CN100406405C - Wall scraping gypsum powder and its production process - Google Patents
Wall scraping gypsum powder and its production process Download PDFInfo
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- CN100406405C CN100406405C CNB2006101241602A CN200610124160A CN100406405C CN 100406405 C CN100406405 C CN 100406405C CN B2006101241602 A CNB2006101241602 A CN B2006101241602A CN 200610124160 A CN200610124160 A CN 200610124160A CN 100406405 C CN100406405 C CN 100406405C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides one kind of wall scraping paint with gypsum as main material and its production process. The wall scraping paint is produced with natural gypsum or chemical gypsum, water retaining agent, adhesive, retarding agent, suspending agent and calcium carbonate powder. The production process includes crushing natural gypsum or chemical gypsum to fineness smaller than 80 mesh, calcining in a kiln at 180 -400 deg.c for 2-4, mixing with water retaining agent, adhesive, retarding agent, suspending agent and calcium carbonate powder, and milling into 250-600 mesh fine powder. The wall scraping paint is scraped to wall and has excellent anticracking capacity, high waterproof property, no pollution and other advantages.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of building coating, particularly a kind of is that the interior exterior wall of main raw material is scraped wall coating and production method thereof with the terra alba.
Background technology
Traditional architecture is scraped wall coating (putty) mainly with inorganic mineral such as dry powder, talcum powder (SiO
2MgO Fe
2O
3CaO), light calcium carbonate etc. is main raw material, is filmogen with organic polymer material such as polyvinyl alcohol or resol, polypropylene, polycarbonate, poly-fluorine, unsaturated polyester resin, the putty completion of cure relies on polymer film forming.Usually the building putties cohesive strength is lower, shrinks greatly, generally only is suitable for constructing on more smooth metope, if thickness is excessive, then easy to crack, and exists operating efficiency low, and is dry slow, and long construction period needs to prepare at the construction field (site), uses inconvenient; Construction of the putty that has and toxic substance such as release formaldehyde between the usage period, construction environment is abominable, and environmental pollution is big.Some documents are mentioned and are adopted terra alba (calcium sulfate) as main raw material in recent years, consider that plaster of Paris has hydration activity, fast solidifying, cohesive strength height, good, the exquisite in texture of volume stability, satisfy the basic demand of building putties to wood property, and it is affine harmless to human body, so the research of some research units and tested with the plaster of Paris be main raw material scrape wall coating, broken through traditional architecture putty and relied in the organic polymer filmogen and to add inorganic inertia and fill out the technology mode of section, what have has obtained achievement and has applied for patent.As:
1, Chinese patent＜application number〉03117999＜notification number〉1226357＜Granted publication day〉20051109＜denomination of invention〉environment-friendly type gypsum-based construction putty powder＜applicant〉University Of Chongqing＜claim〉environment-friendly type gypsum-based construction putty powder, it is characterized in that this environment-friendly type gypsum-based construction putty powder comprises following component and weight percent: plaster of Paris 60-85, compound retarder 0.15-0.5, compound water retaining agent 3.05-1,0.2, water-soluble gelatin powder 0.1-3, filler 5-30.Wherein the component of compound retarder and weight percent are: citric acid 0.05-0.2, gelatine 0.1-0.3; The component of compound water retaining agent and weight percent are: methyl cellulose ether or TYLOSE 30000 or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether 0.05-0.2, wilkinite 3-10; Water-soluble gelatin powder is a kind of in the following water-soluble gelatin powder: modified tapioca starch, ethene one vinyl acetate between to for plastic emulsion copolymer powder, polyvinyl alcohol rubber powder, polyacrylic ester latex powder; Filler is a kind of in the following filler: talcum powder, dry powder.＜summary〉environment-friendly type gypsum-based construction putty powder belongs to material of construction, it is low that it mainly solves traditional architecture putty cohesive strength, shrink big, easy to crack, operating efficiency is low, long construction period, the problem that environmental pollution is big, technical scheme of the present invention is to be main setting and harden component with plaster of Paris, solve the plaster of Paris fast solidifying by compound retarder, the big problem of single retardant loss of strength, adopt inorganic mineral powder and ether of cellulose compound, reduce material cost, improve the water-retentivity of putty, adopt water-soluble gelatin powder to improve the cohesive strength of building putties, this environment-friendly type gypsum-based construction putty powder is the single component solid powdery, do not contain Toxic matter, have good workability short construction period, cohesive strength height, the putty surface is moist, can be used as inner wall of building putty.
2, Chinese patent, application number: CN200510033868.2.Title: gypsum inner wall powder and preparation method thereof, application (patent right) people: Zhan Muwang, address: one tunnel 8 room 301 of Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province Chikan District agricultural, summary: the invention discloses a kind of gypsum inner wall powder and preparation method thereof, to make with extra care terra alba 75-95%, talcum powder 3-15%, kaolin 1-10%, tackiness agent 0.01-0.05% and retardant 0.01-0.05% mixed, stir up to evenly cooling forming.Product of the present invention and basic unit's body of wall adhesive power are strong, do not shrink, absciss layer not, the clean exquisiteness of surface detail white light, the anti-freezing solidity can be good, quality stability is good, constructing operation is easy, it also has fire prevention, antimould and antiborer, protection against the tide, sound-insulating and heat-insulating, can construct owing to add clear water, need not add volatile organic solvent, therefore can not bring any harm to human body and environment, meet megatrend, belong to real green material, it will be the substitute of the update of traditional fan ashes, fan spachtling powder.Principal claim: 1. gypsum inner wall powder is characterized in that comprising following formulation components: count by weight percentage terra alba 75-95%, talcum powder 3-15%, kaolin 1-10%, tackiness agent 0.01-0.05%, retardant 0.01-0.05%.
3, Chinese patent＜application number〉03143154＜publication number〉1566229＜denomination of invention〉used for building exterior wall bicomponent environment-friendly type anti-crack and anti-seepage putty＜applicant〉Hiachuan Industry Co., Ltd., Shenzhen＜summary〉the present invention relates to a kind of used for building exterior wall bicomponent environment-friendly type anti-crack and anti-seepage putty, form by counting by weight percentage two components of A, B: the A component comprises the water of 50-65%, the organic high molecular polymer of 35-45%, the wetting agent of 0.3-0.6%, the defoamer of 0.3-1.1%, the freedom from cracking agent of 0.5-2.5%; The B component comprises the water-holding agent of 0.5-0.9%, the fortifying fibre of 0.6-2.0%, the white cement of 33-55%, the silica powder of 0-65%, the lime dinas of 0-25%, the terra alba of 5-14%, the active breeze of 6-25%, the wilkinite of 10-25%, the sericite in powder of 15-40%, the talcum powder of 8-25%, and the A component is A: B=1 with the ratio that cooperates of B component: 1.1～1.6.Owing to added the fortifying fibre of polymkeric substance, stopping composition and strengthening action, make the putty of producing to keep better waterproof, and can stop the variation of body of wall Yin Wendu and humidity and the be full of cracks that produces with water-fast impervious effect.
4, Chinese patent＜application number〉200410041074＜publication number〉1594462＜denomination of invention〉contain the high-strength coagulation wall surface putty of glue powder and preparation method thereof＜applicant〉Yuan Wei＜contact address〉development area, Yancheng City Nan Yang, Jiangsu Province newly collapses, and three groups of No. 38 Chen Rong in village are rich to be changeed,＜claim〉a kind of high-strength coagulation wall surface putty of glue powder that contains, it is characterized in that being made up of grog, gelling material, terra alba, talcum powder, alum, its weight ratio is a grog: gelling material: terra alba: talcum powder: alum=40～45: 4～8: 18～23: 28～32: 0.3～0.7.＜summary〉a kind of easy to use, preparation method who contains the high-strength coagulation wall surface putty of glue powder that can not crack, be convenient to suitability for industrialized production after solidifying, it is characterized in that being made up of grog, gelling material, terra alba, talcum powder, alum, its weight ratio is a grog: gelling material: terra alba: talcum powder: alum=40～45: 4～8: 18～23: 28～32: 0.3～0.7; Manufacture method comprises: the calcining of a. grog; B. the preparation of gelling material; C. be mixed; D. ball milling, it is powdered that the raw material of the gained that is mixed is sent in the ball mill ball milling; E. select powder, the powder of ball milling gained is delivered to powder separating machine select powder, obtain less than the Powdered finished product of 450 purposes.
Contain terra alba though above-mentioned document discloses the wall surface putty powder, terra alba is relatively poor without handling its condensation effect, and the gelling filmogen of the cooperation that has is undesirable, and the cost that has is higher, and popularization acquires a certain degree of difficulty.
Summary of the invention
For the metope of fundamentally avoiding the application exterior wall ftractures, peeling, shedding and quality problems such as peel off, improve the water-fast antiseepage ability of putty simultaneously, further guarantee nontoxic, the environmental protection of coating itself, the inventor has manufactured experimently a kind of wall scraping gypsum powder (body of wall brushing gypsum powder), has reached the requirement of estimating.
Wall scraping gypsum powder of the present invention is to be made by the material of following mass content:
The plaster of paris or chemical waste gypsum 50-900 part
Water-holding agent 0.1-0.8 part
Tackiness agent 0.1-0.3 part
Retardant 0.1-0.3 part
Suspension agent 1-50 part
Paris white 50-700 part
Above-mentioned said water-holding agent is selected methylcellulose gum, carboxymethyl cellulose or carboxy-propyl cellulose for use, and main effect is to prevent that coating from scraping (brush) easy peeling and dry and cracked behind the body of wall.
Above-mentioned said tackiness agent is selected modification potato class, modification cereal starch for use, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic ester or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, the perhaps mixture of above-mentioned substance; Wherein modified corn starch, modification sweet potato starch, modified potato starch, modification rice starch, the wild potato starch of modification or modification wheat-flour etc.; Described treated starch can be common starch to be added water be warmed to 90-110 ℃ and carry out gelatinization and handle, also can be with oxidation modification or cross-linking modified.The purpose of modification is that the starch group can oneself be connected, perhaps introduce some chemical based because of, react with the hydroxyl of starch, realize crosslinked action by forming fat key or ehter bond, just can improve the performance of ative starch greatly, the gel feature that comprises starch, to the associativity of moisture, to temperature variation, freeze thawing change, the stability of pH value variation and anti-shear ability etc.Concrete cross-linking modified method of modifying has had a lot of introductions at open source literature, does not need a lot of lengths to explain here.
Above-mentioned said retardant is selected tripoly phosphate sodium STPP (Na for use
5P
3O
10), borax (Na
2B
4O
710H
2O) or citric acid (C
6H
8O
7H
2O).The effect that adds retardant mainly is because brushing gypsum exists time of coagulation shorter, defectives such as poor water retention property, advantages such as so it is mixed people's plastering material, having Stability Analysis of Structures, do not ftracture, do not peel, performance is good, easy to operate.
Above-mentioned said suspension agent is selected kaolin, polymeric aluminum or attapulgite clay etc. for use, the effect that adds suspension agent mainly is because wall scraping gypsum powder is adding the terra alba generation precipitation that water has later on, cause whitewashing inhomogeneous, and the existence of suspension agent can be so that material forms easily uniform pasty product.
The making method of wall scraping gypsum powder of the present invention is: earlier the plaster of paris or chemical waste gypsum are ground into the particle below 80 orders, be put in the kiln then, in 180-400 ℃ temperature calcining 2-4 hour, burn till the back and add water-holding agent, tackiness agent, retardant according to ratio, suspension agent and Paris white, mix, and wear into 250-600 purpose fine powder, can obtain body of wall brushing gypsum powder (wall scraping gypsum powder).
The using method of wall scraping gypsum powder of the present invention is:
The wall scraping gypsum powder that above-mentioned making method is made directly dilutes with 0.5-1 clear water doubly, stir, be that available batch of grey cutter smeared on the body of wall, it is just passable to parch the back, intrinsic colour is pure white, have functional performances such as water-fast antiseepage, freedom from cracking, body of wall has other color if desired, can add pigment simultaneously when wall scraping gypsum powder adds water and just can obtain colored wall scraping gypsum powder.
Compared with prior art, wall scraping gypsum powder of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, terra alba is through after the calcination processing, and its condensation effect is good, and physical and chemical performance is strengthened greatly, uses glue less, and clear water stirs and can use.
2, prescription rationally, the calcined gypsum powder of use and other tackiness agents, retardant, suspension agent material cohesiveness is good, thick matter, fast doing, the intensity height, easily polishing, strong adhesion do not chap after dried, do not peel off.
3, do not use poisonous irritant solvents such as benzene, formaldehyde, ammonia, to human body and environmental nonpollution, if production process is controlled the flue gas of kiln well, without any pollutant emissions such as waste water and dregs yet.
4, good waterproof performance is specially adapted to south, because southern climates is often rainy, moist, the body of wall that whitewashes with common putty powder gets damp easily, and is mouldy, and used wall scraping gypsum powder of the present invention this phenomenon can not occur.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1000 kilograms the plasters of paris or chemical waste gypsum are ground into particle below 80 orders, be put in the kiln then, in 180-230 ℃ temperature calcining 4 hours, burn till the back and add water-holding agent methylcellulose gum 5-6 kilogram, tackiness agent modified corn starch 3-10 kilogram, retardant citric acid 2-5 kilogram, 500 kilograms of suspension agent kaolin 2-10 kilogram and Paris whites, mix, and wear into 300 purpose fine powders, can obtain the wall scraping gypsum powder product.
Embodiment 2
1000 kilograms the plasters of paris or chemical waste gypsum are ground into particle below 80 orders, be put in the kiln then, in 250-300 ℃ temperature calcining 3 hours, burn till the back and add water-holding agent carboxymethyl cellulose 2-5 kilogram, adhesive polyethylene alcohol 2-5 kilogram, retardant tripoly phosphate sodium STPP 3-7 kilogram, 300 kilograms of suspension agent kaolin 2-10 kilogram and Paris whites, mix, and wear into 350 purpose fine powders, can obtain the wall scraping gypsum powder product.
Embodiment 3
1000 kilograms the plasters of paris or chemical waste gypsum are ground into particle below 80 orders, be put in the kiln then, in 230-320 ℃ temperature calcining 3 hours, burn till the back and add water-holding agent carboxy-propyl cellulose 2-5 kilogram, tackiness agent polyacrylic ester 3-10 kilogram, retardant borax 5-10 kilogram, 600 kilograms of suspension agent attapulgite clay 20-50 kilogram and Paris whites, mix, and wear into 400 purpose fine powders, can obtain the wall scraping gypsum powder product.
Embodiment 4
1000 kilograms the plasters of paris or chemical waste gypsum are ground into particle below 80 orders, be put in the kiln then, in 300-400 ℃ temperature calcining 2.5 hours, burn till the back and add water-holding agent carboxymethyl cellulose 2-5 kilogram, tackiness agent polyacrylic ester 2-5, polyvinyl alcohol 2-6 kilogram, retardant tripoly phosphate sodium STPP 4-7 kilogram, 350 kilograms of suspension agent kaolin 100-150 kilogram and Paris whites mix, and wear into 500-600 purpose fine powder, can obtain the wall scraping gypsum powder product.
Embodiment 5
1000 kilograms the plasters of paris or chemical waste gypsum are ground into particle below 80 orders, be put in the kiln then, in 320-400 ℃ temperature calcining 2 hours, burn till the back and add water-holding agent carboxy-propyl cellulose 2-5 kilogram, tackiness agent modification rice starch 5-10 kilogram, retardant citric acid 2-5 kilogram, 300 kilograms of suspension agent polymeric aluminum 20-50 kilogram and Paris whites, mix, and wear into 450 purpose fine powders, can obtain the wall scraping gypsum powder product.
Embodiment 6
1000 kilograms the plasters of paris or chemical waste gypsum are ground into particle below 80 orders, be put in the kiln then, in 220-280 ℃ temperature calcining 3.5 hours, burn till the back and add water-holding agent methylcellulose gum 2-5 kilogram, tackiness agent ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer 10-20 kilogram modified potato starch 10-25, retardant citric acid 2-7 kilogram, 500 kilograms of 100 kilograms of suspension agent attapulgite clays and Paris whites, mix, and wear into 300-500 purpose fine powder, can obtain the wall scraping gypsum powder product.
Embodiment 7
1000 kilograms the plasters of paris or chemical waste gypsum are ground into particle below 80 orders, be put in the kiln then, in 250-300 ℃ temperature calcining 3 hours, burn till the back and add water-holding agent carboxymethyl cellulose 3-5 kilogram, adhesive polyethylene alcohol 5-8 kilogram, retardant tripoly phosphate sodium STPP 3-5 kilogram, 200 kilograms of suspension agent kaolin 30-100 kilogram and Paris whites, yellow or light green building pigment 0.5-1 kilogram mix, and wear into 350 purpose fine powders, obtain coloured wall scraping gypsum powder product.
Wall scraping gypsum powder product of the present invention is transferred to provincial product quality supervision and testing institute and is detected, and measures according to JC/T519-1993 (brushing gypsum) standard, detects following 3 altogether:
1. time of coagulation
Earlier powder-like product is added water, observe its time of coagulation, recording the presetting period is 1 hour 14 minutes, and final setting time is 1 hour 26 minutes, (standard value is the presetting period: 〉=1 hour, and final setting time :≤8 hours), product is qualified.
2, folding strength
Powder-like product is added water, whitewash the surface at 0.3 square metre portland cement concrete brick, its folding strength was measured in dry back in 24 hours, and the result is 1.8Mpa, and (standard value is: acceptable end product: 〉=1.5Mpa; Premium grads 〉=2.5Mpa), product has reached more than the acceptable end product.
3, ultimate compression strength
Powder-like product is added water, whitewash the surface at 0.3 square metre portland cement concrete brick, its ultimate compression strength was measured in dry back in 24 hours, and the result is 5.8Mpa, and (standard value is: acceptable end product: 〉=3.0Mpa; Premium grads 〉=4.0Mpa).Product has reached more than the premium grads.
Practical application effect
1, Guangdong Province * * the office building, in December, 2004 building is finished 2 buildings, No. 1 the building all adopts this in interior wall The wall scraping gypsum powder product of invention is scraped wall, and No. 2 the building adopts common powder of lacquer putty for use on (dry powder) to scrape wall, and 2 buildings are built side by side, Summer in 2005 had a humid climate, the metope generation mildew in No. 2 building, and mildew phenomena does not take place in No. 1 building.
2, the inventor oneself added water with powder product in 2003, whitewashed the inner wall in own office, office's inner wall Another side adopt common powder of lacquer putty for use on (dry powder) to scrape wall, every intermittent drizzles in the rainy season seasons, adopt common powder of lacquer putty for use on (dry powder) to scrape wall Body of wall always ooze out the globule in the surface, and the aspect product surface drying of oneself, the no globule.
Claims (3)
1. wall scraping gypsum powder, it is characterized in that: it is to be made by the material of following mass content:
The plaster of paris or chemical waste gypsum 50-900 part;
Water-holding agent 0.1-0.8 part;
Tackiness agent 0.1-0.3 part;
Retardant 0.1-0.3 part;
Suspension agent 1-50 part;
Paris white 50-700 part;
Described water-holding agent is selected methylcellulose gum, carboxymethyl cellulose or carboxy-propyl cellulose for use;
Described tackiness agent is selected the potato starch of modification or the cereal starch of modification for use, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic ester or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, the perhaps mixture of above-mentioned substance;
Described retardant is selected tripoly phosphate sodium STPP, borax or citric acid for use;
Described suspension agent is selected kaolin, attapulgite clay or polymeric aluminum for use.
2. wall scraping gypsum powder according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the potato class of described modification or cereal starch are modified corn starch, modification sweet potato starch, modified potato starch, modification rice starch, the wild potato starch of modification or modification wheat-flour; Treated starch is common starch to be added water be warmed to 90-110 ℃ and carry out gelatinization and handle, and perhaps adopts oxidation modification or cross-linked modification method modification.
3. the making method of a wall scraping gypsum powder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: earlier the plaster of paris or chemical waste gypsum are ground into the particle below 80 orders, be put into then in the kiln,, burn till the back and add water-holding agent according to ratio in 180-400 ℃ temperature calcining 2-4 hour, tackiness agent, retardant, suspension agent and Paris white mix, and wear into 250-600 purpose fine powder, obtain the wall scraping gypsum powder product.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101241602A CN100406405C (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | Wall scraping gypsum powder and its production process |
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| CNB2006101241602A CN100406405C (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | Wall scraping gypsum powder and its production process |
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| CN1974470A CN1974470A (en) | 2007-06-06 |
| CN100406405C true CN100406405C (en) | 2008-07-30 |
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| CN105130358A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-12-09 | 常州市长宇实用气体有限公司 | Method for producing gypsum plaster through desulfurization gypsum |
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| CN107915457A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-04-17 | 常州创索新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the antibacterial ceiling tile materials of water proof type |
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2006
- 2006-12-12 CN CNB2006101241602A patent/CN100406405C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1454945A (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2003-11-12 | 重庆大学 | Environmental-protection type gypsum-based putty powder for building |
| CN1594462A (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2005-03-16 | 袁伟 | Glue containing high strength concrete wall putty powder and method for making same |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103011754A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-04-03 | 常州大学 | High-strength high-performance concrete |
| US10737979B2 (en) | 2017-04-20 | 2020-08-11 | United States Gypsum Company | Gypsum set accelerator and method of preparing same |
| CN108083750A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-29 | 应城市嘉鸿技术服务科技有限公司 | A kind of land plaster of wall smearing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1974470A (en) | 2007-06-06 |
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