CN100383544C - Method and apparatus for real-time monitoring level signal - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for real-time monitoring level signal Download PDFInfo
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- CN100383544C CN100383544C CNB2005100029405A CN200510002940A CN100383544C CN 100383544 C CN100383544 C CN 100383544C CN B2005100029405 A CNB2005100029405 A CN B2005100029405A CN 200510002940 A CN200510002940 A CN 200510002940A CN 100383544 C CN100383544 C CN 100383544C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a real-time monitoring method for level signals, which comprises the following steps: signals to be monitored are connected to an input /output expanding unit, and the input /output expanding unit transmits an interrupt request to a main control unit and preserves the state data of the level signals to be monitored when at least one signal to be monitored is changed; the main control unit responds the interrupt request, and reads the state data of the signals to be monitored by a bus from the input /output expanding unit. Simultaneously, the present invention also discloses a real-time monitoring device for the level signals, which comprises an input /output expanding unit and a main control unit. The method and the device of the present invention have strong expansibility, and are suitable for an occasion which has a plurality of level signals to be monitored. The unnecessary CPU resource occupation can be avoided according to the interrupted monitoring method, and the monitoring real-time performance of the main control unit for the states of the level signals is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the signal monitoring field, refer to a kind of method and device that level signal is monitored in real time especially.
Background technology
In design of electronic products, often need monitor all multimodes in the product, so that understand the working condition of module, in time pinpoint the problems.In order to save cost and simplified design, above-mentioned module can be exported a level signal of representing with high-low level usually and characterize oneself state.Further, adopt Light Coupled Device or relay that the level signal of output is carried out the front and back level and isolate, obtain the passive node signal.Such as: adopt in the power-supply system passive node characterization on the throne/state not on the throne, high level represents that system is on the throne, and low level represents that system is not on the throne.Monitoring device only needs the level signal of acquisition module just can understand the working condition of module.
At present, level signal being carried out device for monitoring adopts the single-chip microcomputer or the microcontroller that have CPU to realize that this device is connected to level signal on single-chip microcomputer I/O (I/O) pin simply usually.What Fig. 1 showed is the connection diagram of this monitoring device, and this monitoring device reads the status data of level signal by the I/O pin of single-chip microcomputer, thereby understands the duty of corresponding module, and the status data of level signal is represented with 0 or 1.
The major defect of method shown in Figure 1 is: the I/O number of pin that one, single-chip microcomputer can be used is limited, when level signal more for a long time, the I/O pin of single-chip microcomputer is not enough.With 51 common series monolithics is example, and such single-chip microcomputer has P0～P3 mouth, totally 32 I/O pins.Wherein P0 mouth and P2 mouth are used for external extended memory.And the P3.0 of P3 mouth and P3.1 pin are made serial ports usually and are used, and P3.2 and P3.3 interrupt input pin, are no more than 12 usually so can be used for connecting the I/O pin of level signal.Level signal is in case above 12, and single-chip microcomputer just can't disposablely read in all level signals.
Two, single-chip microcomputer adopts the level of polling mode inquiry I/O pin to obtain the current status data of respective modules usually, and this mode causes the single-chip microcomputer state variation of monitoring level signal in real time.
Three, under the more situation of level signal, single-chip microcomputer is regularly inquired about each level signal need take a large amount of cpu resources, causes the unnecessary wasting of resources.
What Fig. 2 showed is another kind of level signal monitoring device in the prior art, and this device increases an Erasable Programmable Logic Device (EPLD, Erasable Programmable Logic Device).Monitored level signal is connected on the I/O pin of EPLD, the I/O pin is mapped as certain position (bit) in the internal register of EPLD by logical design, the corresponding position of internal register that single-chip microcomputer reads EPLD can obtain the current status data of required module.The shortcoming of this method is and need increases the EPLD device in monitoring device that cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, fundamental purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of real-time of level signal, makes main control unit can monitor a large amount of level signals, and obtains the status data of level signal in real time, avoids taking too much cpu resource and I/O pin.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of real-time monitoring device of level signal, make the monitoring of level signal have higher real-time.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention specifically is achieved in that
A kind of method of real-time of level signal is used to comprise the equipment of main control unit, it is characterized in that level signal to be monitored is connected to the I/O expanding element that sets in advance, and this method may further comprise the steps:
A, when the level signal that at least one is to be monitored changes, the I/O expanding element sends interrupt request and gives main control unit, and preserves level signal status data to be monitored;
B, main control unit response interrupt request read level signal status data to be monitored by bus from the I/O expanding element.
Further, the described method that reads level signal status data to be monitored by bus of step b comprises:
B1, utilize the signal wire of the I/O pin simulation universal serial bus of main control unit;
B2, main control unit send data read request to the I/O expanding element from the serial bus signal line of simulation;
B3, I/O expanding element reply data read request, and the status data that sends level signal to be monitored is to main control unit.
Further, described main control unit is the CPU of single-chip microcomputer or band communication control function, and then the described bus of step b is universal serial bus or parallel bus.
Preferably, described universal serial bus is I
2C bus, or SMBUS bus.
Preferably, described level signal is the passive node signal.
A kind of real-time monitoring device of level signal comprises main control unit, it is characterized in that, this device further comprises:
The I/O expanding element is used to connect level signal to be monitored, when at least one level signal status data to be monitored changes, preserves level signal status data to be monitored and sends interrupt request to main control unit;
Described main control unit is used to respond the interrupt request that the I/O expanding element sends, and reads level signal status data to be monitored by bus from the I/O expanding element.
Further, described main control unit is the CPU of single-chip microcomputer or band communication control function.
Further, described I/O expanding element is the I/O extended chip with serial or parallel bus interface;
Described I/O expanding element is to have the I/O extended chip that interrupts output port.
Further, described main control unit is further used for utilizing its I/O pin simulation universal serial bus.
Preferably, the one or more I/O expanding elements of the parallel connection of described universal serial bus.
Preferably, described universal serial bus comprises one or more I
2C bus or SMBUS bus.
As seen from the above technical solution, the method for real-time of this level signal of the present invention and device provide bus by main control unit, read the status data of level signal by bus from the I/O expanding element, realize the status monitoring to a plurality of level signals.The method of the external I/O expanding element of this employing bus has solved the not enough problem of I/O number of pin that connects level signal well, and the while also need not to increase EPLD or takies the I/O pin of existing EPLD.
Further, the present invention adopts the I/O pin Simulation with I of main control unit
2The signal wire of C/SMBUS bus, the external a plurality of I/O expanding elements of bus by simulation so extendability is strong, are more suitable for the more occasion of level signal to be monitored.
In addition, the present invention also utilizes the interruption output of I/O expanding element to guarantee the real-time that main control unit is monitored level signal, and can avoid unnecessarily taking cpu resource based on the monitoring method of interrupting.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the connection diagram of monitoring device of a level signal of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the connection diagram of monitoring device of another level signal of prior art;
Fig. 3 is the connection diagram of real-time monitoring device among the present invention first and the 3rd embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the connection diagram of the real-time monitoring device of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the real-time monitoring process flow diagram of level signal in the second embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For making purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below with reference to the accompanying drawing embodiment that develops simultaneously, the present invention is described in more detail.
First embodiment:
As shown in Figure 3, present embodiment provides carries out real-time device for monitoring to level signal and comprises: main control unit 301 and I/O expanding element 302.Wherein, the I/O pin of I/O expanding element 302 connects level signal to be monitored, is used for the state transformation situation of monitoring level signal, and when the status data of level signal changed, I/O expanding element 302 sent interrupt request to main control unit 301; Main control unit 301 response interrupt request utilize bus to read level signal from the bus interface of I/O expanding element 302.
Based on device shown in Figure 3, the method for real-time of level signal may further comprise the steps in the present embodiment:
When at first, at least one level signal to be monitored changes in the I/O pin of connection I/O expanding element 302, I/O expanding element 302 reads in internal register with the level signal status data that connects on all I/O pins, and sends interrupt request for main control unit 301.
Secondly, main control unit response interrupt request, read the status data of level signal to be monitored from the I/O expanding element by bus.
Second embodiment:
On the basis of first embodiment, the level signal real-time monitoring device that present embodiment provided utilizes the data transmission between universal serial bus realization main control unit and the I/O expanding element.As shown in Figure 4, main control unit utilizes the signal wire of I/O pin simulation universal serial bus, reads the status data of level signal from the I/O expanding element by bus.In the practical application, main control unit can adopt the band single-chip microcomputer 401 of CPU or microcontroller to realize, also can be the CPU of the band communication control function used always, for example the power PC of motorola company series CPU etc.I/O expanding element 402 adopts to have standard serial bus interface, a plurality of I/O pin and can produce the chip that interrupts output and realizes.
The preferred I of above-mentioned universal serial bus
2The C/SMBUS bus standard.Wherein, I
2C (Inter-IntegratedCircuit) is a kind of two-wire bidirectional linked list data bus standard with multiterminal control ability of exploitation of philips company and release, serial management bus (SMBUS, Serial Management Bus) be the another kind of bus standard that is proposed by Intel Company nineteen ninety-five, SMBUS can compatible I
2The C bus standard, thus among the present invention with I
2C and/or SMBUS are expressed as I
2The C/SMBUS bus standard.I
2C/SMBUS bus standard regulation: in a data transfer, work as main equipment by a filling apparatus, control the data transmission between the equipment (slave unit) that self and another have single address, main equipment is the data transmission procedure clocking.
Because I
2C/SMBUS bus requirements serial time clock line (SCL) and serial data line (SDA) guarantee data transmission, so in the present embodiment, single-chip microcomputer 401 provides two I/O pins to simulate SCL and SDA respectively.As shown in Figure 4, simulate SCL is connected I/O expanding element 402 with the pin of SDA bus I for two of single-chip microcomputer 401
2The C/SMBUS bus interface reads the status data of level signal from I/O expanding element 402, and then I/O expanding element 402 needs the I of standard
2The C/SMBUS bus interface.
Most existing I/O extended chip all has I
2C/SMBUS bus interface, a plurality of I/O pin and can produce and interrupt output.For example: chips such as the PCA9555 of philips company, PCA9554; Also there is the I/O extended chip that satisfies above-mentioned requirements in MAXIM company.
Further, external two pull-up resistors 403 of emulation bus, the optional 4.7k ohm of resistance, and be provided with and draw voltage vcc consistent with the supply voltage of single-chip microcomputer 401, Vcc is made as+5V usually.
In the device as shown in Figure 4, the I of the I/O pin of single-chip microcomputer simulation
2The C/SMBUS bus can insert the I/O extended chip of eight same types at most.Such as: the I of simulation
2Insert eight PCA9555 on the C/SMBUS bus, and PCA9555 there are 16 I/O pins, so simulate an I
2The C/SMBUS bus can be carried out status monitoring to 128 level signals.The interruption output of eight I/O extended chips is attempted by the same interruption input port of single-chip microcomputer, and the I of I/O extended chip
2The C/SMBUS bus interface also is attempted by on the bus of single-chip simulation.As long as there is an I/O extended chip to send interrupt request, single-chip microcomputer just response and carrying out interrupts, and reads the level signal status data of I/O extended chip one by one, and the status data of all level signals is saved in single-chip microcomputer.
Further, Jian Ce level signal surpasses 128 if desired, can also utilize two other I/O pin of single-chip microcomputer to simulate another I again
2The C/SMBUS bus realizes the status monitoring to other 128 level signals.
Above-mentioned single-chip microcomputer can be replaced with the CPU of band communication control function, utilizes general purpose I/O (GPIO) pin of the type CPU to come Simulation with I
2The C/SMBUS bus.
Based on device shown in Figure 4, the level signal method of real-time of present embodiment may further comprise the steps as shown in Figure 5:
Step 501: when at least one level signal on the I/O pin that is connected to the I/O expanding element changes, the logical circuit of I/O expanding element inside and register startup work, level signal status data on all I/O pins is read in internal register, and send interrupt request and give single-chip microcomputer.
Above-mentioned level signal changes and is meant: when certain arrived clock period, the status data of level signal was different with a last clock period, and promptly level signal becomes low level from high level, otherwise or became high level from low level.If the status data of all level signals does not all have to change, then the I/O expanding element neither reads in the status data of level signal, does not also send interrupt request.As long as there is the status data of a level signal to change, the I/O expanding element will read in the status data of level signal, and sends interrupt request/INT to single-chip microcomputer.
For the special circumstances of I/O expanding element power-up initializing, the I/O expanding element can read in internal register with I/O pin original state automatically.When the single-chip microcomputer initialization,, also need to read the status data of I/O pin from the I/O expanding element even without the interrupt request that receives the I/O expanding element.
In the chip design of I/O expanding element, each I/O pin all logical mappings be in the I/O expanding element internal register certain the position, so the status data of the level signal that is connected with the I/O pin is saved to the corresponding positions of register.
Step 502: Simulation with I is interrupted in the single-chip microcomputer response
2The C/SMBUS bus reads the status data of level signal in real time from the I/O expanding element.
In this step, single-chip simulation I
2The C/SMBUS bus, the process that reads the level signal status data is specific as follows:
1, two of single-chip microcomputer I/O pin Simulation with I
2Two signal wire: SCL of C/SMBUS bus and SDA, any two pin emulation bus signal wires in the P1 of optional single-chip microcomputer and the P3 port.If single-chip microcomputer does not have external extended memory, also can utilize the pin of P0 and P2 mouth to simulate.
2, single-chip microcomputer sends a start bit by the bus signals alignment I/O expanding element of simulation, the log-on data transmission.Subsequently, single-chip microcomputer is to the address that the I/O expanding element transmits the I/O expanding element, and a command word is indicated to write to the I/O expanding element to the I/O expanding element in transmission read-write position ' 0 '.
Herein, the address that single-chip microcomputer transmits has seven, wherein four is the type of I/O extended chip, remaining three A2, A1 and A0 is the hardware link address of I/O extended chip, for example: also be set to ground connection when A2 is set to low level ground connection, A1, when A0 is set to move power supply on the high level, the hardware address of this chip is 001.
3, after the I/O expanding element receives the address, judge whether this address and self address mate, reply if coupling then sends to single-chip microcomputer.
4, after single-chip microcomputer receives response bits, transmit the register address of preserving the level signal status data in the I/O expanding element and give the I/O expanding element, the I/O expanding element is replied a response bits after receiving register address once more.
Wherein, single-chip microcomputer obtains to preserve the register address of level signal status data according to annexation shown in Figure 4, and is kept in the single-chip microcomputer in advance.
5, single-chip microcomputer transmits a start bit once more, and transmits the address of I/O expanding element.This operation is identical with step 2.Subsequently, single-chip microcomputer transmits read-write position ' 1 ' and gives the I/O expanding element, the status data of the level signal in the register address that the read step of indicating 4 sends.
6, the I/O expanding element is replied the request of single-chip microcomputer, by turn the level signal status data in the transmitter register address.Single-chip microcomputer receives the status data of all level signals, and sends the read operation that this status data is finished in the notice position after data transmission finishes.
In the above-mentioned steps 2～step 6, the data transmission between single-chip microcomputer and the I/O expanding element all is the I by simulation
2The C/SMBUS bus is finished, and the data transmission between single-chip microcomputer and the I/O expanding element satisfies I
2The C/SMBUS bus timing.
Read the level signal status data of I/O expanding element when single-chip microcomputer after, the interrupt request that the I/O expanding element sends is eliminated.Only when the I/O of I/O expanding element pin status had new variation, the I/O expanding element just can produce interrupt request once more.
In above-mentioned steps 501 and the step 502, the I/O expanding element sends interrupt request and gives single-chip microcomputer when level signal changes, and when single-chip microcomputer transmitted read-write position ' 1 ' to the I/O expanding element, just the I/O pin status data with the I/O expanding element were saved in internal register.
The 3rd embodiment:
The real-time monitoring device of present embodiment as shown in Figure 3, on the basis of first embodiment, main control unit 301 directly utilizes the parallel bus of self to read level signal from I/O expanding element 302, and then I/O expanding element 302 needs to adopt the chip that has parallel bus interface to realize.
Corresponding said apparatus, the level signal method of real-time of present embodiment may further comprise the steps:
At first, when at least one level signal to be monitored changes, the I/O expanding element reads in internal register with the status data of signal to be monitored, and sends interrupt request and give main control unit.Said process is to realize by the logical circuit of I/O expanding element inside and register.
Secondly, main control unit response interrupt request, read the status data of signal to be monitored from the I/O expanding element by parallel bus.
In first, second and the 3rd embodiment, the level signal that real-time monitoring device is monitored can be the passive node signal.
By the above embodiments as seen, the method of real-time of this level signal of the present invention and device can pass through the external I/O expanding element of bus, so extendability is strong, is applicable to the occasion that level signal to be monitored is many, and can avoids unnecessarily taking cpu resource based on the monitoring method of interrupting.
Claims (11)
1. the method for real-time of a level signal is used to comprise the equipment of main control unit, it is characterized in that level signal to be monitored is connected to the I/O expanding element that sets in advance, and this method may further comprise the steps:
A, when the level signal that at least one is to be monitored changes, the I/O expanding element sends interrupt request and gives main control unit, and preserves level signal status data to be monitored;
B, main control unit response interrupt request read level signal status data to be monitored by bus from the I/O expanding element.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described method that reads level signal status data to be monitored by bus of step b comprises:
B1, utilize the signal wire of the I/O pin simulation universal serial bus of main control unit;
B2, main control unit send data read request to the I/O expanding element from the serial bus signal line of simulation;
B3, I/O expanding element reply data read request, and the status data that sends level signal to be monitored is to main control unit.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described main control unit is the CPU of single-chip microcomputer or band communication control function, and then the described bus of step b is universal serial bus or parallel bus.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that described universal serial bus is I
2C bus, or SMBUS bus.
5. according to each described method of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described level signal is the passive node signal.
6. the real-time monitoring device of a level signal comprises main control unit, it is characterized in that, this device further comprises:
The I/O expanding element is used to connect level signal to be monitored, when at least one level signal status data to be monitored changes, preserves level signal status data to be monitored and sends interrupt request to main control unit;
Described main control unit is used to respond the interrupt request that the I/O expanding element sends, and reads level signal status data to be monitored by bus from the I/O expanding element.
7. device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described main control unit is the CPU of single-chip microcomputer or band communication control function.
8. device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described I/O expanding element is the I/O extended chip with serial or parallel bus interface;
Described I/O expanding element is to have the I/O extended chip that interrupts output port.
9. according to each described device of claim 6 to 8, it is characterized in that described main control unit is further used for utilizing its I/O pin simulation universal serial bus.
10. device according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the one or more I/O expanding elements of the parallel connection of described universal serial bus.
11. device according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described universal serial bus comprises one or more I
2C bus or SMBUS bus.
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| CN101458295B (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2011-05-04 | 上海华虹Nec电子有限公司 | Circuit status maintaining system and method thereof |
| CN101951343A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-01-19 | 北京星网锐捷网络技术有限公司 | Device, network switching equipment and method for realizing port configuration |
| WO2017206161A1 (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2017-12-07 | 达闼科技（北京）有限公司 | Interface detection method and apparatus |
| CN111698137A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-09-22 | 慧灵科技（深圳）有限公司 | Data transmission device and method |
| CN111949466B (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2023-01-06 | 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 | System and method capable of quickly reading equipment information |
| CN114691573A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-07-01 | 北京配天技术有限公司 | Hardware identification circuit, method and related equipment |
| CN113094313A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-09 | 江西省水投江河信息技术有限公司 | Water conservancy RTU interface multiplexing and low-power consumption realization system |
| CN113484816A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-10-08 | 安徽南瑞中天电力电子有限公司 | System and method for transmitting error data of electric energy meter calibrating device |
| CN115348128B (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2023-12-05 | 航天科工空间工程发展有限公司 | Dual CAN bus processing management method based on FPGA |
| CN116775526B (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-10-20 | 新誉集团有限公司 | Expansion device and electronic equipment |
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