CN100391190C - Multiple network fault tolerance via redundant network control - Google Patents
Multiple network fault tolerance via redundant network control Download PDFInfo
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- CN100391190C CN100391190C CNB018055184A CN01805518A CN100391190C CN 100391190 C CN100391190 C CN 100391190C CN B018055184 A CNB018055184 A CN B018055184A CN 01805518 A CN01805518 A CN 01805518A CN 100391190 C CN100391190 C CN 100391190C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L12/40169—Flexible bus arrangements
- H04L12/40176—Flexible bus arrangements involving redundancy
- H04L12/40189—Flexible bus arrangements involving redundancy by using a plurality of bus systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
- H04L41/0654—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery
- H04L41/0663—Performing the actions predefined by failover planning, e.g. switching to standby network elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
- H04L43/0805—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
- H04L43/0811—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking connectivity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/40—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass for recovering from a failure of a protocol instance or entity, e.g. service redundancy protocols, protocol state redundancy or protocol service redirection
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for detecting and managing the state of a computer network comprising network nodes with redundant network connections, and for recovering from multiple network faults. In one embodiment, a network status table is employed in each node to manage data related to the network state between the node and other nodes in the network. In various embodiments, rerouting of data is managed independently such that a communication path is independently selected for sending data from a node to a connected node and for receiving data from the connected node. The invention in some embodiments is operable to route data through one or more intermediate nodes where direct connection between a pair of nodes is not possible.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to a kind of computer network, in particular, relate to a kind of method and apparatus that the failure tolerant network is provided, this failure tolerant network with can detect multiple network fault and have redundant the connection with the network node that therefrom recovers.
Informing of common pending trial (copending) application
The application relates to following common co-pending application, and these applications are for referencial use and introduce at this:
" failure tolerant network ", sequence number 09/188,976;
The lawyer piece number 256.045usl that tries a case fully.
Background technology
Computer network has become more and more important to communication and productivity in the environment that carries out work that uses a computer.Email has replaced paper spare mail and fax as a kind of mode that releases news in many cases, utilizes the bulk information on the Internet to become precious resources concerning many related works and personal task.Also can share in the operational environment computer resource by the ability of computer network swap data as printer, and based on network management that can the on-line file computer.
For example, deskman's PC can be moved and install and the software by the network auto-update, produces the software that prints to data on the network printer that different clerks share with operation.This network can be used for clearing up the software and hardware that is installed on everyone computer, has greatly simplified the task of stock control.And the software and hardware structure of every computer can manage by network, just easier support user's task in network environment.
Network computer also typically is connected with one or more webservers, and the webserver offers network computer with data with resource.For example, but a large amount of software application that the server stored energy is carried out by network computer, but perhaps stored energy is visited by network computer and the database of the data used.The webserver is management access some network equipment as printer that can be used by any network computer typically also.And server can be convenient between the network computer exchanges data as Email or other similar service.
The local area network (LAN) and the data exchange capability that can provide stronger that is connected as the catenet of the Internet, as the visit of internet email or visit World Wide Web (WWW) are provided.These data connect can carry out business transaction through the application of the Internet, the development that helps the computer network exploitation and use.Provide data and as ecommerce, audio frequency or video flowing, thus service function such as Email or the operation that provides the Internet Server of other content to depend on local area network (LAN) and the Internet provide a passage between this data server and subscriber's computer system.
But the same with other electronic system, network also lives through fault.Mispairing is put, and goes offline, and out of order electronic component can make computer network be connected with many other factorses and produce fault, cause computer network may not play effect.Such fault can be reduced to minimum level by use backup or redundant network element in the key network environment as machining control, medical treatment or other important application.An example is to use second network of link key network node to connect, and it provides with first network and has been connected identical functions.But the management that connects for the ease of network operating under the network failure situation may be the task of a difficulty, and it self will bear the ability of network system or correct detection of user and compensating network fault.And when main and redundant network produces fault, the special use of arbitrary network will can not provide sufficient network operability.What need is a kind of method and apparatus that can detect and manage the computer network state that uses the redundancy communication passage.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of can the detection and comprise computer network state with network node that redundant network is connected with managing, and the method and apparatus that can from multiple network fault, recover.In one embodiment, use the data of the related network state between other node in the NST supervising the network at each node.In different embodiment, that the relocating of data managed independently send data and receive the communication path of data from the node that is connected to the node that is connected from a node so that select independently.The present invention in certain embodiments is used in a pair of node can not send data by one or more intermediate nodes under the direct-connected situation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 represents to have the schematic diagram of the computer network of the multiplex node that mainly is connected with redundant network, and is consistent with one embodiment of the present of invention.
Fig. 2 represents an example of NST, and is consistent with one embodiment of the present of invention.
Fig. 3 represents to manage the flow chart of a kind of method of the network state with the node that mainly is connected with redundant network, and it is consistent with one embodiment of the present of invention.
Embodiment
Below in the detailed description of sample of the present invention, be with reference to the accompanying drawing that forms a part of the present invention, it is by explaining that the present invention can represent by the actual concrete sample that uses.Can make those skilled in the art implement the present invention after the abundant detailed description of these embodiment processes; should be understood that and under the situation that does not break away from spirit of the present invention or protection range, can use other embodiment or make logic; machinery, electricity with other variation.Therefore, following detailed should not think to be limited usefulness, and protection scope of the present invention is only limited by following claim.
The invention provides and a kind ofly be used to detect with the supervising the network connection status so that the method and apparatus of the redundant network under the operational network failure condition.The present invention can compensate the multiple network fault that is included in the fault in major network and the redundant network.In certain embodiments, the present invention or select main network to connect, perhaps select redundant network to connect to be used for the communication of data between every pair of network node, this network can move continuously fully as long as at least one connection can move the transmission data and a connection can move the data that receive between every pair of network node like this.
Multi-form the present invention implements as existing network technologies such as Ethernets by using.In a such embodiment, two connections between each node connect through Ethernet---and main network connects and is connected with a redundant network and forms.In certain embodiments, can use non-customized network adapter, the operation and the supervisory communications of the software control network adapter that the present invention's process is carried out on computing node.Which kind of connection is main connection for purpose of the present invention, which kind of connection be redundant connect unimportant because be connected physically and be identical on the function.In the sample of this discussion, mainly be connected and can exchange with redundant network, their designated name main purposes are that network is differentiated mutually.
Fig. 1 represents to have the example network of 101,102,103 and 104 4 nodes.A main network 105 and a redundant network 106 get up other node link in each node and the network, as with node with shown in the traverse line that each network is connected.How to move to compensate multiple network fault in order to understand the present invention, disconnect to the connection of main network 105 from being arranged in 103 node 3, node 3 just can not transfer data to network 105 like this, shown among the figure 107.And, being connected of being linked of node 4 in 104 and redundant bus 106 disconnected, node 4 just can not receive data from redundant bus like this, shown among the figure 108, can not transfer data to redundant bus, shown among the figure 109.
In a kind of typical redundant network system, the main network as shown in 107 and the fault of the single connection between the node will make on the network all nodes switch to through redundant bus 106 and communicate.In network configuration as shown in Figure 1, the connection between node 4 and the redundant bus also is inoperable, and it is impossible using redundant bus to carry out network operation.Such multiple faults or just can not make network carry out work when using main bus specially or using redundant bus specially.
The invention provides a kind of scheme that addresses this problem, can in multiple faults process as shown in Figure 1, be sent in the all-network enabling communication between nodes by the intelligence of using network status data and data.In some embodiments of the invention, network status data is stored in as shown in Figure 2 the NST.
The example of the NST of node 3 in Fig. 2 presentation graphs 1 network, it comprises expression node 3 and receives the ability of data and the data of other node receiving node 3 data capabilities from other node.Specifically, " the data OK that receives " hurdle represents that node 3 receives the ability of data on main and redundant network from each node 1,2 and 4.This table can not receive data from node 4 by the redundant network connection with " X " expression node 3, and expression node 3 can be connected with redundant network from other all nodes reception data just with " OK " expression through main." X " that expression node 3 can not receive data capability from node 4 is that the turn-off data transmission between redundant network 106 and the node 4 (104) connects 109 result.
The data of node 3 are represented to be reported to by other node that relevant other different nodes receive data capability from node 3 in " other node report data " hurdle.Because being connected of node 3 and main network 105 107 is disconnected, node 3 just can not send data by connecting like this, and node 1,2 and 4 just can not be from node 3 reception data, so " X " represents the fault of node 3 to these each nodes on main network.And the data between node 4 and the redundant network are connected 108 and disconnect, and node 4 just can not receive data from redundant network like this, so " X " represents that also node 4 can not receive data from node 3 in node " 4 " hurdle of " node 3 redundancies " row.
Can node be at the data-signal that uses the specific purposes diagnosis from another node reception data, determines among the different embodiment of use procotol signal or use other any adequate types data of transmission between node.Each node offers other node and must be to be included in the data of enabling communication between nodes and be the data that comprise the specific purposes diagnostic data signal of the node data that will be reported among the embodiment with the data that increase " other node report data ".
Data from Fig. 2 NST, the suitable connection that can determine the state that heterogeneous networks connects and select to communicate by letter between every pair of network node.In the example of Fig. 1 and 2, node 1 and 2 can fully move, and can use any connection to communicate, node 3 and 4 respectively have one with being connected that main network or redundant network fully move.Therefore, only there is node 3 and 4 not only not communicate specially by main network but also by redundant network.Node 3 can not send the data to main network, and node 4 can not send or the reception data from redundant network, but node 3 can receive data from node 4 through main network.In some embodiments of the invention, node 3 can not send the data to node 4, because be non-existent by main network but also by the directapath of moving that redundant network sends data not only.
In other embodiments of the invention, node 3 can transfer data to node 4 by arbitrary network in table " other node report data " row with another node of " OK " expression such as node 1 or node 2.In such embodiments, know that " OK " node or intermediate node can receive data from node 3, can connect through the main network of their complete functions and give node 4 this data forwarding.This just allows to stop at multiple network fault two enabling communication between nodes of direct communication between two nodes.In a further embodiment, the intermediate node that sends to of data selects by the inquiry intermediate node that it can give data forwarding the node of node 4 through the assessment of data in the NST of each intermediate node to select an expression.In various embodiments of the invention, intermediate node can comprise the network computer as above-mentioned embodiment, can comprise the direct connection between the network, can comprise router or electric bridge, the hardware device that can comprise the intermediate node of specific purposes maybe can provide and suitably pass on any alternate manner of signal capabilities to realize between two networks.
Fig. 3 represents to implement the flow chart of a kind of method of one embodiment of the invention.In 301, the definite state that the main network of each node link of itself and other is connected of each node.And the state that the redundant network of each each node link of node and other is connected is determined 302.The main and redundant state that is connected between the every pair of node is by searching for available data such as effective data or protocol package, or use specific purposes diagnostic information is determined in different embodiment.Use the network connection state data forming " receiving data OK " part of each meshed network state table 303, these nodes in 304 mutually swap data to finish " other node report data " part of NST.Whether NST upgrades regularly, monitor to determine that network connects whether to have produced fault and need data are relocated in 305.
In 306, can node be determined be formed for transmitting with receiving to have the direct connection that fault is connected a pair of data between nodes by checking NST.If can form connection, as by connecting the transmission data through main network and being connected the reception data through redundant network, these data are relocated by direct connection in 307, and the detection of other fault is recovered in 305.If can not form direct connection, data are relocated by one or more intermediate nodes in 308 so that communicate by letter, as according to the multiple network fault case description that illustrates among Fig. 1 and 2.And, in case selected through the data channel of one or more intermediate nodes, the monitoring of other network failure is recovered in 305.
The invention provides a kind of can make have the network that mainly is connected with redundant network by this network management data transmit path so that can compensate the method and apparatus of multiple network fault.In certain embodiments, the present invention includes that the data that can not directly transmit relocate between two nodes can be at the intermediate node of enabling communication between nodes.The present invention also comprises the formation and the use of the NST that is used to manage the data relevant with network state in certain embodiments.The present invention comprises a kind of method of supervising the network state in different embodiment, carry out the hardware net interface that is used for the software of supervising the network state and can operates the supervising the network state on computers.
Though illustrated and described specific embodiment at this, should be understood that those of ordinary skill in the art can be with being believed to realize that any structure of identical purpose replaces illustrated specific embodiment.Being intended that of the application covers any reorganization of the present invention and variation.Therefore think that the present invention only is subjected to the restriction of whole protection ranges of claim and its equivalence.
Claims (20)
1. a management has the method for the state of the computer network that redundant network connects, and it comprises:
Determine the state that the main network between every pair of network node connects;
Determine the state that the redundant network between every pair of network node connects; And
Perhaps select main network connection or select redundant network to connect the data that send and receive between every pair of network node, so that the network state that can determine according to every pair of network node is the network path that every pair of network node selects to be selected for communication independently.
2. the method for claim 1, it comprises also and makes up a NST that the result of the main and redundant network connection status between every pair of network node is determined in this table expression.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: NST comprises the data according to the data representation network state that receives from other network node at a node.
4. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the data that receive from other network node at a node comprise a diagnostic message.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the data that receive from other network node at a node comprise that other node of expression receives the data of data capability from other heterogeneous networks node.
6. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: NST comprises that the ability that data is sent to other node according to a node represents the data of network state.
7. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: NST comprises that also the ability that data is sent to other node according to a node represents the data of network state.
8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: select main or redundant network connects the communication that is used between every pair of network node, it comprises:
If it is exercisable that the state that main network connects is determined, just select main network to connect;
If the state that main network connects is determined and can not operates, just select redundant network to connect.
9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: select main or redundant network connects the communication that is used between every pair of network node, it comprises:
Can be used for transmitting data if the state that main network connects is determined, just select main network to connect and transmit data;
Can be used for receiving data if the state that main network connects is determined, just select main network to connect and receive data;
If it is to be used to transmit data that the state that main network connects is determined, just selects redundant network to connect and transmit data; And
If it is to be used to receive data that the state that main network connects is determined, just selects redundant network to connect and receive data.
10. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: the connection of selecting to send and receive data between every pair of network node comprises the connection that selection transmits and receive data to one or more intermediate nodes that are connected from first node, with being connected of selecting to transmit and receive data from the intermediate node to the Section Point.
11. a computer network node, this node comprises:
The device that is used for the state of the main network connection between definite this network node and other network node;
The device that is used for the state of the redundant network connection between definite this network node and other network node; With
Be used for or select main network to connect or select redundant network to connect to be used for and the communicating by letter of other each network node, so that the device that can select the selecteed network of other each network node to connect independently according to the determined network state of other each network node.
12. computer network node as claimed in claim 11, this node also comprise the result's of the main and redundant network connection status between the definite computer network node of an expression and other network node NST.
13. computer network node as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that: this NST comprises that basis is in the data of a node from the received data representation network state of other network node.
14. computer network node as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that: comprise a diagnostic message from the received data of other network node at a node.
15. computer network node as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that: comprise also that from the received data of other network node other node of expression receives the data of the ability of data from other heterogeneous networks node at a node.
16. computer network node as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that: this NST comprises that the ability that data is sent to other node according to a node represents the data of network state.
17. computer network node as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that: this NST comprises that also the ability that data is sent to other node according to a node represents the data of network state.
18. computer network node as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that: describedly be used for or select main network to connect or select redundant network to connect being used for comprising with the communicating devices of other each network node:
If be used for that state that main network connects is determined is the exercisable device of just selecting main network to connect; And
If being used for the state of main network connection is determined and can not operates, the device of just selecting redundant network to connect.
19. computer network node as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that: describedly be used for or select main network to connect or select redundant network to connect being used for comprising with the communicating devices of other each network node:
Be determined and can be used for transmitting data if be used for state that main network connects, just select main network to connect to come apparatus for transmitting data;
Be determined and can be used for receiving data if be used for state that main network connects, just select main network to connect the device that receives data.
If being used for that state that main network connects is determined is to be used to transmit data, just select redundant network to connect to come apparatus for transmitting data; And
If being used for that state that main network connects is determined is to be used to receive data, just select redundant network to connect the device that receives data.
20. computer network node as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that: the described device that is used to select to send and receive the connection of data between every pair of network node comprises:
Be used to select the device of the connection that transmits and receive data from first node to one or more intermediate nodes that are connected, with the device of selecting from the intermediate node to the Section Point, to transmit and receive data that is connected.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US51301000A | 2000-02-25 | 2000-02-25 | |
| US09/513,010 | 2000-02-25 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1404671A CN1404671A (en) | 2003-03-19 |
| CN100391190C true CN100391190C (en) | 2008-05-28 |
Family
ID=24041548
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB018055184A Expired - Fee Related CN100391190C (en) | 2000-02-25 | 2001-02-22 | Multiple network fault tolerance via redundant network control |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1262041A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2003524334A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100391190C (en) |
| AU (2) | AU2001241700B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2401635A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001063850A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3808824B2 (en) | 2002-11-20 | 2006-08-16 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Information transmission system and information transmission method |
| CN100372249C (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2008-02-27 | 华为技术有限公司 | Node back-up method for communication system |
| US8526427B1 (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2013-09-03 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Port-based loadsharing for a satellite switch |
| JP4358608B2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2009-11-04 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Information transmission system and information transmission method |
| US8406121B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2013-03-26 | Nokia Siemens Networks Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for error detection in a packet-based message distribution system |
| US7821930B2 (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2010-10-26 | Microsoft Corporation | Fault-tolerant communications in routed networks |
| CN100420219C (en) * | 2005-10-27 | 2008-09-17 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and system for realizing communication between nodes |
| US9024586B2 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2015-05-05 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Battery fault tolerant architecture for cell failure modes series bypass circuit |
| US10003525B2 (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2018-06-19 | Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc. | Methods and apparatus to provide redundancy in a process control system |
| CH713045B1 (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2022-06-15 | Imperix Sa | Device, distributed modulation system and method for power electronic applications. |
| CN107222380A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-09-29 | 中国电子信息产业集团有限公司第六研究所 | Support the two-wire EtherCAT method for converting protocol and device of link redundancy |
| CN110311825A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-10-08 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A method of quickly disposition communication network failure is recalled by early warning |
| CN110808878B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-08-16 | 卡斯柯信号有限公司 | Automatic updating test method based on redundant network topology |
| CN114280919B (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-05-31 | 浙江中控技术股份有限公司 | Redundancy control device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996008098A1 (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1996-03-14 | Elin Energieanwendung Gmbh | Process for data transmission between data processing stations or devices |
| CN1136250A (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 1996-11-20 | Abb.专利有限公司 | Method for fault-tolerant communication under strictly real-time conditions |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4627045A (en) * | 1984-02-14 | 1986-12-02 | Rosemount Inc. | Alternating communication channel switchover system |
| US4847837A (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1989-07-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Local area network with fault-checking, priorities and redundant backup |
| JP2732674B2 (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1998-03-30 | 株式会社東芝 | Data transmission equipment |
| US5684807A (en) * | 1991-04-02 | 1997-11-04 | Carnegie Mellon University | Adaptive distributed system and method for fault tolerance |
-
2001
- 2001-02-22 CN CNB018055184A patent/CN100391190C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-02-22 EP EP01912978A patent/EP1262041A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-02-22 JP JP2001561955A patent/JP2003524334A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-02-22 CA CA002401635A patent/CA2401635A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-22 WO PCT/US2001/005834 patent/WO2001063850A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-02-22 AU AU2001241700A patent/AU2001241700B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-02-22 AU AU4170001A patent/AU4170001A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996008098A1 (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1996-03-14 | Elin Energieanwendung Gmbh | Process for data transmission between data processing stations or devices |
| CN1136250A (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 1996-11-20 | Abb.专利有限公司 | Method for fault-tolerant communication under strictly real-time conditions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2001241700B2 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
| WO2001063850A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 |
| CN1404671A (en) | 2003-03-19 |
| JP2003524334A (en) | 2003-08-12 |
| EP1262041A1 (en) | 2002-12-04 |
| CA2401635A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 |
| AU4170001A (en) | 2001-09-03 |
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