CN100399629C - Curve intelligent antenna array and method for optimizing its structural parameter - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a curve-shaped intelligent antenna array and a method for optimizing structural parameters of the antenna array. When the coverage of sectors is realized, the requirement of an intelligent antenna technology is satisfied in a maximum way. Antenna units are arranged on a curves (an arc line, a fold line, etc.). The initial shape of the curve and the initial positions of the antenna units on the curve are given, a rectilinear distance between the two neighboring antenna units in the antenna array satisfies a condition 1, and each antenna unit on the curve satisfies an effective radiation condition 2. A minimum variance obtaining method is used for simultaneously adjusting the structural parameters of the antenna array and beam recontour parameters W (n). The conditions 1 and 2 are satisfied, and variances are obtained. When the variances satisfy the preset requirement, the obtained structural parameters of the antenna array and the W (n) are output. When the variances do not satisfy the preset requirement, the initial values of the structural parameters are adjusted again, a minimum variance obtaining method is used again for searching the structural parameters of the antenna array and the W (n), and finally, the locally optimal solution of the W (n) and the structural parameters of the antenna array is obtained on a principle of obtaining minimum variances.

Description

A kind of shaped form smart antenna array and optimize the method for its structural parameters

Technical field

The present invention relates to the smart antenna array technology in the cell mobile communication systems, relate to design and realize having the method for the smart antenna array that the sector covers or rather.

Background technology

In the peak of applying intelligent antenna cellular mobile communication system, generally be in wireless base station equipped with smart antenna battle array, this antenna array can transmit and receive signal with following two kinds of shaped-beams: a kind of is the shaped-beam of fixing, as omnidirectional, band shape or fan-shaped shaped-beam, this wave beam forming mode is mainly used in the omnidirectional's information that sends, for example broadcasting or paging information etc.; Another kind is dynamic shaped-beam, and this wave beam is mainly used in follows the tracks of the user, sends information to specific user, as user's data, signaling etc.

As everyone knows, the radiation of power figure of antenna array is to be determined by factors such as the amplitude of the characteristic of the geometry arrangement of a plurality of antenna elements that constitute antenna array, each antenna element and each antenna element feed and phase places.The patent No. is in 00103547.9 the Chinese patent, and ring-shaped intelligent antenna array is used in the base station, covers with the omnidirectional that reaches on horizontal plane.This patented technology under the situation of determining antenna array shape (spacing of antenna element is the perimeter antenna array of half-wavelength), proposes a kind of according to actual conditions by adjusting n antenna element the feed amplitude and the method for any wave beam forming of phase place realization antenna array.Promptly use A (φ) expression to wish the form parameter of the shaped-beam that obtains, promptly required coverage, wherein φ represents the polar angle of point of observation, A (φ) is the radiation intensity of φ direction under same distance.If the antenna element number of looping intelligent antenna array is N, wherein the location parameter of any antenna element n is D (n), its feed amplitude and current feed phase can be represented with parameter W (n), this W (n) is called as the wave beam forming parameter, can represent W (n) with two kinds of forms: a kind of is the form that adopts real part and imaginary part, be W (n)=R (n)+jI (n), wherein R (n) is a real part, and I (n) is an imaginary part; Another kind is the form of amplitude and phase place, i.e. W (n)=Ae ^{J φ (n)}, wherein A is an amplitude, φ (n) is a phase place.

The radiant power at deflection φ place is P, and the promptly actual coverage that reaches is expressed as: $P\left(\mathrm{\φ}\right)={|\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}f(\mathrm{\φ},D\left(n\right))\×W\left(n\right)|}^2.$ Wherein the functional form of f (φ, D (n)) is relevant with the type of smart antenna array.Adopt the minimum variance algorithm, can make variance ε minimum in the following formula, thereby obtain the local optimum under the minimum variance meaning:

$\mathrm{\ϵ}=\frac{1}{K}\underset{i=1}{\overset{K}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{|P{\left(\mathrm{\φ}\right)}^{1/2}-A\left(\mathrm{\φ}\right)|}^2\×C\left(i\right)---\left(1\right)$

Wherein K is the sampled point number when adopting approach method, and C (i) is a weight, and its expression is to the approximation ratio of different mining sampling point.

But in the present mobile communication network, in order to reduce base station engineering cost and raising capacity, be that requirement realizes that the sector covers more, be about to horizontal plane and be divided into two, three, four even six sectors for 360 °, like this, the antenna that the sector that correspondingly requires design to have 180 °/120 °/90 °/60 ° covers, 12,13,14 and 15 during arrange the cellular mobile communication sub-district as shown in accompanying drawing 1.The sub-district of 360 ° of coverings of 11,16,17 expressions among the figure.

To having the antenna array of sector coverage property, though employed single directional antenna has been ripe product at present, these products can only provide fixing radiation direction figure, and dynamic shaped-beam can not be provided; Though and ring-shaped intelligent antenna array can provide the sector covering power, the problem little, serious interference that gains is arranged but.Therefore need a kind of smart antenna array of redesign, make it not only have the sector covering power but also dynamic shaped-beam can be provided.Though use the uniform straight line array row can satisfy above-mentioned requirements, the gain of dynamic shaped-beam in the sector that it provides is inhomogeneous.

Referring to Fig. 2, be example with 120 degree sectors 21, when using the constant amplitude feed, its center, sector 22 generally differs 5～7 decibels with the gain of sector-edge 23.Therefore evenly the straight line smart antenna array generally is applied in the not high environment of wave beam forming gain uniformity requirement.

For general cell mobile communication systems, when the base station is positioned at the hexagonal cell center and adopts the cell splitting technology, its 60 degree sectors 24 that split off are the fan-shaped of standard, and promptly center, sector 25 solstics A are to the distance R and sector-edge 26 solstics B, the C distance identical (being R) to base station O of base station O.Satisfy certain uniformity with regard to the shaped-beam that requires smart antenna array (O position) to provide this moment, make the shaped-beam gain that provides for center, sector solstics A gain identical with the shaped-beam that provides for sector-edge solstics B, C, guarantee that the user under the same distance can both receive this wave beam, yet uniform straight line array is listed at this moment and can't satisfies this requirement.

Concerning a desirable smart antenna array with sector coverage property, except sector covering and dynamic beam figuration requirement are uniformly arranged, in order to improve system effectiveness, also require each antenna element of this smart antenna array of composition identical, and, when fan-shaped fixed beam and directed shaped-beam were provided, the transmitted power level of each antenna element was identical.After the antenna array physical dimension was determined, the variable that forms different shaped-beams only was the current feed phase that changes each antenna element.In addition, wish that also this antenna array has than higher antenna array gain and lower manufacturing cost.Up to now, also do not satisfy the method for designing of above-mentioned requirements, more do not have this series products.

In sum, in cell mobile communication systems, the general at present capacity that adopts the cell splitting technology to increase the sub-district keeps site density constant in other words when increasing the base station, thereby has not only improved capacity but also reduced engineering cost.For the cell mobile communication systems of single antenna, such as gsm system, general directed single antenna or the aerial array of adopting realizes that the sector covers.The angle that covers from the sector, ripe at present single directional antenna product can only provide fixing radiation direction figure, and dynamic shaped-beam can not be provided; Though ring-shaped intelligent antenna array can provide the sector covering power, be faced with the problem little, serious interference that gains; Though uniform linear array can provide dynamic shaped-beam, do not reach the requirement of desirable intelligent antenna array, its dynamic shaped-beam that provides gains inhomogeneous in the sector.Though can the constant amplitude feed reduce this inhomogeneities by using not, the waste transmitting power is arranged, reduce the problem of system effectiveness.For the cell mobile communication systems that uses intelligent antenna technology, such as the TD-SCDMA system, then must design a kind of can either the applying intelligent antenna technology, can realize the antenna array that the sector covers again.

Summary of the invention

An object of the present invention is to design a kind of shaped form smart antenna array, make this kind antenna array have the ability of sector covering and dynamic beam figuration simultaneously, and can satisfy requirement to the full extent smart antenna array.

Another object of the present invention is the method for a kind of optimal curve shape smart antenna array structural parameters of design, and through adjustment process constantly, the final acquisition covers part (non-globally optimal solution) optimum that wave beam forming matches with the sector that requires.

The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is such: a kind of shaped form smart antenna array, comprise N antenna element, the radiation of power directional diagram of each antenna element be oriented to divergent shape or parallel, it is characterized in that:

The geometry arrangement of the described antenna array that is made of N antenna element becomes curve, forms the sector and covers; Air line distance in the antenna array between adjacent two antenna elements satisfies less than operation wavelength and is greater than or equal to the condition 1 of 1/2 operation wavelength; The radiant power of each antenna element satisfies effective radiation condition 2 that can effectively enter sector coverage, do not blocked by other antenna element in this antenna array on the curve.

The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention still is such: a kind of method of optimal curve shape smart antenna array structural parameters comprises: the geometry arrangement of given antenna element number N and definite N antenna element, determine the antenna array structural parameters; With the progressively approach method acquisition wave beam forming parameter of trying to achieve minimum variance and the locally optimal solution of antenna array structural parameters, it is characterized in that:

The geometry arrangement of described definite N antenna element is by a curved arrangement N antenna element;

Described usefulness is tried to achieve the progressively approach method acquisition wave beam forming parameter of minimum variance and the locally optimal solution of antenna array structural parameters, comprising:

1). the initial value of the structural parameters of given curve shape antenna array, promptly determine the initial position of each antenna element on curve, make the distance that satisfies between adjacent antenna units more than or equal to 1/2 operation wavelength simultaneously less than the condition 1 of operation wavelength with satisfy effective radiation condition 2 that the radiant power of each antenna element can effectively enter sector coverage, do not blocked by other antenna in this antenna array;

2) according to prior given antenna array structural parameters and the initial value and adjustment precision of wave beam forming parameter W (n), adjust the value of antenna array structural parameters and wave beam forming parameter W (n) simultaneously, use the minimum variance approach method to seek the locally optimal solution of structural parameters and W (n), and the variance ε of record wave beam forming figure and target figuration figure;

3) if variance ε satisfies predetermined requirement, and the antenna array structural parameters that obtain satisfy condition 1 and condition 2, output step 2) the antenna array arrangement mode of determining in and the wave beam forming parameter W (n) of local optimum reset the initial value of antenna array structural parameters and wave beam forming parameter W (n) and/or adjust precision otherwise return step 1).

Described step 2) further comprise:

21). adjustment base value and in advance given adjustment precision according to the antenna array structural parameters that obtain in advance given antenna array structural parameters initial value or the subsequent step are adjusted the structural parameters of antenna array, and the structural parameters that guarantee antenna array satisfy condition 1 and condition 2;

22). adjust the wave beam forming parameter W (n) of antenna array according to the adjustment base value of the wave beam forming parameter W (n) that obtains in the initial value of in advance given wave beam forming parameter W (n) or the subsequent step, in advance given adjustment precision;

23). according to step 21) and 22) in the structural parameters and the wave beam forming parameter W (n) of the antenna array determined, calculate the variance of this antenna array, and compare with pre-determined variance reference value, if variance greater than or or equal the variance reference value, then write down this variance reference value and keep minimum number of times, if this number of times surpasses pre-determined threshold value, then enter step 3), otherwise return step 21); If less than the variance reference value, then replace former variance reference value with the variance of newly calculating, with step 21) and 22) the antenna array structural parameters determined and wave beam forming parameter W (n) be as new adjustment base value, to there be record variance reference value to keep the counter O reset of minimum number, and return step 21).

When system design, if there is clear and definite requirement in system to variance ε, ε≤ε ' for example, ε ' is the target variance, then described step 2) further comprise:

21). adjust the structural parameters of antenna array according to the adjustment base value of the antenna array structural parameters that obtain in advance given antenna array structural parameters initial value or the subsequent step, in advance given adjustment precision, and the structural parameters that guarantee antenna array satisfy condition 1 and condition 2;

22). adjust the wave beam forming parameter W (n) of antenna array according to the adjustment base value of the wave beam forming parameter W (n) that obtains in the initial value of in advance given wave beam forming parameter W (n) or the subsequent step, in advance given adjustment precision;

24). according to step 21) and 22) in the structural parameters and the wave beam forming parameter W (n) of the antenna array determined, calculate the variance of this antenna array, and compare with pre-determined variance desired value, if variance is less than or equal to the variance desired value, then writes down this variance and enter step 3); If variance is greater than the variance desired value, then further variance and pre-determined variance reference value are compared, if variance is greater than or equal to the variance reference value, then write down this variance reference value and keep minimum number of times, if this number of times surpasses pre-determined threshold value, then enter step 3), otherwise return step 21), if variance is less than the variance reference value, then replace former variance reference value with the variance of newly calculating, with step 21) and step 22) the antenna array structural parameters determined and wave beam forming parameter W (n) be as new adjustment base value, record variance reference value is kept the counter O reset of minimum number, and returns step 21).

The present invention proposes a kind of shaped form smart antenna array structure and optimizes the method for these shaped form smart antenna array structural parameters, has utilized asking minimum variance, progressively approach the method for adjustment of the wave beam forming parameter locally optimal solution of target requirement in 00103547.9 Chinese patent.

The geometry arrangement of the antenna element that the present invention provides becomes the antenna array structure of curve, and curve comprises camber line and broken line etc., has the ability of sector covering and dynamic beam figuration simultaneously, and can satisfy the requirement of smart antenna array to the full extent.Wherein curve shape is not had and explicitly call for, should satisfy the distributing position of antenna element on curve: each antenna element spacing is greater than or equal to 1/2 wavelength less than operation wavelength, with the requirement of satisfying effective condition of radiation, the antenna pattern of each antenna element points to and to disperse or parallel in the antenna array.

The present invention adopts the minimum variance approach method to optimize antenna array structural parameters and wave beam forming parameter simultaneously, and this method is applicable to the antenna array structure that arbitrary curve is arranged.In shaped form smart antenna array of the present invention, the arrangement of all antenna elements can be uniform, also can be heterogeneous, the arrangement of all antenna elements can be symmetrical, also can be asymmetric, the normalization radiation direction figure of each antenna element can be identical, also can be different.

The present invention provides a kind of shaped form smart antenna array, the antenna element that constitutes antenna array is arranged in shaped form, shape by adjusting this curve, antenna element position and the feed parameter of each antenna element size and the shape of determining this smart antenna array overlay area on curve, make under the principle of minimum variance, the structural parameters of antenna array and shaped-beam obtain and the local optimum result who requires to match, make this shaped form smart antenna array both can realize that the sector covers, and can satisfy the requirement to smart antenna array again to greatest extent.

The present invention adjusts the structural parameters and the described wave beam forming parameter of curve pattern simultaneously as described Minimum Variance method parameter, when reaching the adjustment number of times of setting, thereby progressively approach target requirement and finally obtain local optimum antenna array structural parameters and the wave beam forming parameter.

Shaped form smart antenna array of the present invention is compared with even rectilinear smart antenna array, curved smart antenna array can be under the situation of constant amplitude feed, the wave beam forming and the assurance that realize different directions in the sector have good homogeneous, have improved system effectiveness.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a cellular mobile communication sub-district arrangement architecture schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 is the sector strucre schematic diagram when adopting the cell splitting technology;

Fig. 3 is the present invention's structural representation during inhomogeneous arrangement antenna element on camber line;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that shaped form smart antenna array of the present invention satisfies effective radiation condition requirement;

Fig. 5 is the non-homogeneous circular arc smart antenna array structural representation that 120 degree sectors of the present invention cover;

Fig. 6 is the effective radiation condition schematic diagram of non-homogeneous circular arc smart antenna array that 120 degree sectors of the present invention cover;

Fig. 7 is the FB(flow block) that the minimum variance approach method of employing fixed step size of the present invention is determined circular arc smart antenna array parameter;

Fig. 8 is the diagram of 120 ° of sector coverage goal function requirement A (φ);

Fig. 9 has 120 ° of sectors smart antenna radiation direction figure when covering;

Figure 10 is the wave beam forming figure of 0 degree direction;

Figure 11 is the wave beam forming figure of 20 degree directions;

Figure 12 is the wave beam forming figure of 40 degree directions;

Figure 13 is the wave beam forming figure of 60 degree directions;

Figure 14 the present invention is the structural representation when symmetry but inhomogeneous arrangement antenna element on broken line.

Embodiment

A desirable smart antenna array with sector coverage property, at first, require it to have desirable radiating pattern, promptly by adjusting the feed amplitude and the current feed phase of each antenna element in the antenna array, can either provide fan-shaped fixed beam that directed dynamically shaped-beam also can be provided, and require dynamic shaped-beam to satisfy certain uniformity; Secondly in order to make system effectiveness the highest, also require each antenna element radiation direction figure of this smart antenna array of composition identical, and, when fan-shaped fixed beam and directed dynamically shaped-beam are provided, the transmitted power level of each antenna element is identical, promptly after the antenna array physical dimension is determined, only change the current feed phase of each antenna element, just can form different shaped-beams.

At above-mentioned requirement to the desirable smart antenna array with sector coverage property, the present invention has provided the shaped form smart antenna array, and the optimize structure method of parameter of this antenna array.

Provide a kind of shaped form smart antenna array among Fig. 3 by the technical solution of the present invention design.On a curve 31, arranging these antenna unit 32 unevenly, (position of each antenna element 32 can be with its coordinate position (x, y) expression) to constitute a two-dimensional array.

Under normal conditions, it is symmetrical that needed antenna covers, so antenna element is distributed on the curve 31 of a symmetry symmetrically.When each antenna element 32 is identical, the structural parameters that antenna element has be its coordinate position (x, y) with and the sensing 34 (representing with angle δ among the figure) of antenna pattern shape.The sensing δ that generally requires each antenna element radiation direction figure in the antenna array is that disperse or parallel.33 are arrival bearing's (representing with angle φ among the figure) in the diagram.

Selected antenna element should have directed radiation direction figure, and the width of its radiation direction figure (radiation of power) decline 3dB should be not less than the needed fixedly covering of designed antenna array beamwidth.Because the design of antenna element has had a large amount of ripe theories and product, so be the process of a selection.In general, the antenna pattern of antenna element has determined the maximum magnitude of beam scanning, and for collinear array, the antenna pattern of its each antenna element points to identical; And for the shaped form antenna array, the antenna pattern of its each antenna element points to be dispersed, the expansion that the old friend is the maximum magnitude of beam scanning, thereby guaranteed that use shaped form antenna array can provide more uniform dynamic beam figuration gain.

Different with ring-shaped intelligent antenna array is, after definite antenna element number N, the shaped form smart antenna array needs further to determine its structural parameters, but generally the shape of curve is not had clear and definite requirement.Because antenna element is arranged on the curve, so compare with line array, when the antenna element spacing remained unchanged, the bore of shaped form smart antenna array diminished.So,, need to increase the spacing between the antenna element, thereby effectively guarantee figuration gain in order to guarantee the bore identical with collinear array for the shaped form smart antenna array.Promptly require to satisfy following condition (1):

$\mathrm{\&lambda;}/2\&le;\underset{m=1\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;N-1}{\min }\left(d\left(m\right)\right)\&le;\underset{m=1\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;N-1}{\max }\left(d\left(m\right)\right)<\mathrm{\&lambda;}$ (condition 1)

D (m) wherein, (m=1 ... N-1), be the air line distance between adjacent two antennas, i.e. antenna distance, N is the antenna element number, and λ is an operation wavelength, and antenna element spacing maximum can not surpass λ, and antenna element spacing minimum can not be lower than λ/2.

Except requirement to the antenna element spacing, in order to make full use of the radiation intensity that all antenna elements have, the radiant power that should as far as possible guarantee all antenna elements can both effectively enter the coverage of sector, and is not blocked by other antennas, and this requirement is called as effective radiation condition.With curve antenna array shown in Figure 4 is example explanation this effective radiation condition: the angle that requires the line (as 46,47) of any two antenna elements 42 on the curve 41 and sector center position 43 is (as ω 1, ω 2) be greater than or equal to the angle of the same side sector-edge direction (as 44,45) and sector center position 43 (as θ 1, θ 2) (among Fig. 4, ω 1＞θ 1, ω 2=θ 2).Wherein the same side is meant the line of any two antenna elements 42 and the same side that the sector-edge direction is positioned at the sector center position, 46 and 44 right sides that are positioned at the sector center position among the figure, and 47 and 45 are positioned at the left side of sector center position.Effectively radiation condition requires ω ₁〉=θ ₁And ω ₂〉=θ ₂

The fan section intelligent antenna battle array need provide the sector to cover the dynamic shaped-beam of wave beam and directed towards user simultaneously, in general, the structural parameters of determining the fan section intelligent antenna battle array both can adopt the requirement that covers wave beam for the sector, also can adopt requirement for dynamic shaped-beam, but because the dynamic shaped-beam parameter of directed towards user is generally dynamically provided by beamforming algorithm, and to general the no clear and definite requirement of the shape of its shaped-beam, so the structure parameter optimizing method of shaped form smart antenna array provided by the invention is to carry out under the prerequisite that sector covering wave beam requires guaranteeing.

The present invention has used for reference by disclosed method of progressively approaching necessary requirement under the minimum variance principle in the Chinese patent 00103547.9, approaches the requirement that the sector covers wave beam.But different with 00103547.9 patent is: the optimization method that the present invention adopts not only will be adjusted the wave beam forming parameter W (n) of each antenna element, but also to constantly adjust the structural parameters of this shaped form smart antenna array, cover in the wave beam requirement thereby under the minimum variance principle, approach the sector, can obtain the structural parameters of a local optimum of this shaped form smart antenna array.Why to constantly adjust and optimize the structural parameters of shaped form smart antenna array, be because for a definite shaped form antenna array, because a restriction of battle array itself, and the defective of minimum variance approach method, can't find the result of local optimum probably.

In general, find the solution curve smart antenna array structural parameters locally optimal solution, can adopt following first method, concrete steps are:

(1) given antenna element number N;

(2) arrangement mode (geometric parameter or the structural parameters that also claim antenna array) of given a kind of antenna element on curve promptly determined the shape and the position of each antenna element on curve of curve, need satisfy condition 1 and effective radiation condition 2;

(3) according to the initial value and adjustment precision of in advance given wave beam forming parameter W (n), constantly adjust the value of wave beam forming parameter W (n), use the minimum variance approach method to seek the locally optimal solution of W (n), and record variance ε;

(4) if the variance ε of wave beam forming figure and target figuration figure satisfies pre-provisioning request, then export the wave beam forming parameter W (n) of determined the sort of antenna array arrangement mode in the step (2) and local optimum, otherwise still return step (2), redefine the arrangement mode of a kind of antenna element on curve, re-use the locally optimal solution that the minimum variance approach method of describing in (3) is sought W (n).

What said method adopted when finding the solution the structural parameters of antenna array is the method for exhaustion, though can progressively dwindle the evaluation scope according to the variation of variance obtains time figure of merit (meaning of the inferior figure of merit is: because the manual method of exhaustion is perfect inadequately, though can obtain to satisfy separating of pre-determined variance, but variance is not minimum), but its amount of calculation is still too big.

The present invention provides a kind of improved Minimum Variance method, i.e. the parameter that the structural parameters of curve battle array and wave beam forming parameter W (n) are adjusted as Minimum Variance method simultaneously.This method is constantly adjusted the structural parameters and the wave beam forming parameter W (n) of aerial array according to the actual requirements, make antenna array reach required sector and cover wave beam forming, can in limited scope, obtain antenna array structural parameters and wave beam forming parameter fast, obtain the local optimum effect.Concrete steps are:

(1) given antenna element number N;

(2) initial value of given antenna array structural parameters is promptly determined a kind of antenna element in the arrangement mode on the curve (shape of curve and the antenna element position on curve), and satisfies condition 1 and effective radiation condition 2;

(3) according to prior given antenna array structural parameters and the initial value and adjustment precision of wave beam forming parameter W (n), constantly adjust the value of antenna array structural parameters and wave beam forming parameter W (n) simultaneously, use the minimum variance approach method to seek the locally optimal solution of structural parameters and W (n), and record variance ε;

(4) if the variance ε of wave beam forming figure and target figuration figure satisfies predetermined requirement, and the structural parameters that obtain satisfy condition 1 and effective radiation condition, export the antenna array arrangement mode definite in the step (3) and the wave beam forming parameter W (n) of local optimum so, otherwise return the value that step (2) resets antenna array structural parameters and wave beam forming parameter W (n).If repeatedly adjust and all do not obtain locally optimal solution, can reset initial value and the precision of structural parameters and wave beam forming parameter W (n), re-use the locally optimal solution that the minimum variance approach method of describing in the step (3) is sought structural parameters and W (n).

Be embodiment to optimize the circular array that satisfies 120 degree sectors coverings below, provide determining and optimization method of concrete selection antenna element, structural parameters.

At first select antenna element.The antenna element that constitutes in the aerial array with sector covering power should have directed radiation direction figure, and in order to save cost, the half-wave dipole of selecting here to have omnidirectional radiation adds the basic radiating element of conducting plane (reflecting plate) formation.Suppose this conducting plane infinity (being convenient to theory analysis), distance between half-wave dipole and the conducting plane is 1/4 wavelength, original like this omnidirectional antenna units and mirror image effect thereof just can be formed a binary battle array that constant amplitude is reverse, its normalized radiation pattern function in horizontal plane can be used f (φ) expression, and φ is arrival bearing.

Determine the structural parameters of shaped form antenna array then.As shown in Figure 5.Suppose that the antenna element number is N (N=8), each antenna element 53 is inhomogeneous but be arranged in symmetrically on one section circular arc line 51, and antenna element 53 is 1/4 wavelength with beeline between the metal arc plate 52 (being conducting plane, reflecting plate).Φ is arrival bearing 54.

The circular arc line radius of camber line shape battle array is R, and the angle between adjacent two antennas is α (m), m=1 ... N-1, the spacing between adjacent two antennas is d (m), m=1 ... N-1, the figuration parameter of every antenna is W (n), n=1 ... N.Suppose that this moment, metal arc plate 52 all can be thought infinitely great conducting plane with respect to arbitrary antenna element 53, so the radiation direction figure of every antenna element all will be identical with f (φ), but because the position difference on each antenna element place curve, the expression formula of the pattern function of every antenna element is all different in same coordinate system so, and it can be expressed as arrival bearing φ and β _nFunction: f _n(φ, β _n), n=1 ... N.β wherein _nBe the angle of each antenna element and φ=0 direction, it is the function of α (m).In coordinate system shown in Figure 5, the β above the x axle _nFor just, the β below the x axle _nFor negative.

Separate in twos in angle α (m) between the radius R of circular arc line, adjacent two antennas, three groups of parameters of spacing d (m), can choosing wherein arbitrarily, two groups of structural parameters as camber line shape antenna array are optimized.Be without loss of generality, present embodiment is chosen the radius R, the angle α (m) between adjacent two antennas of the circular arc structural parameters as antenna array, and this moment, the spacing of two antenna elements can be expressed as $d\left(m\right)=2\&CenterDot;R\&CenterDot;\sin \left(\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}\left(m\right)}{2}\right).$ The entire antenna battle array is that the radiation power value of φ can be expressed as to the arrival bearing angle so:

$P\left(\mathrm{\&phi;}\right)={|\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{g}_n(\mathrm{\&phi;},R,\mathrm{\&alpha;}\left(m\right))\&CenterDot;W\left(n\right)|}^2---\left(2\right)$

Wherein for camber line shape antenna array:

g _n(φ，R，α(m))＝exp(j·2·π·R/λ·cos(β _n-φ))·f _n(φ，β _n)(3)

In the formula (3), f _n(φ, β _n) be the pattern function of each antenna element, β _nBe the function of α (m), λ is an operation wavelength.

For the camber line shape antenna array that has added reflecting plate, except requirement (condition 1) for the antenna element spacing, in order to guarantee its effective coverage condition, sector for 120 degree sectors coverings, the arrival bearing angle (arrival bearing 61 of sector-edge) of its φ=± 60 degree is tangent with the circular arc of edge antenna element (62) position at least, as shown in Figure 6, wherein Φ is arrival bearing 63.Promptly require:

$\underset{m=1}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\mathrm{\&alpha;}\left(m\right)\&le;\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{3}$ (condition 2)

If the sector covers and requires is 60 degree, the requirement of condition (2) becomes so:

$\underset{m=1}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\mathrm{\&alpha;}\left(m\right)\&le;\frac{2\mathrm{\&pi;}}{3}.$

At last structural parameters are optimized.

Basic demand to this circular arc antenna array is that the sector covers, and needed directional diagram can be represented with function A (φ).Adopt the method for minimum variance so, then should make the ε minimum in the following formula:

$\mathrm{\&epsiv;}=\frac{1}{K}\underset{i=1}{\overset{K}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{|P{\left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_i\right)}^{1/2}-A\left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_i\right)|}^2\&CenterDot;C\left(i\right)---\left(4\right)$

Wherein K is illustrated in the number of choosing discrete-observation point (sampled point) on all directions, is generally once getting a point, can get when required precision is higher more.C (i) is a weight, if approaching of some point required high, can also establish higherly with C (i), then it is established smallerly on the contrary, generally require to get C (i)=1 when consistent approaching of all points of observation, and i=1 ... K.

In order to improve the efficient of antenna system, require the power of every antenna element radiation identical here, its range value remains 1, only comprises the phase parameter of feed among so controlled wave beam forming parameter W (n).For the purpose of the statement, W (n) is write as form W (the n)=Ae of amplitude and phase place here for convenience ^{J φ (n)}(also can be write as the form of real part and imaginary part, referring to Chinese patent 00103547.9) when amplitude is constant, promptly in the actual parameter adjustment process, only changes the value of φ (n), n=1 ... N.

Adopt improved minimum variance approach method of the present invention when obtaining wave beam forming parameter W (n) optimal value, to obtain the structural parameters optimal value fast so, obtain the local optimum effect.

The FB(flow block) that the minimum variance approach method of the fixed step size of employing shown in Fig. 7 is optimized structural parameters.

Step 701, initialization.Particular content comprises:

Obtain carrier frequency f, and calculate the operation wavelength λ of this carrier frequency f;

Set one group and satisfy condition 1 and the structural parameters initial value R of condition 2 ₀And α ₀(m), m=1 ... N-1;

Set the initial value φ of φ (n) ₀(n), n=1 ... N, initial value φ ₀(n) convergence rate and the end product chosen for whole algorithm have certain influence, if therefore know the approximate range of adjusting parameter in advance, preferably select the corresponding suitable initial value of a combination, also can improve result's precision simultaneously;

Set the initial value ε of variance ε ₀(being made as big initial value) so that enter the adjustment state of circulation feedback quickly from initial condition, numeration variable count=0.Wherein count is used to write down certain group adjustment base value (adjusting the acquisition refer step 711 of base value) R ₀', α ' (m) and Φ ₀' (n) pairing ε ₀, (be ε with respect to keeping minimum number of times in the parameter adjustment process ₀Less than number of times) at ε.Count should have the threshold value M of a requirement, when stops adjusting with decision, and the output result, obviously the big more obtained result's of M confidence level is high more, generally gets 50 and gets final product.

Set wave beam forming parameter phi (the n) (W (n)=e that will find the solution ^{J φ (n)}) and the adjustment step-length of structural parameters R and α (m): Δ φ, Δ R and Δ α think that here the phase parameter of all N antenna element feeds is equal to, and the angle parameter are equal between N-1 antenna, is set to identical respectively so adjust step-length;

Set the number K of discrete-observation point, and be each point of observation setting weights C (i), i=1 ... K;

Set the threshold T ME of counter times, counter times is used for the number of times that the interrecord structure parameter adjustment surpasses condition 1 or 2 afterwards continuously, if the times value surpasses threshold T ME then jumps out program, need choose the initial value of each parameter again this moment and optimize again, the general value of TME is 100.

Step 702, counter times zero clearing

Step 703, (5) and (6) are adjusted structural parameters R and α (m) according to the following equation.For each structural parameters R and α (m), correspondingly produce+1 or-1 value (when not knowing correct variation tendency, should guarantee that the probability that increases, subtracts equates) at random, promptly the adjustment direction of parameter is used L respectively _RAnd L _{α m}(m=1 ... N-1) expression is adjusted its parameter value according to step-length and adjustment direction then.Its adjustment algorithm is as follows, supposes that the U time adjusted R value is R ^U, the U time adjusted α (m) value is α ^U(m), the U time adjusted adjustment direction is respectively L _R ^UAnd L _{α m} ^U, so through one going on foot adjusted R again ^U+1And α ^U+1(m) be respectively:

$R^{U+1}=R^U+L_R^U\&CenterDot;\mathrm{\&Delta;R}---\left(5\right)$

${\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^{U+1}\left(m\right)={\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^U\left(m\right)+L_{\mathrm{am}}^U\&CenterDot;\mathrm{\&Delta;\&alpha;}---\left(6\right).$

When entering step 703 first, it is the adjustment of carrying out structural parameters R and α (m) according to given initial value, in follow-up circulation feedback ground adjustment process, then on the adjustment base value of record, adjust (with the R that last time adjusts record and α (m) value as the adjustment base value, increase or subtract by fixed step size, more by formula calculate (5), (6)).

Step 704,1 (obtain d (m) according to R and α (m), judge whether d (m) satisfies condition 1 again) judges whether to satisfy condition.If adjusted R and α (m) do not surpass the restriction of condition 1, just keep this time adjusted value, and enter step 705; If surpass the restriction of condition 1, then enter step 706.

Step 705 judges whether to satisfy condition 2.If adjusted R and α (m) do not surpass the restriction of condition 2, just keep this time adjusted value, and enter step 708.If surpass the restriction of condition 1, then enter step 706.

Step 706, counter times adds up.

Step 707 judges whether counter times surpasses threshold T ME.If surpass threshold value, then program stops, and does not obtain adjusting the result.Otherwise enter step 703 by formula (5) and (6) again structural parameters are adjusted.

Step 708 is adjusted wave beam forming parameter phi (n) according to formula (7).

Phase parameter for each antenna element feed correspondingly produces+1 or-1 value (when not knowing correct variation tendency, should guarantee that the probability that increases, subtracts equates) at random, and promptly the adjustment direction of parameter is used L respectively _{φ n}(n=1 ... N) expression is adjusted its parameter value according to step-length and adjustment direction then.Its method of adjustment is as follows, supposes that the U time adjusted φ (n) value is φ ^U(n), the U time adjusted adjustment direction is L _{φ n} ^U, so through one going on foot adjusted φ again ^U+1(n) be:

${\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{U+1}\left(n\right)={\mathrm{\&phi;}}^U\left(n\right)+L_{\mathrm{\&phi;n}}^U\&CenterDot;\mathrm{\&Delta;\&phi;}---\left(7\right)$

If the wave beam forming parameter also comprises its amplitude A (n), n=1 ... N, it adjusts direction is L _An, adjusting step-length is Δ A, according to formula (8) wave beam forming parameter A (n) is adjusted so.Its method of adjustment is as follows, supposes that the U time adjusted A (n) value is A ^U(n), adjusting back adjustment direction for the U time is L _An ^U, so through one going on foot adjusted A again ^U+1(n) be:

$A^{U+1}\left(n\right)={\left(\mathrm{\&Delta;A}\right)}^{L_{\mathrm{An}}^U}\&CenterDot;A^U\left(n\right)---\left(8\right)$

At this moment, should A be arranged to amplitude ^U+1(n)≤1 requirement, n=1 ... N.

When entering step 708 first, carry out the adjustment of wave beam forming parameter phi (n) according to given initial value, in follow-up circulation feedback ground adjustment process, then on the adjustment base value of record, adjust (with φ (n) value of last time adjusting record as the adjustment base value, increase or subtract by fixed step size, more by formula calculate (7), (8)).

Step 709 is calculated variance ε according to formula (4).

Step 710 judges that whether variance ε is less than ε ₀(variance reference value).If ε＜ε ₀Then enter step 711, otherwise enter step 712.

Step 711 is adjusted ε ₀Record φ (n), R and α (m), and use Φ respectively ₀' (n), R ' and α ' (m) represent, and replace original ε with new ε ₀(as the variance reference value), the variable count zero clearing that counts simultaneously enters step 702.

Step 712, numeration variable count adds up.

Step 713 judges whether numeration variable count surpasses threshold value M.If count does not have to surpass the threshold value M that sets in advance, then return step 702, otherwise enter step 714.

Step 714, program stops.Export one group of locally optimal solution Φ (n)=Φ ₀' (n), R=R ', α (m)=α ' (m) and ε=ε ₀(adjusted value with the centre in the adjustment process is expressed as Φ ₀' (n), R ' and α ' (m), the final result of adjustment is expressed as Φ (n), R and α (m), in whole adjustment process, ε ₀Ceaselessly changing, and be to change towards little direction, when little to can not be again hour, the ε that output is minimum ₀Corresponding structural parameters are Φ (n), R, α (m) as a result).

In the adjustment process of circulation repeatedly, all constantly write down the current φ that calculates (n), R and α (m) in the step 711, and use Φ ₀' (n), R ' and α ' (m) represent to press fixed step size increment or decrement on its basis as adjusting base value, carry out parameter adjustment.

Though the value of obtaining by top method is a locally optimal solution, its amount of calculation is much smaller, can obtain one group of φ (n), R and α (m) faster.If dissatisfied to this value of obtaining, can move repeatedly, obtain some groups and separate, separate for one group that therefrom chooses the variance minimum and (when reruning, can revise the parameter initial value φ of setting ₀(n), R ₀And α ₀(m), this step is not shown in Figure 7).

If still dissatisfied, also can adopt the method for variable step and raising precision to improve above-mentioned algorithm to the result.

Sometimes, when system design, may there be clear and definite requirement in system to variance ε, ε≤ε ' for example, ε ' is the target variance, at this moment the end condition of flow process should be revised as to the judgement of ε≤ε ' and to the combination of step 713count＞M condition judgment, in step 709 and step 710 step of increase, judge whether to satisfy ε≤ε ', execution in step 714 termination processes when satisfying are exported this variance and corresponding antenna array structural parameters and wave beam forming parameter, when not satisfying ε≤ε ', continue execution in step 710,711,712,713, execution in step 714 when satisfying the condition of count＞M.

Specifically comprise: the variance of this antenna array that will calculate and pre-determined variance desired value compare, if variance is less than or equal to the variance desired value, ε≤ε ' then writes down this variance and enters step 714; If variance is greater than the variance desired value, then further variance and pre-determined variance reference value are compared (step 710), if variance is greater than or equal to the variance reference value, then write down this variance reference value and keep minimum number of times (step 712), if this number of times surpasses pre-determined threshold value (step 713), then enter step 714, otherwise return step 702, if variance is less than the variance reference value, then replace former variance reference value with the variance of newly calculating, with the antenna array structural parameters determined and wave beam forming parameter W (n) as new adjustment base value, record variance reference value is kept the counter O reset (step 711) of minimum number, and return step 702.

Among the embodiment that provides above, the concrete form that does not have clear and definite sector coverage goal function A (φ), and in fact can further reduce the structural parameters and the wave beam forming parameter of camber line shape intelligent antenna array, thereby increase the degree of freedom of parameter optimization according to the requirement that the sector is covered.The requirement that covers such as the sector is symmetrical, and the individual number average of structural parameters α (m) and wave beam forming parameter can reduce half so.If further increase the uniform requirement of antenna distance, structural parameters will have only radius R and two parameters of angle α (having only an antenna element spacing parameter) so.

Further provide the embodiment of the even circular arc linear array of a unit 8 below, use fixed step size minimum variance approach method shown in Figure 7, and adopt 120 degree sector coverage goals shown in Figure 8 to require A (φ), can obtain one group of structural parameters and current feed phase parameter:

Carrier frequency is 1920MHz; The radius R of curve=0.92 meter; Angle between the 1st and the 8th antenna element is 36.4 degree, promptly $\underset{m=1}{\overset{7}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\mathrm{\&alpha;}\left(m\right)=36.4$ Degree; Spacing between per two antennas is equal, corresponding central angle alpha (1)=α (2)=...=α (7)=5.2 degree; Antenna distance is 0.084 meter; Each antenna element constant amplitude feed; The current feed phase of each antenna element (radian) is respectively: 2.5588,3.2707,5.6306,6.2652,6.2652,5.6306,3.2707,2.5588.

Antenna array structure and the physical dimension determined above using, and use the current feed phase parameter that this antenna array is carried out wave beam forming, can obtain sector radiation direction figure as shown in Figure 9.

Under antenna array structure of Que Dinging and the physical dimension, the wave beam forming figure that use homophase synthetic method obtains is shown in Figure 10～13 in the above.Antenna array after synthetic with respect to the main lobe average gain of single antenna is:

0 degree: 16.9080dB

20 degree: 16.9177dB

40 degree: 16.1504dB

60 degree: 13.9806dB

0 degree direction and 60 is spent directions as can be seen, and its range value fluctuation has only 1～3dB, will get well much than line array.

The structure parameter optimizing method of the shaped form smart antenna array that the present invention proposes can be optimized the smart antenna array of arbitrary curve curve shape.

Figure 14 embodiment provides a broken line shape smart antenna array, selects to have the antenna element of capacity of orientation, and antenna array has the requirement of coverage symmetry, and the antenna element number is N=8.Its structure can be determined by parameter L, α and d (m), m=1 ... N/2-1.Wherein L is the distance between two antenna elements of outermost on the broken line, and α is the angle between arbitrary line and this range line L in the broken line, and d (m) is the distance between the adjacent antenna units on arbitrary line in broken line.Its restriction of 1 that still needs to satisfy condition this moment, and be embodied as:

$\mathrm{\&lambda;}/2\&le;\underset{m=1\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;N/2-1}{\min }\left(d\left(m\right)\right)\&le;\underset{m=1\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;N/2-1}{\max }\left(d\left(m\right)\right)<\mathrm{\&lambda;}---\left(9\right)$

Its effective radiation condition is embodied as: covers for 120 degree sectors, $\mathrm{\&alpha;}<\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{6},$ Cover for 60 degree sectors, $\mathrm{\&alpha;}<\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{3}.$

The structural parameters of the broken line shape smart antenna array that provides above, can use these selected structural parameters to calculate other structural parameters of this antenna array, promptly, use these selected structural parameters can determine the physical dimension of this antenna array fully, therefore also can select for use other structural parameters to be optimized, as long as selected structural parameters can determine the physical dimension of this antenna array fully.

The structure parameter optimizing method of shaped form (comprising broken line shape and the camber line shape etc.) intelligent antenna array that the inventive method proposes, characteristic at each antenna element is not suitable for simultaneously too, but need give up the requirement the highest to system effectiveness, and when carrying out the wave beam forming parameter adjustment, to not only comprise its phase parameter phi (n), also will comprise its range parameter A (n).

The shaped form aerial array that the present invention provides, it is arranged antenna element on curve, shape by adjusting this curve, antenna element position and the feed parameter of each antenna element size and the shape of determining this intelligent antenna array overlay area on curve makes it to obtain under the principle of minimum variance and the local optimum result who requires to match.This device can realize that promptly the sector covers, and can satisfy the requirement of intelligent antenna technology again to greatest extent.

Claims (22)

1. shaped form smart antenna array, comprise N antenna element, the radiation of power directional diagram of each antenna element be oriented to divergent shape or parallel, it is characterized in that: the geometry arrangement of the described antenna array that is made of N antenna element becomes curve, forms the sector and covers; Air line distance in the antenna array between adjacent two antenna elements satisfies less than operation wavelength and is greater than or equal to the condition 1 of 1/2 operation wavelength; The radiant power of each antenna element satisfies effective radiation condition 2 that can effectively enter sector coverage, do not blocked by other antenna element in this antenna array on the curve.

2. a kind of shaped form smart antenna array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described curve is a camber line; Described N antenna element symmetry or asymmetric geometry are on camber line; Even or non-homogeneous being arranged on the camber line of a described N antenna element.

3. a kind of shaped form smart antenna array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described curve is a broken line; Described N antenna element symmetry or asymmetric geometry are on broken line; Even or non-homogeneous being arranged on the broken line of a described N antenna element.

4. a kind of shaped form smart antenna array according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the normalization radiation direction figure of a described N antenna element is identical or inequality.

5. a kind of shaped form smart antenna array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described curve is a camber line, described effective radiation condition is meant the line of any two antenna elements on the curve and the angle of sector center position, be greater than or equal to the angle of the same side sector-edge direction and sector center position, described the same side is the line and the sector-edge direction of these two antenna elements, is the same side that is positioned at the sector center position.

6. a kind of shaped form smart antenna array according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described antenna element has directed radiation direction figure.

7. a kind of shaped form smart antenna array according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described antenna element with directed radiation direction figure, form by the half-wave dipole with omnidirectional radiation with by the reflecting plate that conducting plane constitutes, conducting plane is 1/4 operation wavelength apart from half-wave dipole.

8. a kind of shaped form smart antenna array as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that described curve is an arc, and described conducting plane is the metal arc plate.

9. method of optimizing shaped form smart antenna array structural parameters as claimed in claim 1 comprises: the geometry arrangement of given antenna element number N and definite N antenna element, determine the antenna array structural parameters; With the progressively approach method acquisition wave beam forming parameter of trying to achieve minimum variance and the locally optimal solution of antenna array structural parameters, it is characterized in that:

The geometry arrangement of described definite N antenna element is by a curved arrangement N antenna element;

Described usefulness is tried to achieve the progressively approach method acquisition wave beam forming parameter of minimum variance and the locally optimal solution of antenna array structural parameters, comprising:

1). the initial value of the structural parameters of given curve shape antenna array, promptly determine the initial position of each antenna element on curve, make the distance that satisfies between adjacent antenna units more than or equal to 1/2 operation wavelength simultaneously less than the condition 1 of operation wavelength with satisfy effective radiation condition 2 that the radiant power of each antenna element can effectively enter sector coverage, do not blocked by other antenna in this antenna array;

2) according to prior given antenna array structural parameters and the initial value and adjustment precision of wave beam forming parameter W (n), adjust the value of antenna array structural parameters and wave beam forming parameter W (n) simultaneously, use the minimum variance approach method to seek the locally optimal solution of structural parameters and W (n), and the variance ε of record wave beam forming figure and target figuration figure, n=1 ... N;

3) if variance ε satisfies predetermined requirement, and the antenna array structural parameters that obtain satisfy condition 1 and condition 2, output step 2) the antenna array arrangement mode of determining in and the wave beam forming parameter W (n) of local optimum reset the initial value of antenna array structural parameters and wave beam forming parameter W (n) and/or adjust precision otherwise return step 1).

10. the method for a kind of optimal curve shape smart antenna array structural parameters according to claim 9 is characterized in that: a described N antenna element is symmetrical or asymmetric, evenly or anisotropically be distributed on the described curve.

11. the method for a kind of optimal curve shape smart antenna array structural parameters according to claim 9 is characterized in that: described definite antenna array structural parameters are one group of parameters selecting can determine fully at least selected antenna array structure.

12. the method for a kind of optimal curve shape smart antenna array structural parameters according to claim 9 is characterized in that described step 2) further comprise:

21). adjustment base value and in advance given adjustment precision according to the antenna array structural parameters that obtain in advance given antenna array structural parameters initial value or the subsequent step are adjusted the structural parameters of antenna array, and the structural parameters that guarantee antenna array satisfy condition 1 and condition 2;

22). adjust the wave beam forming parameter W (n) of antenna array according to the adjustment base value of the wave beam forming parameter W (n) that obtains in the initial value of in advance given wave beam forming parameter W (n) or the subsequent step, in advance given adjustment precision;

23). according to step 21) and 22) in the structural parameters and the wave beam forming parameter W (n) of the antenna array determined, calculate the variance of this antenna array, and compare with pre-determined variance reference value, if variance greater than or or equal the variance reference value, then write down this variance reference value and keep minimum number of times, if this number of times surpasses pre-determined threshold value, then enter step 3), otherwise return step 21); If less than the variance reference value, then replace former variance reference value with the variance of newly calculating, with step 21) and 22) the antenna array structural parameters determined and wave beam forming parameter W (n) be as new adjustment base value, record variance reference value is kept the counter O reset of minimum number, and return step 21).

13. the method for a kind of optimal curve shape smart antenna array structural parameters according to claim 9 is characterized in that described step 2) further comprise:

21). adjust the structural parameters of antenna array according to the adjustment base value of the antenna array structural parameters that obtain in advance given antenna array structural parameters initial value or the subsequent step, in advance given adjustment precision, and the structural parameters that guarantee antenna array satisfy condition 1 and condition 2;

22). adjust the wave beam forming parameter W (n) of antenna array according to the adjustment base value of the wave beam forming parameter W (n) that obtains in the initial value of in advance given wave beam forming parameter W (n) or the subsequent step, in advance given adjustment precision;

24). according to step 21) and 22) in the structural parameters and the wave beam forming parameter W (n) of the antenna array determined, calculate the variance of this antenna array, and compare with pre-determined variance desired value, if variance is less than or equal to the variance desired value, then writes down this variance and enter step 3); If variance is greater than the variance desired value, then further variance and pre-determined variance reference value are compared, if variance is greater than or equal to the variance reference value, then write down this variance reference value and keep minimum number of times, if this number of times surpasses pre-determined threshold value, then enter step 3), otherwise return step 21), if variance is less than the variance reference value, then replace former variance reference value with the variance of newly calculating, with step 21) and step 22) the antenna array structural parameters determined and wave beam forming parameter W (n) be as new adjustment base value, record variance reference value is kept the counter O reset of minimum number, and returns step 21).

14. the method according to claim 12 or 13 described a kind of optimal curve shape smart antenna array structural parameters is characterized in that:

When described curve was camber line shape, described structural parameters comprised angle α (m) between the radius R of camber line deltoid and adjacent antenna units, m=1...N-1;

Described step 21) in, described initial value comprises adjustment step delta α, and the adjustment step delta R of radius R of initial value, the angle α (m) of initial value, the angle α (m) of radius R, m=1...N-1;

Described step 22) further comprises: from above-mentioned initial value, then according to described adjustment base value with according to adjusting step-length and adjusting direction, by formula $R^{U+1}=R^U+L_R^U\&CenterDot;\mathrm{\&Delta;R}$ With ${\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^{U+1}\left(m\right)={\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^U\left(m\right)+L_{\mathrm{\&alpha;m}}^U\&CenterDot;\mathrm{\&Delta;\&alpha;}$ Calculate the structural parameters of m antenna element and according to formula $d\left(m\right)=2\&CenterDot;R\&CenterDot;\sin \left(\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}\left(m\right)}{2}\right)$ Determine between antenna element apart from d (m), until satisfying described condition 1 and condition 2, L in the formula simultaneously _RAnd L _AmThe adjustment direction of expression structural parameters, the U time adjusted R value is R ^U, the U time adjusted α (m) value is α ^U(m), the adjustment direction of the U time adjustment back R value is L _R ^U, the adjustment direction of the U time adjustment back α (m) is L _Am ^U, again one the step adjusted R value be R ^U+1, adjusted α of step (m) value is α again ^U+1(m).

15. the method for a kind of optimal curve shape smart antenna array structural parameters according to claim 14, the adjustment direction that it is characterized in that described structural parameters is: for structural parameters R and α (m), correspondingly produce+1 or-1 value at random, guarantee that when variation tendency is unknown the probability that increases, subtracts equates.

16. the method for a kind of optimal curve shape smart antenna array structural parameters according to claim 14 is characterized in that: described effective radiation condition 2, be covered as 120 in the sector when spending, angle α (m) should satisfy between antenna element $\underset{m=1}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\mathrm{\&alpha;}\left(m\right)\&le;\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{3};$ Be covered as 60 in the sector when spending, angle α (m) should satisfy between antenna element $\underset{m=1}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\mathrm{\&alpha;}\left(m\right)\&le;\frac{2\mathrm{\&pi;}}{3}.$

17. the method for a kind of optimal curve shape smart antenna array structural parameters according to claim 14 is characterized in that: the adjustment step delta α of described angle α (m), and the adjustment step delta R of radius R be fix or change.

18. method according to claim 12 or 13 described a kind of optimal curve shape smart antenna array structural parameters, it is characterized in that: described step 21), comprise that also setting a counter is used to write down and does not satisfy condition 1 or the number of times of condition 2 continuously, at Counter Value during more than or equal to the threshold value set, the adjustment process of antenna array structural parameters aborting step 21), return step 1), reselect the initial value of each antenna element position on curve, carry out the adjustment again of antenna array structural parameters.

19. the method for a kind of optimal curve shape smart antenna array structural parameters according to claim 9 is characterized in that:

Described step 2) in, when the feed power of each antenna element is identical, the current feed phase of wave beam forming parameter W (n) is adjusted.

20. the method for a kind of optimal curve shape smart antenna array structural parameters according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: described step 2), when the feed power of each antenna element is inequality, also comprises the feed amplitude of wave beam forming parameter W (n) is adjusted.

21. the method for a kind of optimal curve shape smart antenna array structural parameters according to claim 9 is characterized in that described step 2) the structural parameters of adjustment antenna array, further comprise:

At described curve is broken line shape, antenna element number N be even number and the symmetry be arranged on the broken line time, the structural parameters of adjusting comprise the angle α between arbitrary line and this range line L in air line distance L between two antenna elements of outermost, the broken line and in broken line between the adjacent antenna units on arbitrary line apart from d (m), m=1 ... N/2-1.

22. the method for a kind of optimal curve shape smart antenna array structural parameters according to claim 21 is characterized in that: described effective radiation condition 2, be covered as 120 in the sector when spending, described angle α satisfies $\mathrm{\&alpha;}<\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{6},$ Be covered as 60 in the sector when spending, described angle α satisfies $\mathrm{\&alpha;}<\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{3}.$

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