灵活性,以从管理和控制系统中以及从用户和用户愿意的服务中分离软件。
通过连接管理信息到每个虚拟机12来允许匹配管理与用户、软件和硬件的通用系统,允许管理多个系统,允许在运行虚拟机12时对管理的独立改变,允许在运行时的用户、软件或硬件的独立改变,以确保管理遵守策略一致性规则28,例如环境一致性,并确保硬件遵守管理特定限制,例如由策略一致性规则28定义的策略或最大的物理限制,管理配置14提供了提高的灵活性。管理配置14可以是以标准化格式存储了管理首选项的XML文件。管理首选项到具有管理配置14的虚拟机器的连接支持通过资源使用监视器引擎30的管理器到虚拟化层的输入,以及通过全局策略引擎32的管理器到虚拟化层的输出,以避免当虚拟机运行时,在管理器对用户、软件和硬件更新中的冲突。例如,管理器配置14定义了虚拟机视图、性能、位置、优先权和权限的首选项。通过改变在管理配置中的值,当虚拟机运行时,首选项可以通过管理接口34更新。基于角色的更新提供了根据由全局策略引擎32认可的访问等级来改变管理配置值的权限。由于管理首选项被保存为虚拟机本身的一部分,虚拟机完整的可再现快照简化了若干工具的任务,例如诊断、检测点、备份、克隆、中止/恢复和退款/记账,且版本可以在管理配置中被追踪。
管理配置首选项的一个例子是环境目标,例如关于在虚拟数据中心的电源、冷却和任务平衡。由于给定的虚拟资源可能不是物理地、全局地或足够长期地存在而允许被发现、监视和管理,资源使用监视器引擎30根据环境目标管理首选项监视虚拟化运行时间,而不是直接监视硬件。资源使用监视器引擎30利用全局策略引擎32创建了反馈循环,来动态地调整服务器硬件资源22处理组件上的虚拟机器12的分配。例如,当虚拟数据中心上运行的虚拟机的负载和优先权被许可时,负载随着电源在节点的开关上的循环而平衡,以节省能量并适度地降低能量消耗。作为另一个例子,如果满足了环境约束,例如冷却,资源使用监视器引擎30分析与使用的虚拟机管理首选项相关的优先权,以使全局策略引擎32可以选择性地牺牲较低的优先权来减少冷却要求。在可选的实施例中,利用资源使用监视器引擎30和全局策略引擎32,管理首选项指导虚拟机的分配,来满足与各种策略、最小化、最大化有关的或对用户、软件或硬件的限制有关的目标。管理配置为了基于角色的安全性而在文件或子文件级被加密并被解释。
通过连接用户/服务信息到每个虚拟机12,以允许软件应用程序和用户匹配,为了确保软件遵守用户特定首选项,例如安全性,并为了确保硬件遵守用户特定首选项,例如隔离、利用和记账/退款,用户/服务配置16提供了更好的灵活性。用户/服务配置16是以标准化格式存储了用户和用户愿意的服务的首选项的XML文件。利用用户/服务配制16连接用户/服务首选项到虚拟机以支持管理器通过用户/服务接口36和服务虚拟化引擎38输入到虚拟化层。利用虚拟机关联管理配置14和用户/服务配置16提供了动态地并简单地可分配的完全自含式系统,使得虚拟机器的应用程序可以在通用硬件和用户上运行。完全自含式虚拟机表示可再现的快照来简化工具,例如诊断、检测点、备份、克隆、中止/恢复和退款/记账,并允许随时的版本变化的简化的追踪。利用服务配置从用户和用户愿意的服务中分离虚拟机以允许软件独立于用户而改变,包括当用户访问状态软件时对运行状态软件的更新。通过对用户/服务首选项的更新,例如用户视图、性能、位置、优先权和权限,更新用户。即使当用户访问软件时,通过更新用户/服务配置,更新连接用户和本地缓冲状态。
存储在用户/服务配置中的用户/服务首选项的一个例子是用于与虚拟机相关的优先权和成本的用户/服务首选项。例如,通过用户/服务接口36,用户或用户愿意的服务输入虚拟机12的价格和成本参数到用户/服务配置16中。服务虚拟化引擎38请求利用优先权和成本优选项创建虚拟机的实时运行实例,使得资源使用监视器引擎30和全局策略引擎32根据由一致性规则设定的可用容量和定价约束,调整虚拟机到服务器硬件资源22的处理组件的分配。用户/服务首选项的另一个例子是可调整的备份首选项和频率的设定以保证数据完整性,或者可调整设置安全等级以便适当限制对数据的访问。当前绑定细节在运行时间随着改变用户而被更新,并且用户状态被重新绑定到软件和软件状态。服务虚拟化可以作为来自虚拟机池和用户与用户愿意的服务池的实时运行实例的运行环境,以将虚拟机当作实用资源加以对待,包括应用程序的个人专有化。
现在参考附图2,框图描述了具有应用程序只读图像40的虚拟数据中心,其支持在它们的软件图像18中具有应用程序系统预备文件的多个虚拟机器的实时运行图像。由于虚拟机12从全局数据24调用来在服务器硬件资源22上操作,资源虚拟化引擎26读取应用程序只读图像40来启动具有应用程序只读图像40的虚拟机12,该应用程序只读图像40中添加有来自存储在软件图像18中的应用程序系统预备文件的信息。例如,应用程序只读图像40是WINDOWS操作系统的只读拷贝,其具有对每个虚拟机器的操作系统的使用来说唯一的配置信息,例如IP地址和系统名,移除了合适的工具,例如运行sysprep程序。与sysprep工具分离的应用程序唯一配置信息被存储在用户/服务配置16中,且操作系统或应用程序的版本或分类被存储在管理配置14中。因此,通过虚拟机以执行到用户/服务配置16的写,应用程序只读图像40作为全局图像,以支持在虚拟数据中心上的多虚拟机实时运行实例中系统-唯一信息的总体。
具有系统唯一信息的公用只读应用程序总体提供了简化的应用程序维护,例如通过虚拟数据中心安装应用程序的更新或补丁,或者克隆虚拟机。如附图2描述的,启动的虚拟机12具有运行在操作系统44和CPU 46上的一个或多个应用程序42。更新应用程序只读图像40由应用程序补丁管理器48执行,同样运行在虚拟机12上,虚拟机12具有应用更新或补丁到应用程序只读图像40的写权限。在应用程序补丁管理器48应用更新到应用程序只读图像40之前,运行应用程序的虚拟机或者被关闭或者被缓冲,使得在更新期间没有从应用程序只读图像40请求更新。在更新之前的应用程序的图像的缓冲允许关键的虚拟机在更新发生时持续运作。在应用程序补丁管理器48执行更新后,关闭的虚拟机被重启来运行更新的应用程序只读图像40。运行预更新应用程序的缓冲拷贝的虚拟机可以在方便的时候从更新的应用程序只读图像40重启。软件管理的单点的使用确保使用应用程序只读图像40的所有虚拟机采用较少存储资源在单操作中被更新。同样地,在由虚拟机克隆器50克隆虚拟机期间的应用程序只读图像的杠杆作用减少了执行克隆需要的时间和资源。通过利用具有应用程序系统预备文件的软件图像复制软件图像,而不复制应用程序只读图像40,复制时间可以被减少。
现在参考附图3,分层视图描述了具有公用图像的虚拟机。硬件层52具有物理硬件来支持虚拟机的实例,例如处理器和存储资源。例如,数据中心通常包括多个信息处理系统服务器,信息处理系统服务器被分配给虚拟机实例。硬件层包括共享存储器54,例如一个或多个互连的硬盘驱动器。共享存储器54存储了应用程序只读图像,应用程序只读图像被克隆来创建虚拟机12的实例。资源虚拟化层56分配硬件层52的硬件资源,以供虚拟机层58使用。在虚拟机层58上,多个虚拟机12运行为应用程序只读图像40的克隆,该图像添加有每个虚拟机12的唯一信息。应用程序补丁管理器48运作为能够访问应用程序只读图像40的虚拟机。当补丁被应用到只读图像时,应用程序补丁管理器48关闭使用只读图像的克隆的虚拟机12,应用补丁到所述只读图像,且接着再启动运行图像克隆的虚拟机12。
尽管已经详细描述了本发明,可以理解的是,这里可以进行各种变化、代替和选择,而不脱离由附加的权利要求定义的本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (20)
1. 一种维护虚拟数据中心的虚拟机的系统,该系统包括:
用于存储多个待运行的虚拟机的全局数据;
存储在所述全局数据中的多个虚拟机,每个虚拟机具有硬件配置和软件图像,所述软件图像具有至少一个应用程序系统预备文件;
存储在所述全局数据中的应用程序只读图像;
用于运行虚拟机的多个处理组件:以及
资源虚拟化引擎,其用于通过为应用程序只读图像添加应用程序系统预备文件来在处理组件上运行虚拟机实例,从而生成应用程序的实时运行实例。
2. 权利要求1的系统,其中应用程序包括操作系统。
3. 权利要求1的系统,进一步包括应用程序补丁管理器,其用于通过应用补丁到应用程序只读图像以更新具有一个或多个补丁的应用程序。
4. 权利要求3的系统,其中补丁管理器包括用于运行在处理组件上的虚拟机。
5. 权利要求3的系统,其中应用程序补丁管理器通过关闭所有访问所述只读图像的虚拟机,在只读图像上安装补丁,以及重启关闭的虚拟机来更新所述应用程序。
6. 权利要求3的系统,其中应用程序补丁管理器通过在缓冲存储器中存储应用程序的拷贝,从缓冲存储器运行一个或多个访问只读图像的虚拟机,在只读图像上安装补丁,并重启访问所述缓冲存储器的虚拟机来更新所述应用程序。
7. 权利要求1的系统,其中虚拟机进一步包括具有应用程序版本信息的管理配置。
8. 权利要求1的系统,其中虚拟机进一步包括具有与应用程序相关的安全访问信息的用户/服务配置。
9. 权利要求1的系统,其中虚拟机进一步包括可操作以在虚拟机上存储与应用程序的操作相关的系统特定信息的用户/服务配置。
10. 权利要求1的系统,进一步包括虚拟机克隆器,其用于通过拷贝应用程序系统预备文件来克隆虚拟机。
11. 一种维护虚拟数据中心的虚拟机的方法,该方法包括:
在虚拟数据中心存储应用程序的只读图像;
在虚拟数据中心存储多个虚拟机,每个虚拟机具有硬件配置和软件图像,所述软件图像具有与应用程序相关的系统预备文件;以及
通过为应用程序的只读图像添加虚拟机的系统预备文件,来生成虚拟机的实时运行实例。
12. 权利要求11的方法,其中应用程序包括操作系统。
13. 权利要求11的方法,进一步包括:
拷贝更新的补丁到应用程序的只读图像以更新该应用程序;以及
为更新的应用程序的只读图像添加虚拟机的系统预备文件,来生成那个运行更新的应用程序的虚拟机的实时运行实例。
14. 权利要求13的方法,进一步包括:
在拷贝更新的补丁之前,关闭运行应用程序的一个或多个虚拟机;以及
在拷贝更新的补丁之后,重启关闭的虚拟机。
15. 权利要求13的方法,进一步包括:
在拷贝更新的补丁之前,存储运行应用程序的一个或多个虚拟机到缓冲存储器;
在拷贝更新的补丁期间,从缓冲存储器运行虚拟机;以及
从更新的应用程序重启缓冲的虚拟机。
16. 权利要求11的方法,进一步包括:
通过拷贝系统预备文件,克隆一个或多个虚拟机。
17. 权利要求11的方法,进一步包括:
在以虚拟机存储的管理配置中,追踪与虚拟机相关的应用程序的版本。
18. 权利要求11的方法,进一步包括:
在虚拟机上生成信息以用于到应用程序的只读图像的写;以及
将生成的信息写到虚拟机的用户/服务配置中。
19. 一种虚拟机,包括:
硬件配置;
具有与应用程序相关的系统预备文件的软件图像,该系统预备文件用于添加到应用程序的只读图像,存储的只读图像与虚拟机分离;以及
用户/服务配置用于在虚拟机的实时运行实例期间接收由应用程序生成的写入。
20. 权利要求19的虚拟机,进一步包括用于存储与应用程序的只读图像更新有关的版本信息的管理配置。
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