CN101674114B - Multi-sector space multiplexing method and system based on uniform circular array antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-sector space multiplexing method and system based on a uniform circular array antenna. The multiplexing method comprises the following steps: determining each parameter of the uniform circular array antenna, acquiring an omni-directional directional diagram according to each parameter of the uniform circular array antenna so as to omni-directionally cover a first quadrant depression area of the residential area, acquiring two groups of cross sector beams to divide a second quadrant depression area of the residential area into two groups of sectors areas, wherein the two groups of sectors areas are used for omni-directionally covering the second quadrant depression area of the residential area, dividing frequency channels of the residential area into three groups which are respectively distributed to users in the omni-directional area and two groups of sectors areas. The invention considers the UCA directional diagram on two dimensions of a quadrant depression and an azimuth angle so that the UCA forms proper beam in a three-dimension space, and area division is conducted on the residential area, thereby realizing high gain beam covering of each beam edge area, and overcoming the problems of same frequency interference, frequent cross sector switch, and the like.

Description

Multi-sector space multiplexing method and system thereof based on uniform circular array antenna

Technical field

The present invention relates to the multi-aerial space multiplexing of wireless communication technology, relate in particular to multi-sector space multiplexing method and system thereof based on uniform circular array antenna.

Background technology

In recent years, be that the wireless communication technology of representative has had the development of advancing by leaps and bounds with the 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system).Yet, along with the continuous increase of mobile communication subscriber, and the appearance of a large amount of new data service, how utilizing limited frequency resource raising wireless channel capacity to remain one has problem to be solved.Particularly in the hot zones (like railway station, airport waiting room, conference centre, commercial building) of some high traffic densities and focus period (like wagon flow peak period, festive occasion, when geological disaster takes place etc.); The traffic of mobile communication and data business volume will be multiplied; Cause the smooth or communication of existing communication system communication seriously to be obstructed; Therefore need to introduce new wireless communication technology, further improve the wireless channel capacity.

Be different from traditional frequency division multiple access (FDMA, Frequency Division MultipleAccess), time division multiple access (TDMA, Time Division Multiple Access) and code division multiple access (CDMA; Code Division Multiple Access), the cell sector communication system adopts space division multiplexing (SDMA, Space Division Multiple Access) technology; Utilize directional antenna to form fixed beam; Microzonation is divided into a plurality of sectors, utilizes the difference of signal on the direction of propagation, with same frequency, with time slot or with the sign indicating number type signal distinguishing come; Thereby maximally utilise limited frequency spectrum resources, expanded channel capacity.In the existing cell sector design, adopt uniform straight line array array antenna (ULA, Uniform Linear Array) that microzonation is divided into 3 or 6 sectors more.For further improving the cell channel capacity, linear array antenna capable of using forms a plurality of narrow beams, and each sector is divided into more how sub-sector.Employed linear array antenna has that wave beam is narrow, secondary lobe is low and the simple advantage of beamforming algorithm in these methods; But because ULA covering orientation angle limited (maximum 120 °); Therefore need 3 cover array antennas could realize the comprehensive covering in sub-district at least; And each sector all needs a cover weighting circuit, has increased the higher processing burden with system of the cost of base station thus, has also limited microzonation and has told more sector.Direction has same directional diagram to the wave beam that produces owing to ULA in addition at the angle of depression; Antenna below near zone is the junction of many sector beams; Each sector is adjacent very tight; Therefore above some densely populated areas, set up the antenna of multiple sector, then can face the frequent sector switching problem of striding of walking about and producing, thereby certainly will have influence on the efficient of communication system because of antenna below near zone a large number of users.

Compare with ULA; Uniform circular array antenna (UCA; Uniform Circular Array) can either form the omni-directional pattern that covers full azimuth, can form the wave beam of arbitrary orientation in pointing to again, and the array element number that needs be less relatively; Thereby system cost is lower, and treatment facility is comparatively simple.The existing radio communication operator 8 array element UCA that adopt use as omnidirectional antenna more, do not form the advantage that multi-beam is carried out space division multiplexing thereby bring into play UCA.In order to improve the pattern characteristics of UCA, people work out multiple Pattern Synthesis method, yet existing multi-sector space multiplexing method based on UCA has following defective:

The first, sectorized systems adopts single group fan-shaped beam group that the sub-district is covered usually, and in each beam edge zone, the directional diagram gain exists bigger decay, and the same frequency (sign indicating number type) that adjacent beams causes because of directional diagram is overlapping in this zone disturbs more serious;

The second, existing method all is to only carrying out comprehensive method about the directional diagram of azimuth one dimension direction on plane, circular array place (promptly 0 ° of angle of depression is located).The complex characteristics of the directional diagram direction at the angle of depression after these methods do not have to consider comprehensively only is applicable to the situation of receiving and transmitting signal direction near 0 ° of angle of depression.Therefore, each sector is adjacent very tight, faces equally because of switching the problem that the communication system efficiency that causes reduces in the near zone a large number of users frequent sector of striding that produces of walking about in antenna below.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of multi-sector space multiplexing method and system thereof of uniform circular array antenna; Based on this method, can overcome the same frequency serious interference that produced when single group fan-shaped beam group covers the sub-district, the frequent problem such as sector switching of striding.

According to an aspect of the present invention; A kind of multi-sector space multiplexing method based on uniform circular array antenna is provided; Comprise the steps: to confirm each parameter of uniform circular array antenna, parameter comprises numbers of beams M, the circular array radius R in array number N, the every group of wave beam group; Array number N according to uniform circular array antenna obtains omni-directional pattern, and omnidirectional covers to zone, first angle of depression, sub-district; According to the numbers of beams M in the array number N of uniform circular array antenna, the every group of wave beam group, the radius R of circular array; Obtain two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups that comprise M wave beam respectively, the fan-shaped beam group of intersecting is that two groups of sectors realize zone, second angle of depression, sub-district omnidirectional is covered through second angle of depression area dividing with the sub-district; With the channel distribution of sub-district is three groups, and with three groups of channels distribute to first angle of depression zone respectively, two groups of sectors being divided by zone, second angle of depression user under covering.

According to another aspect of the present invention; A kind of multi-sector space multiplexing system based on uniform circular array antenna is provided, and this system comprises: uniform circular array antenna parameter determination module, zone, first angle of depression omnidirectional overlay module, zone, second angle of depression omnidirectional overlay module, distribution module.Wherein, uniform circular array antenna parameter determination module is used for confirming each parameter of uniform circular array antenna, and parameter comprises numbers of beams M, the circular array radius R in array number N, the every group of wave beam group; Zone, first angle of depression omnidirectional overlay module is used for the array number N according to uniform circular array antenna, obtains omni-directional pattern, to zone, first angle of depression omnidirectional covering of sub-district; Zone, second angle of depression omnidirectional overlay module is used for the numbers of beams M of the array number N according to uniform circular array antenna, every group of wave beam group, the radius R of circular array; Obtain two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups that comprise M wave beam respectively; Intersection fan-shaped beam group is two sectors with second angle of depression area dividing of sub-district, and two sectors are used for zone, second angle of depression omnidirectional of sub-district is covered; Distribution module is used for the frequency channels of sub-district is divided into three groups, and three groups of channels are distributed to omni-directional pattern respectively covers two pairing users in sector under regional user down and the two groups of fan-shaped beam groups coverings.

Than prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:

The first, the less relatively array element of can utilizing the UCA that is adopted among the present invention realizes that omnibearing wave beam covers, and has therefore reduced the cost of system and the complexity of system handles effectively;

The second, adopt the fan-shaped beam group intersection of two groups of different channels to cover, realized that the high-gain wave beam in each beam edge zone covers, and solved same frequency (sign indicating number type) interference problem of adjacent beams effectively;

Three, except that the zone, second angle of depression (being zone, the little angle of depression) of the fan-shaped beam group intersection coverage cell that adopts two groups of different channels; Also adopt the UCA omni-directional pattern that zone, first angle of depression, sub-district (zone, the big angle of depression) covered; Antenna in cell below near zone is merged into an omnidirectional zone, thus alleviated effectively in the existing cell sector system because of each sector, this zone adjacent overstocked cause frequently stride the sector switching problem.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of steps based on the multi-sector space multiplexing method of uniform circular array antenna of expression in the embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is the model sketch map of uniform circular array antenna in the expression embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3 is the two-dimensional directional figure of initial beam in the expression embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 4 is the one dimension directional diagram of two groups of fan-shaped beam groups in the expression embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 5 is the 3D end view of omni-directional pattern and wave beam two-dimensional directional figure;

Fig. 6 is the 3D bottom view of two-dimensional directional figure under spherical coordinates that forms based on the wireless frequency spectrum multi-sector space multiplexing system of 8 array element UCA in the expression embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 7 is based on the wireless frequency spectrum multi-sector space multiplexing system cell area dividing sketch map of 8 array element UCA in the expression embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 8 is based on the structure chart of the wireless frequency spectrum multi-sector space multiplexing system of 8 array element UCA in the expression embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 9 is the structured flowchart of space multiplex system in the expression embodiment of the invention.

Embodiment

For make above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be more obviously understandable, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention done further detailed explanation.

The present invention adopts UCA to realize cell sector communication, in zone, the little angle of depression and zone, the big angle of depression, promptly on the angle of depression and the azimuth two-dimensional directional directional diagram of UCA is considered, makes UCA in three dimensions, form the wave beam that is fit to, and realizes the compartmentalization of sub-district is divided.Multi-sector space multiplexing method embodiment based on uniform circular array antenna:

With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the flow chart of steps based on the multi-sector space multiplexing method of uniform circular array antenna of expression among the method embodiment of the present invention, and this method comprises the steps:

Step 110 confirms that each parameter of uniform circular array antenna, parameter comprise numbers of beams M, the circular array radius R in array number N, the every group of wave beam group;

Step 120, the array number N according to uniform circular array antenna obtains omni-directional pattern, to zone, first angle of depression omnidirectional covering of sub-district;

Step 130; According to the numbers of beams M in the array number N of uniform circular array antenna, the every group of wave beam group, the radius R of circular array; Obtain two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups that comprise M wave beam respectively; Intersection fan-shaped beam group is two groups of sectors with second angle of depression area dividing of sub-district, and two sectors are used for zone, second angle of depression omnidirectional of sub-district is covered;

Step 140 is divided into three groups with the frequency channels of sub-district, and three groups of channels are distributed to omni-directional pattern respectively covers two groups of pairing users in sector under regional user down and the two groups of fan-shaped beam groups coverings.

At this, need to prove, the time order and function order that above-mentioned steps is not strict, such as, between step 120 and the step 130, execution sequence does not have absolute regulation; So long as adopted above-mentioned four steps, obtained beneficial effect of the present invention, just all within protection scope of the present invention.

Present embodiment has realized that through above-mentioned four steps the high-gain wave beam in each beam edge zone covers, and has solved same frequency (sign indicating number type) interference problem of adjacent beams effectively; In addition; Except that the zone, second angle of depression (being zone, the little angle of depression) of the fan-shaped beam group intersection coverage cell that adopts two groups of different channels; Also adopt the UCA omni-directional pattern that zone, first angle of depression, sub-district (zone, the big angle of depression) covered; Antenna in cell below near zone is merged into an omnidirectional zone, effectively alleviated in the existing cell sector system because of each sector, this zone adjacent overstocked cause frequently stride the sector switching problem.Below in conjunction with two instances method embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.

Instance one:

This instance mainly comprises following 4 steps based on the multi-sector space multiplexing method of uniform circular array antenna:

Step 1, adopt the directional antenna of UCA as the sub-district, the array element number of UCA is N, and the circular array radius is R; The N of a UCA bay and parallel connection of 2M+1 cover weighting circuit; In every cover weighting circuit, the weighing vector that contains N array element weighted value does $W^m={(w_0^m,w_1^m,...,w_{N-1}^m)}^T,m=\mathrm{0,1},...,2M.$

Step 2, W ⁰Be used for forming omni-directional pattern; (W ¹, W ³..., W ^2M-1) be used for forming one group and cover omnibearing fan-shaped beam group, it is made up of M fan-shaped beam, and the main lobe width of each wave beam is 2 π/M, and the azimuth of sensing is respectively 2 π m/M+ θ ₀(m=1,2 ..., M), θ wherein ₀Initial orientation angle for first beam position of being provided with according to actual needs; (W ², W ⁴..., W ^2M) be used for forming another group fan-shaped beam group; Itself and last one group of fan-shaped beam group intersect; The angle of the wave beam phase difference of half main lobe width of each wave beam and a last fan-shaped beam group, promptly the azimuth of M beam position is respectively π (2m+1)/M+ θ in this fan-shaped beam group ₀(m=1,2 ..., M).

Step 3, by above-mentioned form two groups fan-shaped beam groups of intersecting the zone (zone, the little angle of depression) that is in the certain limit of the little angle of depression of antenna being covered, is 2M sector with the little angle of depression area dividing of sub-district; Simultaneously, the zone (zone, the big angle of depression) that is in the certain limit of the big angle of depression of antenna is covered, near the big angle of depression area dividing the antenna below is become an omnidirectional zone by the above-mentioned omni-directional pattern that forms.

Step 4, the frequency of sub-district (sign indicating number type) channel is divided into three groups, distributes to three groups of users in the omnidirectional zone that is in two groups of sectors covering by two groups of fan-shaped beam groups and covers by omni-directional pattern respectively.The user who is in different sectors in M the sector that is covered by same group of fan-shaped beam group uses identical frequency (sign indicating number type) channel, thereby realizes the space division multiplexing between the sector.

In the above-mentioned steps 2, adopt in the wireless frequency spectrum multi-sector space multiplexing system schema of UCA realization, obtain the weighing vector W of UCA omni-directional pattern and two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups ⁰-W ^2MProcess following:

Step 21: need according to practical design, the numbers of beams M in array number N, circular array radius R and the fan-shaped beam group is chosen.

Step 22: the normalization weighing vector that forms the UCA omni-directional pattern does ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="W"\; filenames="H2009100935836E00021.png,H2009100935836E00022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}^0=\frac{1}{N}(\mathrm{1,1},...,1).$

Step 23: find the solution the weighing vector W that forms two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups ¹-W ^2M

2M wave beam in two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups that form can obtain through an initial beam translation different orientations.Can know that by above-mentioned wireless frequency spectrum multi-sector space multiplexing system schema the fan-shaped beam that UCA forms need form the narrow beam with low sidelobe level near little angle of depression certain limit, and the gain of zone beam directional diagram there is decay slightly at the big angle of depression.According to the analysis that UCA is formed beam pattern, for the UCA of different array numbers, desire forms the fan-shaped beam that satisfies above-mentioned condition, needs the circular array radius R less than 0.3 wavelength.

Find the solution the weighing vector W that forms two groups of intersection wave beam groups in the step 23 ¹-W ^2MDetailed process following:

Find the solution the weighing vector W that forms initial beam ^o:

As shown in Figure 2, according to UCA directional diagram model, by one group of weighing vector of UCA $W={({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="w"\; filenames="H2009100935836E00021.png,H2009100935836E00022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">w</figure-callout>}}_0,{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="w"\; filenames="H2009100935836E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">w</figure-callout>}}_1,...{,}_{N-1}^m)}^T$ The two-dimensional directional figure about the azimuth and the angle of depression that forms does

β=2 π/λ wherein, λ is a signal wavelength; θ is the azimuth,

Be the angle of depression; θ _nBe the angle of n array element on circumference, θ is arranged _n=2 π n/N (n=0,1..., N-1).Can know by (1) formula; The directional diagram that is formed by UCA changes bigger on the direction of the different angle of depression

, is difficult in the scope of the full angle of depression, form same wave beam.

Only consider plane, UCA circular array place; Promptly get decide the angle of depression

then the two-dimensional directional figure function

in (1) formula only deteriorate to one dimension pattern function F (θ about azimuth angle theta; 0), its form does

$F(\mathrm{\&theta;},0)=\underset{n=0}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{w}_n\exp \left[\mathrm{j\&beta;}R\cos (\mathrm{\&theta;}-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_n)\right]---\left(2\right)$

A given one dimension desired orientation figure F _e(θ, 0) then makes F (θ, 0) approach desired orientation figure F _eThe optimum weighing vector W of (θ, 0) ^oCan obtain through minimizing mean square distance ρ (W), wherein

${\mathrm{\&rho;}}^2\left(W\right)={\&Integral;}_{-\mathrm{\&pi;}}^{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{|F_e(\mathrm{\&theta;},0)-F(\mathrm{\&theta;},0)|}^2\mathrm{d\&theta;}---\left(3\right)$

The present invention is through will be at the angle of depression

The place forms the optimum weighing vector W of more satisfactory wave beam ^oAs the weighing vector of initial beam, and the radius of choosing circular array is less than 0.3 λ, so that by W ^oThe wave beam main lobe in the certain limit of the little angle of depression that forms has higher gain.Calculate the weighing vector W of initial beam ^oDetailed process is following:

(a) desired orientation figure F is set _e(θ, 0):

If initial beam be oriented to θ _c=0, main lobe width is θ _w=2 π/M then are provided with desired orientation figure F ₀(θ, 0) has following form:

$\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{F}_e(\mathrm{\&theta;},0)=0& |\mathrm{\&theta;}-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_c|>{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_w/2\\ F_e(\mathrm{\&theta;},0)=1& |\mathrm{\&theta;}-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_c|\&le;{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_w/2\end{array}\right.---\left(4\right)$

Wherein, θ ∈ [180 °, 180 °].

(b) set up the mean square distance function like (3) formula, wherein the form of one dimension directional diagram F (θ, 0) utilizes L-M (Levenberg-Marquardt) optimal method to carry out iteration optimization to minimizing target function (3) formula like (2) formula, solves optimum weighing vector W ^o, and with its weighting as initial beam.

(2) find the solution the weighing vector (W that forms 2M wave beam in two groups of intersection wave beam groups ¹, W ³..., W ^2M-1) and (W ², W ⁴..., W ^2M):

2M wave beam can be obtained about the azimuth translation by initial beam in two groups of intersection wave beam groups.The present invention proposes, and the UCA directional diagram has following translation character:

One group of weighing vector of given UCA $W^{}$ ${}^0={({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="w"\; filenames="H2009100935836E00021.png,H2009100935836E00022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">w</figure-callout>}}_0^0,{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="w"\; filenames="H2009100935836E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">w</figure-callout>}}_1^0,...,w_{N-1}^0)}^T,$ It is carried out discrete Fourier transform (DFT), obtain its DFT and do ${\hat{W}}^0={({\hat{w}}_0^0,{\hat{w}}_1^0,...,{\hat{w}}_{N-1}^0)}^T.$ If by weighing vector W ⁰The UCA directional diagram that forms does

Then

About azimuth translation θ ₁After directional diagram do

Then can form

Weighing vector W ¹DFT ${\hat{W}}^1={({\hat{w}}_0^1,{\hat{w}}_1^1,...,{\hat{w}}_{N-1}^1)}^T$ With ${\hat{W}}^0={({\hat{w}}_0^0,{\hat{w}}_1^0,...,{\hat{w}}_{N-1}^0)}^T$ Following relation is arranged:

${\hat{w}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="k"\; filenames="H2009100935836E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">k</figure-callout>}}^1={\hat{w}}_k^0{e}^{-\mathrm{jk}{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1},k=\mathrm{0,1},...,N-1---\left(5\right)$

According to above-mentioned character, form the weighing vector W of 2M wave beam in two groups of intersection wave beam groups ¹-W ^2MSolution procedure following:

(a) to forming the weighing vector of initial beam $W^o={(w_0^o,w_0^o,...,w_{N-1}^o)}^T$ Carry out DFT, obtain its DFT and do ${\hat{W}}^o={({\hat{w}}_0^o,{\hat{w}}_1^o,...,{\hat{w}}_{N-1}^o)}^T.$

(b) confirm the initial angle θ of first wave beam according to actual needs _o, the weighing vector of 2M wave beam in the dual crossing wave beam group then ${\mathrm{DFT}}_{{\hat{W}}^m}={({\hat{w}}_0^m,{\hat{w}}_1^m,...,{\hat{w}}_{N-1}^m)}^T,(m=\mathrm{1,2},...,2M)$ In each item can obtain by following formula

${\hat{w}}_k^m={\hat{w}}_k^o\&CenterDot;e^{-j(k\frac{\mathrm{m\&pi;}}{M}+{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_o)},k=\mathrm{0,1},...,N-1,m=\mathrm{1,2},...,2M---\left(6\right)$

(c) right Carry out contrary DFT, can obtain forming the weighing vector W of 2M wave beam in two groups of intersection wave beam groups ¹-W ^2M

Through said method, make the user who is in by different sectors in M the sector under the same group of fan-shaped beam group covering use identical frequency (sign indicating number type) channel, thereby realize the space division multiplexing between the sector, overcome the many disadvantages that exists in the prior art.

Instance two

This instance provides a wireless frequency spectrum multi-sector space multiplexing system schema based on 8 array element UCA.Provide a comparatively ideal parameter to select in this scheme, wherein the circular array radius R is taken as 0.25 λ, and numbers of beams M is taken as 5 in the wave beam group.

According to this design example, the weighing vector that is produced two groups of intersection wave beam groups by UCA is respectively (W ¹, W ³, W ⁵, W ⁷, W ⁹) and (W ², W ⁴, W ⁶, W ⁸, W ¹⁰), the weighing vector of the omni-directional pattern that is produced by UCA is W ⁰, then each weighing vector can be obtained by following steps:

The normalization weighing vector of step 1:UCA does ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="W"\; filenames="H2009100935836E00021.png,H2009100935836E00022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}^0=\frac{1}{8}(\mathrm{1,1},...,1).$

Step 2: the weighing vector of 10 wave beams is found the solution by following steps in two groups of wave beam groups of shape:

(1) finds the solution the weighing vector W that forms initial beam ^o:

(a) desired orientation figure F is set ₀The beam position of (θ, 0) is θ _c=0, main lobe width is θ _w=360 °/5=72 °;

(b) according to (4) formula initialization desired orientation figure F ₀(θ, 0);

(c) target function of foundation as (3) formula utilizes the L-M optimal method that (3) formula is carried out iteration optimization, solves the normalized weighing vector that has most $W^o={(w_0^o,w_1^o,...,w_{N-1}^o)}^T,$ Shown in: W ^o=(0.46+0.42j ,-0.57-0.41j, 0.84-0.01j ,-0.56+0.43j, 0.46-0.42j ,-0.57+0.41j, 0.84+0.01j ,-0.56-0.43j) ^T

(2) find the solution the weighing vector (W that forms 2M wave beam in two groups of intersection wave beam groups ¹, W ³, W ⁵, W ⁷, W ⁹) and (W ², W ⁴, W ⁶, W ⁸, W ¹⁰):

Confirm the initial angle θ of first wave beam according to actual needs _o, weighing vector W then ¹-W ¹⁰ ${\mathrm{DFT}}_{{\hat{W}}^m}={({\hat{w}}_0^m,{\hat{w}}_1^m,...,{\hat{w}}_{N-1}^m)}^T,(m=\mathrm{1,2},...,10)$ In each item can obtain by following formula

${\hat{w}}_k^m={\hat{w}}_k^o\&CenterDot;e^{-j(k\frac{\mathrm{m\&pi;}}{5}+{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_o)},k=\mathrm{0,1},...,7,m=\mathrm{1,2},...,10---\left(7\right)$

Right

Carry out contrary DFT, can obtain the weighing vector W of each wave beam ¹-W ¹⁰

According to such scheme, the directional diagram that the weighing vector that obtains is formed has carried out following emulation, gets initial angle θ in the emulation _oBe 0:

Weighing vector W with the initial beam in the such scheme ^oSubstitution (1) formula, it is as shown in Figure 3 to obtain its two-dimensional directional figure.Wherein vertical axis is represented directional diagram gain (dB), and the scope at the azimuth and the angle of depression is respectively (180 °～180 °) and (0 °～90 °).Can find out by Fig. 3, when R=0.25 λ, form wave beam two-dimensional directional figure the certain zone near 0 ° can both obtain comparatively ideal fan-shaped beam at the angle of depression, it has the main lobe and the low level secondary lobe of high-gain; Along with the increase at the angle of depression, the wave beam main lobe gain is decayed gradually, and sidelobe level increases gradually.

Weighting

substitution (2) formula of 10 wave beams that such scheme is solved, it is as shown in Figure 4 at the one dimension directional diagram at place, 0 angle of depression to obtain two groups of fan-shaped beam groups.Solid-line curve among the figure and imaginary curve are represented the beam gain (dB) of two groups of wave beam groups respectively, and perpendicular dotted line has marked out the line of demarcation between each sector, and the azimuth width of each sector is about 36 °.Can find out by Fig. 4,, not have therefore that (sign indicating number type) disturbs with frequently because every two adjacent sectors are in two wave beam groups in (sign indicating number type) channel that has different frequency; And receiving the overlapping interference maximum of the directional diagram of wave beam in the same beam group, each sector all is no more than-17dB.

Such scheme is solved the weighing vector W of wave beam 1 ¹Weighting W with omni-directional pattern ⁰Substitution (1) formula can obtain its two-dimensional directional figure.Fig. 5 is the 3D end view of the two-dimensional directional figure of omni-directional pattern and wave beam 1, and wherein transverse axis is the angle of depression.Because omni-directional pattern is same on the azimuth, a curve above therefore omni-directional pattern is shown as in Fig. 5.As can beappreciated from fig. 5; The zone, the big angle of depression of wave beam will be covered by the higher omni-directional pattern of gain, if come the zoning according to wave beam and omni-directional pattern gain size, then sector and the omnidirectional zone coverage on the direction of the angle of depression approximately is respectively [0 °; 45 °] and [45 °, 90 °].Can find out by Fig. 5, wave beam at the angle of depression be the maximum sidelobe level in [0 °, 45 °] Sector Range remain on-below the 17dB.

To all add vector power W ⁰-W ¹⁰Substitution (1) formula then can obtain the two-dimensional directional figure that UCA forms in the present embodiment respectively.The 3D bottom view (promptly vertically upward direction in figure be the direction of in reality directed towards ground) of the two-dimensional directional figure that forms for present embodiment among Fig. 6 under spherical coordinates; The azimuth that its middle latitude direction is corresponding 0 °～360 °; The angle of depression that longitudinal is corresponding 0 °～90 °, the radius of spherical coordinates is represented the amplitude of directional diagram.

Fig. 7 is the sketch map that the cell area in the present embodiment is divided, and the sub-district is divided into 11 zones, and wherein area 0 is the omnidirectional zone, and regional 1-10 is 10 sectors, about 36 ° of each sector region width.Because sector and the omnidirectional zone coverage on the direction of the angle of depression approximately is respectively [0 °, 45 °] and [45 °, 90 °], so the covering radius r in omnidirectional zone determines (r ≈ h) by antenna hypothesis height h in the reality.In the present embodiment, the channel of sub-district is divided into three groups, non-omnidirectional's area 0 and two groups of set of sectors (1,3,5,7,9) and (2,4,6,8,10) do not distributed to.User in 5 sectors of every group of set of sectors uses identical frequency (sign indicating number type) channel, thereby can realize space division multiplexing, makes the channel capacity of sub-district further increase nearly 5 times.

Fig. 8 is the structure chart of instance of the present invention based on the wireless frequency spectrum multi-sector space multiplexing system of 8 array element UCA.In Fig. 8, the frequency channels of sub-district is divided into three groups, based on UCA, is two groups of sectors and an omnidirectional district with the little angle of depression area dividing of sub-district.Three groups of channels are distributed to each sector and omnidirectional district in two groups of sectors respectively.Can find out that in Fig. 8 first group of sector comprises that sector 1, sector 3, sector 5,9, the second groups of sectors in sector 7 and sector comprise sector 2, sector 4, sector 6, sector 8, sector 10.The multiplexing first group of channel of the user of first group of sector, the multiplexing second channel of the user of second group of sector, multiplexing the 3rd channel of the user of the 3rd group of sector.

Can find out that by above-mentioned test the wireless frequency spectrum multi-sector space multiplexing scheme based on 8 array element UCA that present embodiment provides is practicable, and can guarantee between the sector the overlapping interference of directional diagram about-below the 17dB.

Multi-sector space multiplexing system embodiment based on uniform circular array antenna

Fig. 9 is the structured flowchart of space multiplex system in the expression embodiment of the invention; As shown in Figure 9; Space multiplexing system comprises: uniform circular array antenna parameter determination module 910; Be used for confirming each parameter of uniform circular array antenna, parameter comprises numbers of beams M, the circular array radius R in array number N, the every group of wave beam group; Zone, first angle of depression omnidirectional overlay module 920 is used for the array number N according to uniform circular array antenna, obtains omni-directional pattern, to zone, first angle of depression omnidirectional covering of sub-district; Zone, second angle of depression omnidirectional overlay module 930; Be used for the numbers of beams M of the array number N according to uniform circular array antenna, every group of wave beam group, the radius R of circular array; Obtain two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups that comprise M wave beam respectively; Intersection fan-shaped beam group is two sectors with second angle of depression area dividing of sub-district, and two sectors are used for zone, second angle of depression omnidirectional of sub-district is covered; Distribution module 940 is used for the frequency channels of sub-district is divided into three groups, and three groups of channels are distributed to omni-directional pattern respectively covers two pairing users in sector under regional user down and the two groups of fan-shaped beam groups coverings.

In the present embodiment, the user who is covered different sectors in M the sector down by same group of fan-shaped beam group uses identical frequency (yard type) channel, thus the space division multiplexing between the realization sector; For ULA, use less relatively array element to realize that omnibearing wave beam covers, therefore reduced the cost of system and the complexity of system handles effectively; And, adopt the fan-shaped beam group intersection of two groups of different channels to cover, realized that the high-gain wave beam in each beam edge zone covers, and solved same frequency (sign indicating number type) interference problem of adjacent beams effectively; In addition; Except that the zone, second angle of depression (being zone, the little angle of depression) of the fan-shaped beam group intersection coverage cell that adopts two groups of different channels; Also adopt the UCA omni-directional pattern that zone, first angle of depression, sub-district (zone, the big angle of depression) covered; Antenna in cell below near zone is merged into an omnidirectional zone, alleviated effectively in the existing cell sector system because of each sector, this zone adjacent overstocked cause frequently stride the sector switching problem.

Wherein, first angle of depression zone omnidirectional overlay module 920 comprises that first weighting circuit confirms the submodule and the first connexon module.First weighting circuit confirms that submodule is used for according to omni-directional pattern, confirms first weighting circuit, and the weighing vector of first weighting circuit does ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="W"\; filenames="H2009100935836E00021.png,H2009100935836E00022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}^0=\frac{1}{N}(\mathrm{1,1},...,1);$ The first connexon module is used for each bay of uniform circular array antenna is connected with first weighting circuit is parallel.

Zone, second angle of depression omnidirectional overlay module 930 comprises: second weighting circuit is confirmed the submodule and the second connexon module.Second weighting circuit confirms that submodule is used for the numbers of beams M of the array number N according to uniform circular array antenna, every group of wave beam group, the radius R of circular array, confirms second weighting circuit.Second link block is used for each bay of uniform circular array antenna is connected with second weighting circuit is parallel.Second weighting circuit confirms that submodule further comprises: the initial beam weighing vector is confirmed the weighing vector acquiring unit of unit and intersection fan-shaped beam group.The initial beam weighing vector confirms that the unit is used for confirming the weighing vector initial beam weighing vector W of second weighting circuit ^oThe weighing vector acquiring unit of intersection fan-shaped beam group is used to utilize the uniform circular array antenna directional diagram, to the weighing vector W of initial beam ^oCarry out the coefficient operation, obtain the weighing vector W of two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups ¹To W ^2M

Further, the initial beam weighing vector confirms that the unit comprises: the circular array radius chooses that subelement, desired orientation figure are provided with submodule, optimization objective function is set up subelement, optimum weighing vector computation subunit.The circular array radius is chosen subelement and is used for the value of circular array radius R is arranged in the scope less than 0.3 times of wavelength; Desired orientation figure is provided with the θ that is oriented to that subelement is used to be provided with initial beam _c=0, main lobe width is θ _w=2 π/M, and, by following form desired orientation figure F is set _e(θ, 0) (θ ∈ [180 °, 180 °]): $\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{F}_e(\mathrm{\&theta;},0)=0& |\mathrm{\&theta;}-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_c|>{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_w/2\\ F_e(\mathrm{\&theta;},0)=1& |\mathrm{\&theta;}-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_c|\&le;{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_w/2\end{array}\right.;$ Optimization objective function is set up subelement and is used to set up optimization objective function ${\mathrm{\&rho;}}^2\left(W\right)={\&Integral;}_{-\mathrm{\&pi;}}^{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{|F_e(\mathrm{\&theta;},0)-F(\mathrm{\&theta;},0)|}^2\mathrm{D\&theta;},$ Wherein ρ (W) is F (θ, 0) and F _eThe mean square distance of (θ, 0); F (θ, 0) gets and decides the angle of depression for only considering plane, UCA circular array place

The time, the one dimension pattern function of uniform circular array antenna, its form is: $F(\mathrm{\&theta;},0)=\underset{n=0}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{w}_n\mathrm{Exp}\left[\mathrm{J\&beta;}R\mathrm{Cos}(\mathrm{\&theta;}-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_n)\right];$ Optimum weighing vector computation subunit is used to utilize the L-M optimal method that the optimization objective function formula is carried out iteration optimization, solves optimum weighing vector $W^o={(w_0^o,w_1^o,...,w_{N-1}^o)}^T,$ And with it as the initial beam weighing vector.

The weighing vector acquiring unit of intersection fan-shaped beam group comprises: the contrary DFT subelement of the weighing vector of the weighing vector DFT subelement of initial beam, the weighing vector DFT subelement of fan-shaped beam group, fan-shaped beam group.The weighing vector DFT subelement of initial beam is used for the weighing vector to initial beam $W^o={(w_0^o,w_1^o,...,w_{N-1}^o)}^T$ Carry out DFT, obtain the DFT vector of initial beam weighing vector ${\hat{W}}^o={({\hat{w}}_0^o,{\hat{w}}_1^o,...,{\hat{w}}_{N-1}^o)}^T;$ The weighing vector DFT subelement of fan-shaped beam group is used for according to actual needs, sets the initial angle θ of first wave beam in two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups _o, through ${\hat{w}}_k^m={\hat{w}}_k^o\&CenterDot;e^{-j(k\frac{\mathrm{M\&pi;}}{M}+{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_o)}$ Calculate the weighing vector DFT of two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups ${\hat{W}}^m={({\hat{w}}_0^m,{\hat{w}}_1^m,...,{\hat{w}}_{N-1}^m)}^T,$ Wherein, k=0,1 ..., N-1, m=1,2 ..., 2M; It is right that the contrary DFT subelement of the weighing vector of fan-shaped beam group is used for

Extremely

Carry out contrary DFT, obtain the weighing vector W of two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups ¹To W ^2M

More than a kind of multi-sector space multiplexing method based on uniform circular array antenna provided by the present invention, space multiplexing system are described in detail; Used specific case herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, the part that all can change in specific embodiments and applications, to sum up, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the multi-sector space multiplexing method based on uniform circular array antenna is characterized in that, said method comprises the steps:

The uniform circular array antenna parameter is confirmed step, confirms each parameter of uniform circular array antenna, and said parameter comprises numbers of beams M, the circular array radius R in array number N, the every group of wave beam group;

Zone, first angle of depression omnidirectional covers step, and the array number N according to said uniform circular array antenna obtains omni-directional pattern, and omnidirectional covers to zone, first angle of depression, sub-district;

Zone, second angle of depression omnidirectional covers step; According to the numbers of beams M in the array number N of said uniform circular array antenna, the every group of wave beam group, the radius R of circular array; Obtain two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups that comprise M wave beam respectively, said intersection fan-shaped beam group is that two groups of sectors realize zone, second angle of depression, sub-district omnidirectional is covered through second angle of depression area dividing with the sub-district;

Allocation step is three groups with the channel distribution of sub-district, and with three groups of channels distribute to zone, said first angle of depression respectively, two groups of sectors being divided by zone, second angle of depression user under covering.

2. multi-sector space multiplexing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said first angle of depression zone omnidirectional covers step and further comprises:

First weighting circuit is confirmed step; According to said omni-directional pattern; Confirm first weighting circuit, the weighing vector of said first weighting circuit is

First Connection Step is connected each bay in the said uniform circular array antenna and said first weighting circuit are parallel.

3. multi-sector space multiplexing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said second angle of depression zone omnidirectional covers step and further comprises:

Second weighting circuit is confirmed step, according to the numbers of beams M in the array number N of said uniform circular array antenna, the every group of wave beam group, the radius R of circular array, confirms second weighting circuit;

Second Connection Step is connected each bay in the said uniform circular array antenna and said second weighting circuit are parallel;

Wherein, said second weighting circuit confirms that step further comprises:

The initial beam weighing vector is confirmed step, confirms initial beam weighing vector W in the weighing vector of second weighting circuit ^o

The weighing vector obtaining step of intersection fan-shaped beam group utilizes the uniform circular array antenna directional diagram, to the weighing vector W of said initial beam ^oCarry out the coefficient operation, obtain the weighing vector W of said two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups ¹-W ^2M

4. multi-sector space multiplexing method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, said initial beam weighing vector confirms that step further comprises:

The circular array radius is chosen step, and the value of said circular array radius R is arranged in the scope less than 0.3 times of wavelength;

Desired orientation figure is provided with step, and the θ that is oriented to of said initial beam is set _c=0, main lobe width does

And, desired orientation figure is set by following form

The optimization objective function establishment step is set up optimization objective function

Wherein ρ (W) is F (θ, 0) and F _eThe mean square distance of (θ, 0); F (θ, 0) promptly gets and decides the angle of depression for only considering plane, UCA circular array place

The time, the one dimension pattern function of uniform circular array antenna, its form is: $F(\mathrm{\&theta;},0)=\underset{n=0}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{w}_n\mathrm{Exp}\left\{\mathrm{J\&beta;}R\mathrm{Cos}(\mathrm{\&theta;}-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_n)\right];$

Wherein, β=2 π/λ, λ are signal wavelength; θ is the azimuth,

Be the angle of depression; θ _nBe the angle of n array element on circumference, θ is arranged _n=2 π n/N (n=0,1..., N-1),

Be weighing vector $W={(w_0,w_1,...,w_{N-1})}^T$ Element;

Optimum weighing vector calculation procedure; Utilize the L-M optimal method that said optimization objective function formula is carried out iteration optimization, solve optimum weighing vector

and with it as the initial beam weighing vector.

5. multi-sector space multiplexing method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the weighing vector of said intersection fan-shaped beam group obtains and comprises the steps:

The weighing vector DFT step of initial beam; Weighing vector

to said initial beam carries out DFT, obtains the DFT vector

of initial beam weighing vector

The weighing vector DFT step of fan-shaped beam group according to actual needs, is set the initial angle θ of first wave beam in said two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups _o, through

Calculate the DFT of the weighing vector of said two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups Wherein, k=0,1 ..., N-1, m=1,2 ..., 2M;

The contrary DFT step of the weighing vector of fan-shaped beam group is right

Extremely

Carry out contrary DFT, obtain the weighing vector W of two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups ¹-W ^2M

6. multi-sector space multiplexing system based on uniform circular array antenna is characterized in that said system comprises:

Uniform circular array antenna parameter determination module is used for confirming that each parameter of uniform circular array antenna, said parameter comprise numbers of beams M, the circular array radius R in array number N, the every group of wave beam group;

Zone, first angle of depression omnidirectional overlay module is used for the array number N according to said uniform circular array antenna, obtains omni-directional pattern, to zone, first angle of depression omnidirectional covering of sub-district;

Zone, second angle of depression omnidirectional overlay module; Be used for the array number N according to said uniform circular array antenna, the numbers of beams M of every group of wave beam group, the radius R of circular array; Obtain two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups that comprise M wave beam respectively, said intersection fan-shaped beam group is that two groups of sectors realize zone, second angle of depression, sub-district omnidirectional is covered through second angle of depression area dividing with the sub-district;

Distribution module is used for the frequency channels of sub-district is divided into three groups, and three groups of channels are distributed to said omni-directional pattern respectively covers two groups of pairing users in sector under regional user down and the said two groups of fan-shaped beam groups covering.

7. multi-sector space multiplexing according to claim 6 system is characterized in that, said first angle of depression zone omnidirectional overlay module comprises:

First weighting circuit is confirmed submodule, is used for confirming first weighting circuit according to said omni-directional pattern, and the weighing vector of said first weighting circuit does $W^0=\frac{1}{N}(\mathrm{1,1},...,1);$

The first connexon module is used for each bay of said uniform circular array antenna is connected with said first weighting circuit is parallel.

8. multi-sector space multiplexing according to claim 7 system is characterized in that, said second angle of depression zone omnidirectional overlay module comprises:

Second weighting circuit is confirmed submodule, is used for the array number N according to said uniform circular array antenna, the numbers of beams M of every group of wave beam group, the radius R of circular array, confirms second weighting circuit;

The second connexon module is used for each bay of said uniform circular array antenna is connected with said second weighting circuit is parallel;

Wherein, said second weighting circuit confirms that submodule further comprises:

The initial beam weighing vector is confirmed the unit, is used for confirming the weighing vector initial beam weighing vector W of second weighting circuit ^o

The weighing vector acquiring unit of intersection fan-shaped beam group is used to utilize the uniform circular array antenna directional diagram, to the weighing vector W of said initial beam ^oCarry out the coefficient operation, obtain the weighing vector W of said two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups ¹To W ^2M

9. multi-sector space multiplexing according to claim 8 system is characterized in that said initial beam weighing vector confirms that the unit comprises:

The circular array radius is chosen subelement, is used for the value of said circular array radius R is arranged in the scope less than 0.3 times of wavelength;

Desired orientation figure is provided with subelement, is used to be provided with the θ that is oriented to of said initial beam _c=0, main lobe width does

And, desired orientation figure is set by following form

Optimization objective function is set up subelement, is used to set up optimization objective function

Wherein ρ (W) is F (θ, 0) and F _eThe mean square distance of (θ, 0); F (θ, 0) gets and decides the angle of depression for only considering plane, UCA circular array place

The time, the one dimension pattern function of uniform circular array antenna, its form is: $F(\mathrm{\&theta;},0)=\underset{n=0}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{w}_n\mathrm{Exp}\left[\mathrm{J\&beta;}R\mathrm{Cos}(\mathrm{\&theta;}-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_n)\right];$

Wherein, β=2 π/λ, λ are signal wavelength; θ is the azimuth,

Be the angle of depression; θ _nBe the angle of n array element on circumference, θ is arranged _n=2 π n/N (n=0,1..., N-1), Be weighing vector $W={(w_0,w_1,...,w_{N-1})}^T$ Element;

Optimum weighing vector computation subunit; Be used to utilize the L-M optimal method that said optimization objective function formula is carried out iteration optimization, solve optimum weighing vector

and with it as the initial beam weighing vector.

10. multi-sector space multiplexing according to claim 8 system is characterized in that the weighing vector acquiring unit of said intersection fan-shaped beam group comprises:

The weighing vector DFT subelement of initial beam; The weighing vector that is used for said initial beam carries out DFT, obtains the DFT vector

of initial beam weighing vector

The weighing vector DFT subelement of fan-shaped beam group is used for according to actual needs, sets the initial angle θ of first wave beam in said two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups _o, through

Calculate the weighing vector DFT of said two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups

Wherein, k=0,1 ..., N-1, m=1,2 ..., 2M;

The contrary DFT subelement of the weighing vector of fan-shaped beam group, it is right to be used for

Extremely

Carry out contrary DFT, obtain the weighing vector W of two groups of intersection fan-shaped beam groups ¹To W ^2M

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