CN100387762C - Polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber and its preparation method - Google Patents
Polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100387762C CN100387762C CNB2006100523813A CN200610052381A CN100387762C CN 100387762 C CN100387762 C CN 100387762C CN B2006100523813 A CNB2006100523813 A CN B2006100523813A CN 200610052381 A CN200610052381 A CN 200610052381A CN 100387762 C CN100387762 C CN 100387762C
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical group CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 acrylic ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940117958 vinyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyramide Chemical compound CC(C)C(N)=O WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000012886 Vertigo Diseases 0.000 description 23
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- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VFLGIUJNNLIYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(=C)C)(=O)OCCCC.C(C(=C)C)(=O)OC.C(C=C)#N Chemical compound C(C(=C)C)(=O)OCCCC.C(C(=C)C)(=O)OC.C(C=C)#N VFLGIUJNNLIYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLCAYQIMSMPEBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-hydroxy-2-methylidenebutanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=C)C(C)O VLCAYQIMSMPEBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber which is a solid carbon fiber or hollow carbon fiber with diameter of 10 to 5 micrometers, and holes with diameter of 1 to 200 nanometers hole are arranged on the carbon fiber. In the method, a polymer which can be fully pyrolyzed under a non-oxide atmosphere is dissolved in a cosolvent with a polyacrylonitrile or a polyacrylonitrile copolymer to prepare an ultrafine fiber by a high-pressure electrostatic spinning method; the ultrafine fiber is dried, is preoxidized under 100 to 300 DEG C and then is carbonized in the atmosphere of nitrogen or other inert gases at the temperature of 300 to 1800 DEG C, wherein the polymer which can be pyrolyzed is completely decomposed, and micropores with pore diameter of 1 to 200 nanometers are remained in the ultrafine fiber. The ultrafine carbon fiber of the present invention has the advantages of small fiber diameter, large specific surface area and easy adjustment of pore diameters and pore states; because the pore diameter of the ultrafine carbon fiber is within the range of a mesopore and a macropore, the ultrafine carbon fiber is especially suitable for adsorbing and separating some large-size particles (such as bacteria and viruses).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrafine carbon fiber that has mesoporous or macroporous structure and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of polyacrylonitrile mesopore or macropore ultrafine carbon fiber and preparation method thereof,
Background technology
Porous carbon fiber has important use and is worth at aspects such as material absorption, separation, catalyst carrier, hydrogen storage material, ultracapacitor special-purpose activated charcoals.Pore size and distribution have decisive influence to the character of porous carbon fiber.After the method for preparing at present porous carbon fiber mainly is the organic polymer fiber process high temperature cabonization that will be obtained by methods such as solvent spinning or melt spinnings, at high temperature with atmosphere such as steam, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide to activating, various micromolecule additives such as metal ion, phosphoric acid (CN00117577.7), boric acid (CN99116239.0) or the like help to improve voidage, the specific area of carbon fiber.Another kind method is with natural fabric, makes as technologies such as process high temperature cabonization, activation such as coir fibres.But, usually the diameter of porous active carbon fiber that obtains with said method and hollow-fibre membrane mesopore less than 2 nanometers, belong to range of micropores.For problems such as the absorption of microorganisms such as bacterium, virus, filtration, the effect of micropore is very not obvious.Simultaneously, for the active carbon of ultracapacitor special use, when aperture during less than 2 nanometers, electrolyte solution can't soak into, and is unfavorable for improving its capacitance.Therefore, the carbon fiber with mesoporous (2 nanometers-50 nanometer) and macroporous structure (＞50 nanometer) will have important effect at some specific area.The disclosed a kind of mixed solution by 70-80% polyacrylonitrile, 5-15% polymethyl methacrylate and 5-15% polyvinylpyrrolidone of Chinese patent CN02103749.3 prepares the method for hollow carbon fiber film.This retaining molecular weight is 5-15 ten thousand, belongs to the milipore filter scope.But its spinning process adopts solution spinning, and the fibre diameter that the solvent spinning method obtains is generally about 10 microns, does not belong to the scope of superfine fibre.
On the other hand, high-voltage electrostatic spinning is a kind of effective means for preparing high molecular superfine fiber, fibrofelt and nonwoven fabric.Fabric nonwoven cloth with this method preparation has advantages such as fibre diameter is little, homogeneity good, porosity is high, specific area is big.Be different from traditional solvent spinning and melt spinning, the resulting fibre diameter of high-voltage electrostatic spinning is generally tens nanometers to several microns, and is more much smaller than the fibre diameter that conventional spinning method obtains, and therefore has broad application prospects.Korean Patent KR2002008227 provides a kind of method with the special-purpose carbon nano-fiber of high-voltage electrostatic spinning manufacturing ultracapacitor, but its fiber does not have loose structure.Up to now, do not see that useful high-voltage electrostatic spinning method prepares the patent and the report of mesopore-macropore carbon fiber.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber and preparation method thereof.
Polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber of the present invention is that diameter is the solid carbon fiber or the hollow carbon fiber of 10 nanometers～5 micron, has the mesoporous or macropore of aperture in 20～100 nanometers on the carbon fiber.
The shape of carbon fiber cross section can be the shape of circle, annular, ellipse, polygon or other all non-circles.
The preparation method of polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1) macromolecule homopolymers or copolymer and polyacrylonitrile or polyacrylonitrile copolymer were dissolved in the organic solvent by weight 1: 10～10: 1, be made into uniform solution, wherein, the weight content of acrylonitrile in whole polymer is 1% to 99%, and the weight concentration of polymer is 0.5% to 60% in the solution;
2) adopt the high-voltage electrostatic spinning method to be prepared into superfine fibre above-mentioned solution, spinning voltage is at 1000-200, and 000 volt, spray silk speed is at 0.01 to 100 milliliter/hour, and the distance of spinning head and receiver is between 5 to 50 centimetres;
3) superfine fibre that makes is carried out drying under 50-150 ℃; then 200-300 ℃ of following pre-oxidation; under nitrogen or argon gas inert gas shielding, slowly be warming up to 600-1800 ℃ subsequently; and be incubated 0.1-10 hour; wherein the flow velocity of inert gas obtains polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber between 0.1 ml/min to 100 ml/min.
In order further to improve the specific area of carbon fiber, the polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber that obtains further can be activated with steam, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide at 700～900 ℃.
Among the present invention, the selection of macromolecule homopolymers or copolymer needs to satisfy three conditions: one, can be dissolved in jointly in certain solvent with polyacrylonitrile or polyacrylonitrile copolymer; Two, after solvent evaporates, this polymer and polyacrylonitrile or polyacrylonitrile copolymer are separated; Three, fully thermal decomposition under nonoxidizing atmosphere.The copolymer that above-mentioned macromolecule homopolymers or copolymer can be selected the homopolymers that formed by the monomer that contains active unsaturated double-bond for use or form with various ratios with two kinds or the two or more monomers that contains active unsaturated double-bond.The above-mentioned monomer that contains active unsaturated double-bond can be acrylic ester monomer, acrylonitrile, styrene and derivative thereof, α-Jia Jibenyixi and derivative thereof, vinylacetate and derivative thereof, butadiene, isoprene, vinyl chloride, vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamide monomers or vinylpyridine or the like.Wherein acrylic ester monomer preferably comprises methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methylacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, Hexyl 2-propenoate, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate or glycidyl methacrylate etc.
Among the present invention, said polyacrylonitrile copolymer is the copolymer that polyacrylonitrile and acrylic ester monomer, styrene and derivative thereof, α-Jia Jibenyixi and derivative thereof, vinylacetate and the derivative thereof that contains active unsaturated double-bond, butadiene, isoprene, vinyl chloride, vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamide monomers or vinylpyridine form.
Among the present invention, said organic solvent is a dimethyl formamide, dimethylacetylamide or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: fibre diameter is little, specific area is big, and aperture and pore morphology are regulated easily because the aperture is in mesoporous and macropore scope, the absorption that fiber is particularly suitable for some large-size particles (as bacterium and virus) with separate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is to be the electron scanning micrograph of polyacrylonitrile/acrylonitrile-electricity spinning fibre that the methyl methacrylate blend obtains of 40: 60 by ratio of components;
Fig. 2 is to be the electron scanning micrograph of polyacrylonitrile/acrylonitrile-mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber that the methyl methacrylate blend obtains of 40: 60 by ratio of components;
Fig. 3 is the electron scanning micrograph of polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber.
The structure of mesopore-macropore carbon fiber scanning electronic microscope and transmission electron microscope observation.Fiber specific surface area is measured with the nitrogen adsorption method.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Embodiment 2
Polyacrylonitrile 2 grams and ratio of components are that acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate-polystyrene copolymer 8 grams of 1: 8.5: 0.5 are dissolved in the 250 gram dimethyl sulphoxide solutions, adopt high-voltage electrostatic spinning to obtain fibrofelt.Spinning voltage is at 30,000 volts, and spray silk speed is at 2 milliliters/hour.The distance of spinning head and receiver is 15 centimetres.Dry, pre-oxidation is identical with embodiment 1, carbonization temperature is 700 ℃, the time is 2 hours.After the carbonization, fiber obviously is cellular, adhesion to some extent each other (seeing shown in Figure 3).Its specific area is measured as 92 meters squared per gram through the nitrogen adsorption method.The mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber that obtains is activated with carbon dioxide at 800 ℃, and specific area is measured as 245 meters squared per gram through the nitrogen adsorption method.
Embodiment 3
Polyacrylonitrile 5 grams and ratio of components are that acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate terpolymer 5 grams of 1: 8: 1 are dissolved in the 250 gram dimethylacetamide solutions, obtain fibrofelt with high-voltage electrostatic spinning.Spinning voltage is at 20,000 volts, and spray silk speed is 5 milliliters/hour.The distance of spinning head and receiver is 15 centimetres.Dry, pre-oxidation is identical with embodiment 1, carbonization temperature is 1000 ℃, the time is 2 hours.The diameter of fiber is 5 microns.Contain a large amount of micropores in the fiber, the diameter in hole is about 100 nanometers.Its specific area is measured as 54 meters squared per gram through the nitrogen adsorption method.
Polyacrylonitrile 5 grams and ratio of components are that acrylonitrile-ethyl acrylate copolymer 5 grams of 1: 9 are dissolved in the 250 gram dimethylacetamide solutions, obtain fibrofelt with high-voltage electrostatic spinning.30,000 volts of spinning voltage, spray silk speed is 0.5 milliliter/hour.The distance of spinning head and receiver is 15 centimetres.Dry, pre-oxidation is identical with embodiment 1, carbonization temperature is 1800 ℃, the time is 0.5 hour.The diameter of fiber is 0.4 micron.Contain a large amount of micropores in the fiber, the diameter in hole is about 20 nanometers.Its specific area is measured as 356 meters squared per gram through the nitrogen adsorption method.
Embodiment 5
Ratio of components is that acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate terpolymer 3 grams that 0.5: 9.5 poly acrylic acid-poly acrylonitrile bipolymer 7 gram and ratio of components are 1: 7: 2 are dissolved in the 250 gram dimethyl formamide solutions, adopts high-voltage electrostatic spinning acquisition fibrofelt.Spinning voltage is at 20000 volts, and spray silk speed is at 1 milliliter/hour.The distance of spinning head and receiver is 15 centimetres.Dry, pre-oxidation is identical with embodiment 1, carbonization temperature is 800 ℃, the time is 9 hours.The diameter of fiber is 2 microns.The diameter of micropore is about 20 nanometers in the fiber.Its specific area is measured as 132 meters squared per gram through the nitrogen adsorption method.
Embodiment 6
Ratio of components is that acrylonitrile-ethyl methacrylate copolymers 5 grams that 9: 1 PVP-polyacrylonitrile bipolymer 5 grams and ratio of components are 9: 1 are dissolved in the 200 gram dimethyl formamide solutions, adopts high-voltage electrostatic spinning acquisition fibrofelt.Little 30000 volts of spinning voltage, spray silk speed is at 0.5 milliliter/hour.The distance of spinning head and receiver is 12 centimetres.Dry, the pre-oxidation carbonization condition is identical with embodiment 1.The average diameter of fiber is 1.5 microns.The diameter of micropore is about 30 nanometers in the fiber.Its specific area is measured as 254 meters squared per gram through the nitrogen adsorption method.
Embodiment 7
Ratio of components is that acrylonitrile methyl meth acrylat copolymer 5 grams that 9: 1 polyacrylamide-polyacrylonitrile bipolymer 5 grams and ratio of components are 9: 1 are dissolved in the 200 gram dimethyl formamide solutions, adopts high-voltage electrostatic spinning acquisition fibrofelt.Little 30000 volts of spinning voltage, 0.8 milliliter/hour of spray silk speed.The distance of spinning head and receiver is 12 centimetres.Dry, the pre-oxidation carbonization condition is identical with embodiment 1.The average diameter of fiber is 2 microns.The diameter of micropore is about 30 nanometers in the fiber.Its specific area is measured as 203 meters squared per gram through the nitrogen adsorption method.
Claims (7)
1. polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber, it is that diameter is the solid carbon fiber or the hollow carbon fiber of 10 nanometers～5 micron, it is characterized in that having on the carbon fiber the mesoporous or macropore of aperture in 20～100 nanometers.
2. the preparation method of polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) macromolecule homopolymers or copolymer and polyacrylonitrile or polyacrylonitrile copolymer were dissolved in the organic solvent by weight 1: 10～10: 1, be made into uniform solution, wherein, the weight content of acrylonitrile in whole polymer is 1% to 99%, and the weight concentration of polymer is 0.5% to 60% in the solution;
2) adopt the high-voltage electrostatic spinning method to be prepared into superfine fibre above-mentioned solution, spinning voltage is at 1000-200, and 000 volt, spray silk speed is at 0.01 to 100 milliliter/hour, and the distance of spinning head and receiver is between 5 to 50 centimetres;
3) superfine fibre that makes is carried out drying under 50-150 ℃; then 200-300 ℃ of following pre-oxidation; under nitrogen or argon gas inert gas shielding, slowly be warming up to 600-1800 ℃ subsequently; and be incubated 0.1-10 hour; wherein the flow velocity of inert gas obtains polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber between 0.1 ml/min to 100 ml/min.
3. the preparation method of polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber according to claim 2 is characterized in that the polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber that will obtain activates with steam, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide at 700～900 ℃.
4. the preparation method of polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber according to claim 2 is characterized in that said macromolecule homopolymers or copolymer are the homopolymers that formed by the monomer that contains active unsaturated double-bond or the copolymer that forms with two kinds or the two or more monomers that contains active unsaturated double-bond.
5. the preparation method of polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber according to claim 4 is characterized in that the said monomer that contains active unsaturated double-bond is acrylic ester monomer, acrylonitrile, styrene and derivative thereof, α-Jia Jibenyixi and derivative thereof, vinylacetate and derivative thereof, butadiene, isoprene, vinyl chloride, vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamide monomers or vinylpyridine.
6. the preparation method of polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber according to claim 2 is characterized in that said polyacrylonitrile copolymer is the copolymer that polyacrylonitrile and acrylic ester monomer, styrene and derivative thereof, α-Jia Jibenyixi and derivative thereof, vinylacetate and the derivative thereof that contains active unsaturated double-bond, butadiene, isoprene, vinyl chloride, vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamide monomers or vinylpyridine form.
7. the preparation method of polyacrylonitrile mesopore-macropore ultrafine carbon fiber according to claim 2 is characterized in that said organic solvent is a dimethyl formamide, dimethylacetylamide or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
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| CN114438620A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-05-06 | 苏州科技大学 | Hierarchical porous molybdenum carbide nanofiber and preparation method and application thereof |
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