CN100379919C - Method for producing a complex nonwoven fabric and resulting novel fabric - Google Patents

Method for producing a complex nonwoven fabric and resulting novel fabric Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100379919C
CN100379919C CNB008182930A CN00818293A CN100379919C CN 100379919 C CN100379919 C CN 100379919C CN B008182930 A CNB008182930 A CN B008182930A CN 00818293 A CN00818293 A CN 00818293A CN 100379919 C CN100379919 C CN 100379919C
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Prior art keywords
web
fiber
compound
fabric
layer
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CNB008182930A
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CN1423714A (en
Inventor
A·维尧姆
F·内勒
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Rieter Perfojet SAS
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Rieter Perfojet SAS
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H18/00—Needling machines
    • D04H18/04—Needling machines with water jets
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/11—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
    • D04H3/153—Mixed yarns or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/02—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
    • D04H5/03—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling by fluid jet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/66—Additional nonwoven fabric is a spun-bonded fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/66—Additional nonwoven fabric is a spun-bonded fabric
    • Y10T442/663—Hydroentangled
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/664—Including a wood fiber containing layer

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for producing a complex nonwoven fabric which consists in continuously producing a complex wherein a first web of cellulosic fibres (4) is continuously sandwiched between two webs of spunbonded filaments (2, 7), and which consists in: producing a first web of spunbonded filaments (2), the bundle of extruded and drawn filaments being received on a mobile conveyor belt (3) in the form of a non-bonded lap; depositing on said web (2) by airlaid process a second web of cellulosic fibres (4); depositing on the textile web (4) a second web (7) of non-bonded continuous filaments; transferring the resulting complex onto an installation (9) for water-jet bonding and hydro-entanglement consolidation; and in drying the nonwoven mixed product and then recuperating it, for example in the form of a cloth wind-up (18).

Description

Make the method for complex nonwoven fabric and the novel fabric that obtains thus
Technical field
Suggestion adopts so-called " supatex fabric " structure to replace traditional woven web (woven and knitting) to pass through the many decades course.
In general, these non-woven structures can be divided into three major types by its actual manufacture method, that is, by the supatex fabric that so-called " dry method " produces, it forms through combing and/or air-laid process; By the supatex fabric that " melt route " obtains, this technology is commonly referred to " spun-bond process "; Supatex fabric with the what is called of deriving " wet method " explained hereafter from paper technology.
In addition, knownly for a long time can adjust the final performance of products obtained therefrom by the manufactured materials mixture, for example, by the fiber web that will form by dissimilar fibers such as natural fabric, artificial fibre or synthetic fiber and lump together.
The invention provides a kind of novel method that can make the nonwoven articles that this class is made up of the mixture of different types of fiber; Described supatex fabric hereinafter is called " mixing supatex fabric " (hybrid nonwoven) or " complex nonwoven fabric " (Composite nonwoven).
Prior art
Existing so far many by with the fiber web of the fiber web of artificial fibre or synthetic fiber and cellulose fibre and lump together that manufacturing mixes or the scheme of complex nonwoven fabric.Can in all sorts of ways heterogeneity and altogether, for example, by combined process-mechanical acupuncture in conjunction with or the described technology of hy-droentanglement-latter known existing for a long time, for example, be described in the United States Patent (USP) 3 508 308.This document has especially been narrated the production method of the blended fiber net of making by the air-laid process that fibre compact is mixed, and for example synthetic fiber (polyester fiber or acrylic fibre) is mixed (referring to embodiment 10 and 11) with viscose.It has also been narrated (referring to embodiment 12 and 13) and has had the central core be made up of continuous filament yarn and two-layer based on the particularly production of the outer field complex of the fiber of polyester fiber, it distributes by air-laid process, and each layer then combines by the effect of fluid jet.
Also suggestion is pointed as EP 423 619, and by the fiber web that also will be made up of continuous filament yarn by means of water jet with by cellulose fibre, particularly the fiber web formed of the mixture of xylon is also made absorption fabric altogether.
At last, the method for known following production supatex fabric promptly, is clipped in one deck fibrage between the two-layer continuous filament fibers net that hot rolling is reinforced, and also finishes the last combination of each layer by the water jet effect.
The better simply production technology of the latter has multinomial critical defect, that is:
Having handled by hot rolling makes continuously (spunbond) filament web reinforce, this fact has hindered these long filaments to mix with the tight of the fibroreticulate xylon of air lay, reduce the absorbent properties of compound like this, also can form coarse, as to lack flexibility product;
In addition, have satisfied combination and prevent the leafing of compound, during the water fluid jet reinforce operation, must use very high fluid velocity, because the nip point of spun-bonded fibre net has stoped any of synthetic thread to move in order to guarantee interlayer; And the like this high speed of water jet causes extra energy consuming cost and cellulose fibre loss bigger;
Therefore the highest 20～25% of the spun-bonded fibre web area that accounts for of binding site between the silk that gets through pressure rolling, has constituted the barrier of equivalent to the water jet path;
At last, fibroreticulate continuous filament yarn can not move, and this fact makes material very stiffening, and loses its textile performance, more resembles paper and does not resemble real textiles.
Summary of the invention
Have now found that a kind of improving one's methods, this method has constituted theme of the present invention just, it is the mixing supatex fabric of production perfect adaptation continuously, and this fabric has high-mechanical property, keeps outward appearance, feel and flexibility such as the traditional textile thing of woven fabric etc. simultaneously.
Combine in point-device mode and under very accurate condition, implement by the prior art technology that will use in order, solved this problem, that is:
-distribute by air-laid process, produce the technology of the nonwoven web of making from staple fibre;
The technology of-production spun-bonded fibre net; With
-carry out the reinforcing of the compound that forms by the water jet effect.
In general, be to make the technology of compound continuously according to method of the present invention, in described compound based on the fibrous fiber network folder of cellulose fibre between two-layer continuous filament fibers net, described method is:
Produce the first continuous filament fibers net, with being collected on the moving conveyer belt of extruding with the form of the continuous long strand that stretches with non-adhesive layer;
On described fiber web, by second fiber web of air-laid process deposit fiber cellulose fiber;
Online at fibrous fiber, deposit second fiber web of non-bonding continuous filament yarn;
Formed compound is transported on the water jet coupling apparatus, reinforces assembly by hy-droentanglement; With
Dry made mixing supatex fabric batches then, for example carries out with the form of package.
According to the optimal way of implementing the inventive method, used cellulose fibre is an xylon in the production compound, and it deposits by air-laid.
In addition, be if possible iff implementing a water jet in conjunction with processing, so preferably make formed compound that twice continuous processing carried out in two relative side.
The invention still further relates to by implementing the novel type nonwoven products that this method obtains.
The mixing supatex fabric that this class therefore is made up of dissimilar fibre blends is characterised in that: this supatex fabric consist of one deck natural fabric, particularly the xylon layer is clipped in two-layerly by between the nonwoven web formed of silk of extruding and stretching based on synthetic material, and the combination of each layer is the entanglement acquisition that is produced by the effect of water jet.
The accompanying drawing summary
Yet the present invention and the advantage that comes from this all can obtain clearer understanding from following illustrational embodiment, and these embodiment state hereinafter and provide, but do not mean that any qualification, and illustrate with accompanying drawing, wherein:
-Fig. 1 is a whole process schematic diagram of making the composite fabric that generates according to the inventive method; With
-Fig. 1 a, 1b, 1c and 1d are the enlarged drawings of above-mentioned Fig. 1 institute collar region.
Implement method of the present invention
On the production line of production line for example shown in Figure 1 and so on, produce complex nonwoven fabric continuously.
For carrying out this work, adopt the process units shown in total mark (1), through fusion, spinning and stretching, make the first continuous filament fibers net (2), described long filament deposition also is distributed on the moving conveyer belt (3).
Randomly, described first fiber web (2) can carry out pressure roller immediately and knit close processing after forming, and perhaps warp is knitted close processing from the effect of the jet of the movable plate (rail) of water ejector.
The continuous filament yarn of described first fiber web (2) can be based on by polypropylene, polyester or other synthetic material, and as the polymer that polyethylene or polyamide are formed, listed polymer is also non exhaustive.Optional continuous filament yarn can be made up of so-called " bi-component " long filament, " bi-component " long filament for example be by polypropylene and polyethylene coextrusion and obtain those.
Then, the fiber web (2) of unbonded continuous filament yarn is transported to below the device shown in total mark (4), this device makes another kind of discontinuous fibre (4) by air-laid process, and more specifically say so cellulose fibre, especially xylon are deposited on the surface of first fiber web (2).
Cellulose fibre is deposited on the surface of first fiber web (2) by means of air flow.Preferably, by means of suction and pumping equipment (5) filament web (2) is fixed on the conveyer belt (3).After this, preferably the effect by suction places described fiber (4) between the non-binder filaments of fiber web (2), and two kinds of components like this can form good combination.
Then, be transferred the compound that still is fixed on the appropriate location (2,4) that band (3) supports advance to second district (6) below, second fiber web (7) of formation continuous filament yarn, these continuous filament yarns also are synthetic thread, and those of its type and first fiber web (2) are identical or different.
Preferred pressure roller (8) is positioned at after the described zone of deposited web (7), makes the assembly can be fine and close, so that be transported to the water jet coupling apparatus shown in total mark (9), this installs along production line.
Optional, this densification operation is implemented by means of the water ejector movable plate.
Then, compound enters the water land (9) on conveyer (10), on conveyer (10), carry out the fine and close and pre-wet practice of assembly successively, by be the last conveyer (11) tangent with floor conveyer (10), in floor conveyer, be equipped with water ejector (12).
After the compound densification and prewetting, it is through the effect of the (operating) water nozzle (13) of the water ejector conveying of continuous some arranged in series.
These (operating) water nozzles (13) are reinforced the assembly of being made up of each layer of compound, give the upper strata excellent abrasive resistance.
So the structure of handling then turned upside down be transported on tube (14) or the other conveyer, conveyer is connecting several injectors (15), these injectors also transporting water jet flow arrive the compound opposite side, so the reinforcing of the assembly of layer is enhanced, and gives layer in the face of jet simultaneously with excellent abrasive resistance.
The compound that so obtains is transported on the mangle conveyer (16) then, carries out mangle by means of the suction and pumping case that connects vacuum generator thereon.
Compound is batched with ways customary by reciprocal air duct (17) drying again then, the form of for example package (18).
Embodiment
Product of the present invention is prepared in the following manner.
Continuous filament fibers net (2), heavy 15g/m 2, to produce through the equipment that is called " Spunjet " that Applicant company sells, this equipment is through extruding, stretch and distributing continuous filament yarn production nonwoven web.
In the present embodiment, extrude polypropylene as polymer, what for example Amoco company sold number is the product of 100 ZA 35.
Formed fiber web is made up of every meter wide silk by 7000, and speed of production is 250 meters of per minutes.The diameter of silk is about 15 μ m after stretching.
Can accurately control mode and the silk uniformity thereon that long filament is deposited on the silk on the conveyer belt (3) at the suction and pumping case of stretch slot (20) offside.
Equipment (4) places above-mentioned same conveyer (3) top, with air-laid process with discontinuous Fiber Distribution on preformed fiber web (2).
The equipment of this distributed fibers is by such as M﹠amp; J company sells the conventional equipment of equipment and forms.
In this specific embodiment, the cellulose fibre that Korsnaes company sells, xylon more particularly is with 35g/m 2Be deposited on the spun-bonded fibre net (2), these xylons are about 3mm, so-called " fluff pulp ".
Suction and pumping case (5) places below the conveyer of whole lower face of air lay distribution head (4).This suction and pumping head (5) links to each other with vacuum generator, and xylon is evenly distributed, and keeps the uniformity of spun-bonded fibre net (2) simultaneously.
The synchronous pressure roller (not shown) of speed and described belt (3) makes the assembly densification of formation like this.
After densification, make type identical with first fiber web (2) heavily for 15g/m 2Second spun-bonded fibre net be deposited on the described composite surface.
Described second fiber web or at same conveyer (3) or on another conveyer, form.
Described fiber web (7) thus be distributed on the layer (4) of cellulose fibre.Adopt suction and pumping casees (5a) to force to transfer, the suction and pumping case is below the main conveyer with respect to the handover point.
Gained weight is 65g/m 2Structure optional by roller (8) densification.This densification technique can be chosen wantonly by the other movable plate of water ejector and implement.
Then, the gained compound is transported on the conveyer (10) of water jet bonding apparatus (9).
Described bonding apparatus comprises main conveyer (10), in main conveyer (10) top the last conveyer (11) tangent with the latter arranged, water ejector (12) is arranged in main conveyer, carry 4000 strands of water jets for its every meter, these jet diameters are 130 μ m, and speed is 34m/sec.
Handle with six water ejectors (13) of series connection such densification and wetting laminated product top side, the water jet diameter 120 μ m of water ejector ejection, jet is 0.6 μ m at interval, and the effluxvelocity of each injector is respectively 110,125,140,140,140 and 140m/sec.
The compound of described processing overturns and is transported on the tube (14), and 4 water ejectors (15) are arranged around the tube, and its ejection diameter 120 μ m, 0.6 μ m, speed are respectively 125,140,140 and the water jet of 140m/sec at interval.
So the compound of reinforcing is transported on the mangle conveyer (16), is the suction and pumping case mangle of 400mbar thereon by vacuum.
Assembly with reciprocal air duct (17) drying, and batches on (18) under 120 ℃ then.
Discovery is about 60g/m in the terminal products obtained therefrom weight of production line 2, have good homogeneity, good hand feeling and big pliability and good ABRASION RESISTANCE all arranged in dry state and hygrometric state.
Its water imbibition is up to about 850%.
This water imbibition can be with equally matched by the discontinuous water imbibition of mixing supatex fabric fibrous, that produced by combing.
In addition, dry state and hygrometric state ABRASION RESISTANCE, and mechanical performance is all very good.
Such product is preferred for various uses, and for example Evaluation product is wiped by industry or family, dipping is wiped device and work coat and curtain, and these are used all as an illustration in this narration, are not limited to these.

Claims (4)

1. method of producing complex nonwoven fabric, this method is to make the technology of compound continuously, and the fibrous fiber net (4) based on cellulose fibre in described compound is clipped between the fiber web (2,7) of two-layer continuous filament yarn, and this method is:
Produce the first continuous filament fibers net (2), with being collected on the moving conveyer belt (3) of extruding with the form of the continuous long strand that stretches with non-adhesive layer;
On described fiber web (2), by second fiber web (4) of air-laid process deposit fiber cellulose fiber;
On fibrous fiber net (4), deposit second fiber web (7) of non-bonding continuous filament yarn;
The compound that forms like this is transported on the water jet coupling apparatus (9), reinforces assembly by hy-droentanglement; With
Dry made mixing supatex fabric batches then, for example carries out with the form of package (18).
2. the desired method of claim 1 is characterised in that: used cellulose fibre (4) is an xylon in producing compound.
3. claim 1 and one of 2 desired methods are characterised in that: act on by water jet make on the relative both sides of described compound that compound stands to continue for twice in conjunction with handling.
4. the mixing supatex fabric that obtains by the method for implementing one of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: this supatex fabric consist of one deck natural fabric, xylon layer (4) particularly, it is clipped in two-layer by the nonwoven web of forming based on the continuous filament yarn of extruding and stretching of synthetic material (2,7) between, the combination of each layer is obtained by the entanglement of the effect generation of water jet.
CNB008182930A 2000-01-11 2000-11-16 Method for producing a complex nonwoven fabric and resulting novel fabric Expired - Lifetime CN100379919C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR00/00298 2000-01-11
FR0000298A FR2803604B1 (en) 2000-01-11 2000-01-11 PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A COMPLEX NONWOVEN MATERIAL AND NEW TYPE OF MATERIAL THUS OBTAINED

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN1423714A CN1423714A (en) 2003-06-11
CN100379919C true CN100379919C (en) 2008-04-09

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US (1) US20020168910A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1246958B1 (en)
CN (1) CN100379919C (en)
AT (1) ATE241718T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001220142A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60003086T2 (en)
DK (1) DK1246958T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2199189T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2803604B1 (en)
IL (2) IL150139A0 (en)
TR (1) TR200201707T2 (en)
WO (1) WO2001051693A1 (en)

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ATE241718T1 (en) 2003-06-15
DE60003086T2 (en) 2003-12-04
FR2803604A1 (en) 2001-07-13
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