CN100395925C - Method and apparatus for full optical fiber Q-switched laser - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for full optical fiber Q-switched laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN100395925C CN100395925C CNB2006100116075A CN200610011607A CN100395925C CN 100395925 C CN100395925 C CN 100395925C CN B2006100116075 A CNB2006100116075 A CN B2006100116075A CN 200610011607 A CN200610011607 A CN 200610011607A CN 100395925 C CN100395925 C CN 100395925C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and a device for a Q-modulation laser with full optical fibers, which belongs to the technical field of an optical fiber laser. The end surfaces of the two optical fiber are butted horizontally, and the coupling loss between optical fibers is changed by changing the axial relative spacing, the radial relative position or the relative inclination of axial cords between the end surfaces of the two optical fiber; thereby, the Q value of a resonant cavity is changed. The device also comprises a protecting and clamping structure for optical fibers, so that the smooth motion of the optical fibers is assured. The end surfaces of the optical fibers adopt planes which are vertical to form a certain angle or sphere surfaces which are butted with each other. Films are plated between the end surfaces of the optical fibers. The present invention has the advantages of simple structure and easy operation. Meanwhile, the present invention uses a full optical fiber structure, has no need of an additional block-shaped Q-modulation element, effectively reduces the requirements of the insertion loss, the alignment precision and the mechanical stability of the traditional Q-modulation mode, and can be used for generating optical fiber laser pulses with double claddings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Q-regulating method and device that is used for fiber laser, belong to the fiber laser technology field.
Background technology
Laser has become the main motive force of social progress development rapidly since the nineteen sixty invention.Than continuous laser, pulse laser has been brought into play more importantly effect in fields such as industrial processes, message transmission, remote sensing and military and national defense.Along with the succeeding in developing of doubly clad optical fiber (as Fig. 1 (a)) and the semiconductor laser pumping source is increasingly mature, the cladding pumping technology has obtained improving constantly, therefore the Q switching fiber laser has caused researcher's common concern in recent years as one of effective means that realizes high power pulses laser.Quality factor q is an important parameter of laserresonator, and it is inversely proportional to the loss of resonant cavity, that is to say that the loss of the big then resonant cavity of Q value is less, and the loss of the little then resonant cavity of Q value is bigger.Laser Q switching basic principle changes the loss of resonator exactly, thereby changes the Q value, promptly at the laser pumping initial stage, be in the low reactance-resistance ratio state, increase cavity loss, improve oscillation threshold, suppress laser and produce, thereby the inverted population of upper laser level is accumulated in a large number; Improve the Q value then, reduce loss, reduce threshold value, impel the particle avalanche type that is accumulated in energy level to transit to low-lying level, obtain the high giant pulse laser output of peak power suddenly.
Now general double-clad optical fiber laser Q switching mainly adopts passive, electric light and three kinds of modes of acoustooptic modulation.Passive Q-switch is divided into two big classes because of saturated absorption medium difference again, promptly adds saturated absorption body structure and saturated absorption optical fiber structure.The former technology maturation, but can introduce bigger insertion loss; The latter has realized the accent Q mode of full fiberize, but still is in the conceptual phase of mechanism and engineering.All things considered, passive Q-adjusted mode is simple in structure, is regulated but its repetition rate can not be independent of other parameters, can't bring into play the convenient, flexible characteristics of fiber laser.
The accent Q mode of electric light and acousto-optic shown in Fig. 1 (b), is inserted electric light or acousto-optic crystal (13) in resonant cavity, when adding the signal of telecommunication when driving, change because the electric light of crystal or acoustooptical effect produce loss, thereby realize that Q switching turns round.The electric-optically Q-switched higher voltage that needs; And acousto-optic Q modulation, switching capability is relatively poor relatively, be used for the low gain laser more, and this dual mode has all inserted block regulon therein, complex structure has increased the insertion loss of resonant cavity, has reduced overall performance, simultaneously the alignment precision and the mechanical stability of element in the chamber are had higher requirement, increased the difficulty of practical popularization.
Therefore, need the Q impulse of the method generation double-clad optical fiber laser of a kind of full fiberize of research, simple in structure feasible, easy to adjust, farthest reduce the insertion loss of system simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to add modulating unit mostly at the double-clad optical fiber laser Q switching that prior art exists, the insertion loss is big, the defective that mechanical stability and alignment precision are had relatively high expectations simultaneously, be method and the device that proposes a kind of full optical fiber Q-switched laser, this method and device need not to increase block regulating element and corresponding collimation, coupled system, can effectively avoid the insertion loss of traditional approach, and it is little to have volume simultaneously concurrently, characteristics simple in structure, as to be easy to control.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method of utilizing the butt joint loss change to produce all-fiber Q laser is characterized in that this method carries out as follows:
1) in fiber laser, with two sections or the butt joint of multistage optical fiber level, two both ends of the surface are fitted, and make fiber laser be in high Q state of value earlier; Described optical fiber adopts doubly clad optical fiber, or the non-impurity-doped ordinary optic fibre, and the end face of optical fiber is the plane or the sphere of vertical grinding and polishing or angle grinding and polishing, and the grinding and polishing angle during described angle grinding and polishing is identical.
2) adopt following several modes to regulate:
A) adopt the axial adjustment mode, regulate the axial relative spacing of two butt joint end faces, influence the clearance loss of coupled transfer between optical fiber, realize Q-switched fiber laser;
B) adopt the radiai adjustment mode, regulate the radially relative position of two butt joint end faces, influence the lateral offset loss of coupled transfer between optical fiber, or regulate the relative position on the direction of angle of inclination between fiber end face, change its lateral offset loss, realize Q-switched fiber laser;
C) adopt anglec of rotation regulative mode, regulate the relative inclination of two shaft axis of optic fibre, influence the angle of inclination loss of coupled transfer between optical fiber, realize Q-switched fiber laser;
D) adopt the axial adjustment mode, axially draw back a slit after two fiber end faces are fitted, regulate the axial relative spacing between two butt joint end faces again, utilize Fabry-Perot (F-P) principle of interference, regulate fiber alignment place transmitance, realize Q-switched fiber laser.
In order further to increase the extinction ratio of Q switching, in said method, step a), b) and c) described in fiber end face can plate anti-reflection film, the fiber end face described in the step d) can plate high-reflecting film.
The Q-modulating device that the present invention proposes, it is characterized in that: this device comprises the optical fiber and the device that can cause the relative variation of axial spacing of two sections level butt joints, described two sections optical fiber are separately fixed on the described device, or one section optical fiber wherein fixes, and another section is fixed on the described device.
The Q-modulating device that the present invention proposes is characterized in that: this device comprise two sections butt joints optical fiber, can cause device and fiber fixed frame that relative position radially changes, wherein one section optical fiber is fixed on the fiber fixed frame, another section is fixed on the described device.
The Q-modulating device that the present invention proposes, it is characterized in that: this device comprises two sections non-impurity-doped ordinary optic fibres with angle of inclination butt joint, two sections doubly clad optical fibers, the device and the fiber fixed frame that can move along the angle of inclination direction, wherein one section non-impurity-doped ordinary optic fibre is fixed on fiber fixed frame, and another section is fixed on the described device; The end face of described two sections doubly clad optical fibers is respectively with the end face welding of described two sections non-impurity-doped ordinary optic fibres or directly be connected.
The Q-modulating device that the present invention proposes, it is characterized in that: this device comprises one section intermediate fibres, two sections optical fiber that dock with the both ends of the surface of intermediate fibres respectively, can cause the device and the fiber fixed frame of radially relative position variation, described intermediate fibres is fixed on the described device, and two sections optical fiber that dock with intermediate fibres are fixed on the fiber fixed frame.
Can cause device that axial spacing changes relatively, can cause device that relative position radially changes and the device employing piezoelectric ceramic that can move along the angle of inclination direction described in the Q-modulating device that the present invention proposes.
The outside of optical fiber is provided with contact pin described in the Q-modulating device that the present invention proposes, and contact pin and optical fiber closely cooperate.
Contact pin described in the Q-modulating device that the present invention proposes is arranged in the sleeve, and contact pin slides in sleeve.
The present invention compared with prior art, have the following advantages and the high-lighting effect: the butt joint loss Q-regulating method that is used for double-clad optical fiber laser that the present invention proposes, realized the accent Q of full fiberize, need not to add block accent Q unit and corresponding collimation, coupled system, therefore reduced insertion loss and mechanical stability requirement that conventional art brings greatly.Loss when the present invention has effectively utilized fiber alignment is carried out the Q value and is regulated, when adopting the end play loss to regulate, piezoelectric ceramic is subjected to the signal of telecommunication and drives elongation, oscillating laser in the part double-clad optical fiber laser is because the influence of the angle of divergence, can't go into to inject in the fibre core of another section gain fibre, but enter the transmission of pumping covering, and so not only greatly reduce the obtainable gain of this part laser, increased its loss simultaneously.Because pumping laser has bigger numerical aperture, its bigger angle of divergence makes that leaking appears at the fiber alignment place in pump light, thereby reduces its pump absorption efficient, has also stoped the formation of oscillating laser.This mode adjustable range is bigger, and the precision height is easy to control.When employing lateral offset loss was radially regulated, because optical fiber has very thin fibre core, minimum radial displacement meeting produced a very large impact the coupling loss in chamber, and laser can't be incided in the fibre core of another section optical fiber, thereby stoped laser to form.This mode is very responsive to displacement, changes soon, and the giant pulse that is easy to high-peak power produces.When adopting the inclination loss to transfer Q, the variation of angle can cause the change of coupling efficiency equally.Different with preceding dual mode, the inclination loss transfers Q responsive more to the optical fiber of the low numerical aperture of big core diameter.When adopting the Fabry-Perot interference principle to regulate, the infinitesimal displacement of fiber end face will produce a very large impact the coupled transfer transmitance, and adjustable range is big, and switching capability is strong, needs at surface plating high-reflecting film but be generally the increasing extinction ratio.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the doubly clad optical fiber structural representation.
Fig. 1 (b) is traditional acousto-optic or electric-optically Q-switched method basic principle figure.
Fig. 2 (a) is that first kind of example structure schematic diagram of Q scheme transferred in butt joint loss provided by the invention, adopts end play loss adjusting device.
Fig. 2 (b) is applied to a kind of embodiment of Q-switched fiber laser system for the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of second kind of embodiment provided by the invention, adopts radial misalignments loss adjusting device.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the third embodiment provided by the invention, the lateral offset loss adjusting device that adopts special angle to move.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the 4th kind of embodiment provided by the invention, adopts angle of inclination loss adjusting device.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the 5th kind of embodiment provided by the invention, adopts the Fabry-Perot interference principle adjusting device of end play.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the 6th kind of embodiment provided by the invention, adopts three sections optical fiber radial misalignments loss adjusting devices.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the 7th kind of embodiment provided by the invention, and butt joint loss regulon adopts end play loss adjusting device, and end face has adopted the sphere (tiltedly sphere) at certain inclination angle to handle.
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the 8th kind of embodiment provided by the invention, and butt joint loss regulon adopts the end play loss adjusting device of band optical fiber clamp structure.
Among Fig. 1～Fig. 9,1-doubly clad optical fiber, the gain core of 2-doubly clad optical fiber, 3-non-impurity-doped ordinary optic fibre, the 4-oscillating laser, 5-pump light, 6-piezoelectric ceramic, 7-optical connection sleeve, the 8-optical fiber contact pins, 9-driving power, 10-anti-reflection film, the 11-fiber fixed frame, 12-optical maser wavelength high reflection mirror, 13-acousto-optic or electrooptic crystal, the 14-lens combination, 15-double color plate, 16-butt joint loss regulon, the 17-fiber grating, 18-welding point, 19-high-reflecting film.
Embodiment
A kind of method of utilizing the butt joint loss to change generation all-fiber Q laser provided by the invention, its concrete steps are as follows:
1) in fiber laser, with two sections or the butt joint of multistage optical fiber level, two both ends of the surface are fitted, and make fiber laser be in high Q state of value earlier; Described optical fiber adopts doubly clad optical fiber 1, or non-impurity-doped ordinary optic fibre 3, and the end face of optical fiber is the plane or the sphere of vertical grinding and polishing or angle grinding and polishing, and the grinding and polishing angle during described angle grinding and polishing is identical.During adjusting, the following several modes of optional usefulness are regulated:
A) adopt the axial adjustment mode, regulate the axial relative spacing of two butt joint end faces, influence the clearance loss of coupled transfer between optical fiber, realize Q-switched fiber laser;
B) adopt the radiai adjustment mode, regulate the radially relative position of two butt joint end faces, influence the lateral offset loss of coupled transfer between optical fiber, or regulate the relative position on the direction of angle of inclination between fiber end face, change its lateral offset loss, realize Q-switched fiber laser;
C) adopt anglec of rotation regulative mode, regulate the relative inclination of two shaft axis of optic fibre, influence the angle of inclination loss of coupled transfer between optical fiber, realize Q-switched fiber laser;
D) adopt the axial adjustment mode, axially draw back a slit after two fiber end faces are fitted, regulate the axial relative spacing between two butt joint end faces again, utilize the Fabry-Perot interference principle, regulate the transmitance at fiber alignment place, realize Q-switched fiber laser.
In order further to increase the extinction ratio of Q switching, above-mentioned steps a), b) and c) described in fiber end face plating anti-reflection film, the fiber end face plating high-reflecting film described in the step d).
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing concrete enforcement of the present invention is further described:
First kind of embodiment shown in Fig. 2 (a), adopted the axial adjustment mode, 1 liang of link of doubly clad optical fiber is carried out grinding and polishing processing, guarantee that its surface has good fineness (less than 10nm), and both ends of the surface have consistent grinding and polishing angle (less than 0.1 °), thus the coupling loss when farthest reducing the both ends of the surface butt joint.With above-mentioned two sections optic fibre ends butt joint, guarantee the radial misalignments error less than 0.8 μ m, the angle of inclination error is less than 0.1 °, and the end play error is less than 1 μ m.Can be individually fixed in the device two ends that can cause that axial spacing changes relatively, also can fix by an end, the other end places and can cause that this device adopts piezoelectric ceramic 6, also can adopt mechanical device to carry out axial adjustment on the relative device that changes of axial spacing.When driving power 9 during with certain voltage drive pressure electroceramics 6, because its inverse piezoelectric effect, distance between the optical fiber both ends of the surface strengthens with the axial elongation of piezoelectric ceramic 6, because laser 4 has certain angle of divergence, part laser 4 can't be coupled in the gain core 2 of doubly clad optical fiber again, clearance loss will increase and increase (for core diameter 22 μ m, the doubly clad optical fiber 1 of numerical aperture 0.06, the big appointment of spacing 15 μ m produces the clearance loss of 3dB) with spacing.For reducing Fabry-Perot interference effect and the return loss between two parallel end faces this moment, need plating anti-reflection film 10 between fiber end face.Such butt joint loss regulon 16 is placed laserresonator (shown in Fig. 2 (b)), and cavity loss will increase greatly, be in the formation that the low reactance-resistance ratio state stops oscillating laser 4 this moment; Suddenly remove applied voltage again, the optical fiber both ends of the surface can be recovered low the damage and connect, and two fiber gratings 17 form the chamber mirror, and resonant cavity is in high Q state of value, forms giant pulse output.Accent Q system shown in Fig. 2 (b) only is the embodiment that butt joint loss regulon 16 is used, and also it can be extended to the isostructural system of annular chamber.This mode adjustable range is bigger, and the precision height is easy to control.
Second kind of embodiment adopted the radiai adjustment mode as shown in Figure 3.This device comprises the optical fiber of two sections butt joints, will be wherein an optical fiber 1 end be fixed on the fiber fixed frame 11, the other end is fixed in separately on the piezoelectric ceramic 6, utilizes its radially flexible, increases the lateral offset loss of optical fiber 1 end face, realizes the adjusting of Q value.When employing lateral offset loss is radially regulated, because optical fiber has very thin fibre core 2, minimum radial displacement meeting produces a very large impact the coupling loss in chamber, laser can't be incided in the fibre core 2 of another section optical fiber (for core diameter 22 μ m, the doubly clad optical fiber of numerical aperture 0.06, the big appointment of 8 μ m that misplaces causes the lateral offset loss of 3dB).This mode is comparatively responsive to displacement, changes soon, and the giant pulse that is easy to high-peak power produces.
The third embodiment has as shown in Figure 4 adopted the mobile regulative mode of certain special angle.This device comprises two sections non-impurity-doped ordinary optic fibres 3 with angle of inclination butt joint, two sections doubly clad optical fibers 1, the device and the fiber fixed frame 11 that can move along the angle of inclination direction, wherein one section non-impurity-doped ordinary optic fibre 3 is fixed on fiber fixed frame 11, and another section is fixed on the described device; The end face of described two sections doubly clad optical fibers 1 is respectively with the end face welding of described two sections non-impurity-doped ordinary optic fibres or directly be connected.Such structure can guarantee that the fiber end face of certain angle grinding and polishing realizes good fit in moving process.Two sections non-impurity-doped ordinary optic fibres 3 have been adopted simultaneously, by they are constituted laserresonator with doubly clad optical fiber 1 welding 18 (or directly being connected).
As shown in Figure 5 the 4th kind of embodiment, (for core diameter 22 μ m, the doubly clad optical fiber of numerical aperture 0.06,1.2 ° the big appointment of shaft axis of optic fibre angle causes the inclination loss of 3dB) are regulated in the inclination loss that has produced when having utilized two fiber end faces to tilt.Different with the radiai adjustment dual mode with axial adjustment, the inclination loss transfers Q responsive more to the optical fiber of the low numerical aperture of big core diameter.Two optical fiber among the figure are respectively doubly clad optical fiber 1 and non-impurity-doped ordinary optic fibre 3.
The 5th kind of embodiment as shown in Figure 6, with two fiber end face grinding and polishing finished surfaces plating high-reflecting film 19, accurate again butt joint guarantees the radial misalignments error less than 0.8 μ m, and the angle of inclination error is less than 0.1 °, and the end play error is less than 1 μ m.Then with both ends of the surface axial withdrawal one slit (for core diameter 22 μ m, the doubly clad optical fiber 1 of numerical aperture 0.06, draw back the gap at 3～6 micrometer ranges), utilize the axial spacing of the flexible change fiber end face of piezoelectric ceramic 6 again, according to the Fabry-Perot interference principle, can change the transmitance that optical fiber is of coupled connections, thereby realize Q-switched fiber laser.When utilizing this mode, the end face of optical fiber is the plane of vertical grinding and polishing or angle grinding and polishing, and in order to increase the extinction ratio of optical fiber, end face need plate high-reflecting film.This accent Q mode is very responsive, and the variation in optical fiber gap can realize the Q value mutation in sub-micrometer scale, helps the generation of giant pulse.
The 6th kind of embodiment as shown in Figure 7, this device comprises one section intermediate fibres, two sections optical fiber that dock with the both ends of the surface of intermediate fibres respectively, can cause the device and the fiber fixed frame 11 of radially relative position variation, described intermediate fibres is fixed on the described device, and two sections optical fiber that dock with intermediate fibres are fixed.Adopted the radiai adjustment mode on fiber fixed frame, realized that the lateral offset loss of three sections optical fiber is regulated, this mode is responsive more, and switching capability is doubled than second kind of embodiment.If further improve switching capability, shorten switching time, can realize by increasing the mode that optical fiber docks end face in twos.
The 7th kind of embodiment as shown in Figure 8 adopted the axial adjustment mode, the sphere of the angled grinding and polishing of fiber end face, and common machining angle is about 8 °.Sphere is handled and can be guaranteed that fiber core 2 parts realize good physics contact, reduce the loss that is of coupled connections; The Fresnel reflection loss (return loss) of end face about 4% when the fiber end face of angle grinding and polishing can effectively reduce vertical incidence, but the difficulty of processing and the required precision that butt joint is adjusted improved.
The 8th kind of embodiment as shown in Figure 9 adopted optical fiber sleeve 7 and contact pin 8 structures, and contact pin 8 is positioned at the fastening optical fiber in doubly clad optical fiber 1 outside, carries out grinding and polishing processing with fiber end face, guarantees to have consistent grinding and polishing angle with fiber end face.Two contact pins 8 can be in sleeve 7 motion vertically, 7 in sleeve has played the guide rail effect of fibre movement, the accurate butt joint that can guarantee optical fiber with separate.Two contact pins 8 stretch out sleeve 7 outer parts and are connected with the two ends of piezoelectric ceramic 6 respectively.When with certain voltage drive pressure electroceramics 6, because its inverse piezoelectric effect will cause axial elongation, relative motion also takes place in two contact pins 8 thereupon, causes between doubly clad optical fiber 1 end face end play to occur, changes clearance loss, regulates laser Q value.
In the above-described embodiment, adopt piezoelectric ceramic to change end play, radial misalignments or the angle tilt of optical fiber in the butt joint loss adjusting device, but be not limited only to piezoelectric ceramic, also can adopt the adjusting device of machinery.
Claims (2)
1. one kind is utilized the butt joint loss to change the Q-modulating device that produces all-fiber Q laser, it is characterized in that: this Q-modulating device comprises one section intermediate fibres, two sections optical fiber that dock with the both ends of the surface of intermediate fibres respectively, can cause the device and the fiber fixed frame (11) of radially relative position variation, described intermediate fibres is fixed on and describedly can causes that described two sections optical fiber that dock with the both ends of the surface of intermediate fibres respectively are fixed on the described fiber fixed frame on the device that relative position radially changes.
2. change the Q-modulating device that produces all-fiber Q laser according to the described utilization butt joint of claim 1 loss, it is characterized in that: the described device employing piezoelectric ceramic (6) that can cause radially relative position variation.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101533988B (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2012-02-01 | 伍峰 | Single mode fiber Q-modulating device |
| CN101888055A (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2010-11-17 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | F-P cavity Q switch driven by piezoelectric ceramics |
| US10768433B2 (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2020-09-08 | Nlight, Inc. | Beam parameter product (bpp) control by varying fiber-to-fiber angle |
| CN108549129A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-09-18 | 广州佳隆信息科技有限公司 | A kind of laser power precision regulating method and laser power precision regulator |
| CN116608891B (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-11-03 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Optical fiber F-P cavity sensor and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN1349291A (en) * | 2000-10-12 | 2002-05-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | Ring optical fiber Q-switching laser |
| JP2005183853A (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-07 | Fujikura Ltd | Optical fiber laser system |
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Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01181584A (en) * | 1988-01-11 | 1989-07-19 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Optical fiber laser device |
| US5444723A (en) * | 1993-08-18 | 1995-08-22 | Institut National D'optique | Optical switch and Q-switched laser |
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